peds ch 15 (education)

what is seating and position of the table in educational settings?

- 2" above elbows - feet on floor - 90 90 90

what are movement programs for self regulation?

- ALERT - Zones of Regulation

what assessments are used for self regulation, specifically for sensory processing?

- SPM (sensory processing measure) - classroom sensory environment assessment (CSEA) - observation

what are the different styles of handwriting?

- Zaner-Bloser - Palmer - D'Nealian

what areas are evaluated in schools by an OT?

- academic - nonacademic - extracurricular - prevocational - vocational

what aspects are a part of UDL?

- assistive technology of 1998 - universal design - OTs collaborating - Enhancing engagement function - just right challenge

what types of difficulties may a student face in performing roles in education settings?

- cognitive - visual perception - self regulation - motor skills - hand skills - visual motor skills - handwriting skills - social skills

what topics can be learned through competence?

- cognitive skills - critical thinking - self-regulation - social skills - executive functions (focus, plan, initiate)

what is Zones of Regulation?

- color system - address student behaviors to improve on-task behaviors & self regulation

what are motor skills?

- coordination - strength - gross motor - fine motor

what are the different types of mature grasp?

- dynamic tripod - lateral tripod - dynamic quadripod - lateral quadripod - D'Nealian

what are the handwriting assessments (criterion referenced)?

- evaluation tool of children's handwriting (ETCH) - the print tool - McMaster handwriting assessment protocol - here's how i write

what are the factors involved with cognition?

- following directions - complete activities - working memory - executive function - initiate/complete tasks - attention - problem-solving - behavioral changes - self-efficacy - growth-mindset

what are the underlying skills needed for school success?

- hand skills - perception - self-regulation - visual regulation

what areas are focused on in hand skills development?

- hand strength - vertical surface (wrist extension) - in hand manipulation - precision - speed - dexterity

what handwriting programs were developed by OTs?

- handwriting without tears (HWT) - Loops and Groups

what are some handwriting instructional approaches?

- imitate/model - tracing - copying - composition

what skills are needed for handwriting?

- in hand manipulation - strength and pencil grip - visual perception - visual motor integration - sensory skills - motor planning - cognitive

what are the components of legibility?

- letter formation - size - alignment/baseline usage - spacing - slant

what are visual spatial skills?

- make judgements about the location of objects in relationships to one's body - assess position, spatial relation, depth perception

what are social skills?

- making friends - learning/following rules - working in groups - self awareness - self regulation

what are the handwriting assessments (norm-referenced)?

- minnesota handwriting assessment (MHA) - test of handwriting skills

what are the specific sensory approaches for self-regulation?

- movement programs - mental health considerations - cognitive interventions

how dow we assess visual perception?

- observation - assessment of visual perception

what outcomes are measured during intervention?

- occupational performance - prevention - health and wellness - participation - QOL - role competence - well-being - OJ

what are ergonomic factors?

- position of person in their seat - stability of upper body - grip

what are some other interventions used in education settings?

- preparatory activities - seating and positioning table - safety - environmental adaptations

what is needed for hand skills?

- proficient tool use - the cognitive ability to master tool use - grasp

what are mental health considerations for self-regulation ?

- programs that are scaffolding/build skills for self-regulation - addresses at meta-cognitive level

what are the roles of a student?

- read books - write essays - perform math questions - participate in recess - have lunch in cafeteria - learn literacy skills (reading, writing, speaking & listening) - communicatie

what other reasons can teachers refer kids to OT for?

- reading and literacy tasks, functional literacy - math - communication - social interaction - play - self-care - behvaior - underlying skills needed for school success

what is visual perception?

- reception and perception of a visual stimuli - be able to process and use visual info

what are some types of interventions for self-regulations, specifically sensory approaches?

- sensory modifications - sensory diets - mindfulness

what are some treatment supports for lefties?

- softer pencils or pens that roll smoothly - not bumping elbows w/ seatmate - pulling paper out of binder - making sure corrected arm is supported

how is handwriting performance measured?

- styles - domains of handwriting - legibility - writing speed - ergonomic factors

what interventions are used in educational settings?

- top down - embed activities in natural context - collaborate w/ team - measure outcomes

what are the different types of OT evaluation processes in schools?

- top down - occupational profile - COSA - have both performance-based and occupational based assessments - strengths and challenges - formal and informal assessment measures

what are the different types of paper for handwriting?

- unlined - lined - dashed middle-line/primary paper - graph - raised line

what are visual analysis skills?

- visual discrimination - form constancy - figure ground - visual closure - visual memory - visualization

what skills are involved in visual perception?

- visual spatial skills - visual analysis skills - visual motor integration

when do we need visual motor skills at school?

- writing - throwing/catching - puzzles

T/F: are tools linked to legibility?

false

T/F: do grippers improve legibility

false

what is needed to achieve visual perception motor skills?

goal plus effort (facilitate self-organization and learning of visual perceptual skills)

what is the focused area of intervention?

hand skill development

what is the #1 reason for teachers to refer kids for OT?

handwriting

what is metacognitive?

high order thinking

how can handwriting be embedded?

in activities

what is competence?

learn and document what they have learned

what is participation?

learning, motivation, relationships

what is self regulation?

manage and control emotions and behavior in response to situations

treatment for hand skills development is best in what kind of context?

natural

what is writing speed?

number of words or letters per minute

what are some assistive technology that can be used for grasp?

pencil grips

what does participation impact?

performance and level of motivation

for hand skills, what is being assessed?

performance skills

how can a weighted pencil be beneficial?

proprioceptive feedback

what is legibility?

readability, legible words or letters

what is universal design for learning (UDL)?

shape teaching approaches to students strengths and knowledge

what are the handwriting assessments (screening)?

shore handwriting screening for early handwriting development

what impacts academic and nonacademic aspects of education?

social skills

what is ALERT?

teach child language to help identify their mode (green, yellow, red)

what is the formula for legibility?

total number of readable words / total number of written words

T/F: lefties get more fatigue when writing?

true

T/F: lefties prefer to print?

true

T/F: lined paper improved legibility?

true

what is the assistive technology act of 1998?

universal design (design spaces for everyone)

what surface cans benefit handwriting?

vertical or slanted board

what are the 5 prewriting marks?

| - O + X

what are domains of handwriting?

1. alphabet 2. numbers 3. copying near-point 4. copying far-point 5. manuscript to cursive 6. dictated words 7. composition

what are 2 key strategies of self regulation?

1. catalyst 2. metacognitive

how much of the US population are lefties?

10-15%

how many hours of practice is needed to make legibility gains?

15

how many people are consistently left handed?

15%

what is the optimal slant of paper for righties?

25-30%

what are some cognitive interventions for self regulation?

Cog-Fun (prevocational/vocational, transition plans)

what approaches are used in intervention?

Create Establish/Restore Maintain Modify Prevent

T/F: we'll all pass this exam?

VERY TRUE

what can be beneficial to handwriting?

assortment of writing tools

what is a catalyst?

change state or arousal

what is visual motor integration?

combination of visual perception and motor response

how many people are ambidextrous?

1 in 200

what is the optimal slant of paper for lefties?

30-35%

what age are kids ready to learn to write?

4-6

how many lefties hook their hands while writing?

50%

how many people only used their left hand for FM and certain activities?

85%

when is adult speed gained for writing?

9th grade