Peds EAQs Growth and Development

Which stage of spiritual development is characterized by imitation of religious gestures and behavior of others without understanding their significance?

Intuitive-projective stage

What is a characteristic of a slow-to-warm-up child?

-Reacting negatively to new stimuli

Which statement made by the parent of a 7-month-old infant indicates that the child has delayed fine motor development?

"My child is unable to use both hands while grasping objects."

The nurse teaches a group of adolescents about contraception. Which statements made by the adolescents indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

-"Condoms require consistent use and decrease spontaneity." -"Lea's shield is less effective in women who have given birth." -"Spermicidal creams may not be completely effective in preventing pregnancy."

The nurse is reinforcing best parenting practices to the parents of a 13-year-old child. Which statements made by the parent need correction? Select all that apply.

-"I should motivate my child to perform well in exams by comparing her to her siblings." -"I should teach my child to make decisions and understand consequences as an adult would."

Which feelings and behaviors can be observed in early preschool children in response to the divorce of parents? Select all that apply.

-Regressive behavior -Increased tantrums -Blaming themselves for the divorce

The nurse is collecting data from a few infants in a pediatric unit. Which infant has impaired growth and development?

Infant D(4 mo old has rooting,moro,tonic neck reflex)

The nurse is caring for a child with cerebral palsy. After reviewing the child's medical file, the nurse finds that the child has spastic deformities. Which treatment option would the nurse expect to be beneficial in this child?

Selective dorsal rhizotomy

Which is the fifth stage of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

Social contract orientation

According to Piaget, what behavior should the nurse expect to find in a 7-year-old child?

The child classifies and sorts facts to solve problems.

According to Kohlberg's moral judgment theory, which characteristic behavior would the nurse find in the child who is in the naive instrumental orientation stage?

The child is motivated by a selfish desire to obtain rewards and benefits.

What is the outcome of an authoritative parenting style?

The child may become self-reliant

What could be a cause of a stiff, tense appearance of the sutures in a newborn?

The neonate is crying

Which intervention, if followed by the parent, may help manage encopresis in a 9-year-old child?

-Including cereals in the child's diet

The nurse is teaching the parent of a toddler about behavioral interventions. Which intervention is age-appropriate and promotes growth and development in the toddler?

-Never punish the child in front of others.

The nurse is reinforcing methods to enhance gross motor skill development in toddlers to the parents of a 24-month-old child. Which should the nurse include in the teaching to provide effective teaching?

-"You should encourage your child to play soccer."

How many deciduous teeth would be present in a 10-month-old infant? Record your answer as a whole number. ________

-Age of child in months minus 6 = Number of deciduous teeth. Therefore, the number of deciduous teeth is 10 - 6 = 4.

Which congenital neural tube defect is characterized by absence of both hemispheres? Anencephaly

-Anencephaly

Which characteristics are observed in the embryonic stage of prenatal development? Select all that apply.

-Appearance of arm and leg buds -Rapid development of the nervous system -Beginning of development of fingers and toes

Which type of cerebral palsy may cause a wide-based gait in children?

-Ataxic

Which condition results from an abnormal organization of cells into a particular tissue type?

-dysplasia

Which could be the result if a person fails to master the intimacy vs. isolation stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?

-egocentricity

While playing with her child, a mother takes a toy from the child and hides it. She then observes that the child begins to look for the hidden object. According to Piaget, which developmental stage is indicated by this behavior?

-sensorimotor

Which stage of moral development is indicated when a child says, "I must follow the rules; otherwise, I will be punished"?

Stage 1

A child's body mass index (BMI) is 26. Which dietary habits would increase the health risks in the child? Select all that apply.

-Avoiding beans and legumes in the diet -Excluding calcium-rich foods from the diet

The nurse is assessing a newborn immediately after birth. Which findings indicate abnormality and need further investigation? Select all that apply.

-BP is 80/70 mm Hg --Body temperature is 97.0° F Head circumference is 3 cm less than chest circumference

What is the cause of athetoid cerebral palsy in infants?

-Birth asphyxia

During a routine checkup, the nurse learns that an adolescent patient is planning to get a navel piercing. What should the nurse assess in the adolescent to ensure safety?

-Blood glucose levels

When does the Babinski reflex disappear?

-after 12 mo

An infant appears very fussy, cries loudly, and draws up its legs to the abdomen. What does the nurse suspect to be the cause of these behaviors?

Feeding the infant cow's milk

Which is observed in the preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development?

Transductive reasoning

Which age-specific cognitive characteristic increases the risk of injuries in school-age children?

Transitional cognitive processes

Which tasks would be appropriate to be performed by a 6-year-old child based on his or her growth and development? Select all that apply.

-Playing spelling games -Taking baths without supervision -Using a knife to spread butter on the bread

Which stage of spiritual development is characterized by imitation of religious gestures and behavior of others without understanding their significance?

-Intuitive-projective stage

Which is a characteristic of the developmental theory?

-It provides a dynamic, rather than a static, view of the family.

Which behaviors are observed in individuals at a conventional level of moral development? Select all that apply

-Obeying the rules -Respecting authority -Maintaining social order

The nurse is caring for a high-risk infant who is receiving intravenous fluids through an infusion pump. Which complications may occur if the fluid rate is more than the prescribed rate? Select all that apply.

-Pulmonary edema -Congestive heart failure -Intraventricular hemorrhage

Which clinical manifestations should the nurse look for in a newborn with suspected spina bifida cystica? Select all that apply.

-Rectal prolapse -Overflow incontinence -Flaccid partial paralysis of the lower extremities

The nurse who is caring for a child with botulism anticipates that the child's growth and development may be hampered due to cranial nerve deficits. Which signs presented by the child support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply.

-Reduced gag reflex -Loss of head control

Which assessment finding on a newborn's skin would need further investigation?

-Sclerema

The nurse is teaching a group of school-age children about bicycle safety. Which statement of the children may indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

-"I should watch for drain grates and potholes." -"I should not carry packages that interfere with my vision." -"I should equip the bicycle with proper lights and reflectors."

Which statement made by the mother of a 9-month-old infant supports the nurse's conclusion that the infant has good fine motor development?

-"My baby picks up small objects."

Which statement by the parent of a 9-month-old supports the nurse's conclusion that the infant displays developmental accomplishments appropriate for this age?

-"My child can throw a ball."

Which statement made by the parent of a 7-month-old infant indicates that the child has delayed fine motor development?

-"My child is unable to use both hands while grasping objects."

Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion that a 12-month-old infant should be evaluated further for developmental dysplasia of the hip?

-Inability to pull to a standing position

According to Piaget, which developmental stage is characterized by logical thinking?

-Middle childhood

Which signs and symptoms would a nurse observe in a newborn in which Werdnig-Hoffmann disease is suspected? Select all that apply.

-Poor suck reflex -Absence of deep tendon reflex -Diaphragmatic breathing with sternal retractions

The parent of a child says, "My child is repeatedly banging the table to make loud sounds." Which sensorimotor stage of cognitive development best explains this behavior of the child?

-Secondary circular reactions

A teacher encourages a 10-year-old boy to play with his fellow students in school, but he is unable to make friends. He also has trouble completing the tasks he is given at school, so his parents try to motivate him. Which characteristics can be observed in this child due to failure at this stage of development, according to Erikson's theory? Select all that apply.

-Sense of inferiority -Sense of inadequacy

In which phase does a child develop the sense of object permanence according to Jean Piaget?

-Sensorimotor

Which is the fifth stage of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

-Social contract orientation

While communicating with the parents of a preschool child, the nurse finds that the parents are worried about their child's feelings of rivalry with his siblings and by the use of offensive language by their child. What other aspects should the nurse anticipate in the child? Select all that apply.

-Telling exaggerated stories -Asking too many questions -Using 4-5 word sentences

Which is observed in the preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development?

-Transductive reasoning

Which condition does the nurse suspect in the newborn who has a fluid-filled sac, probably due to herniation of the brain and meninges through a defect in the skull?

-Encephalocele

The parents of a toddler who has been admitted to the pediatric unit for surgery to correct hypospadias ask the nurse when this defect happened. The nurse responds that it usually occurs during fetal development, in the:

-First 12 weeks

Which action by a mother indicates the need for additional teaching about the administration of oral iron supplements in children?

-Giving a liquid iron supplement with whole cow's milk

While reviewing the blood test reports of a 12-month-old infant, the nurse finds that the infant's blood shows phenylalanine levels as 25 mg/dL and implements measures to be followed for the infant to reduce the risk. During follow-up visits the nurse finds that the infant's condition is not improving, even after treatment. Which actions by the mother may be contributing to the infant's condition?

-Giving milk to the infant -Giving peanut butter to the infant

Which factor is responsible for predisposing an infant to severe acute respiratory tract infections?

-Inability to produce sufficient immunoglobulin A

Which stage is observed in a 2-year-old child according to Freud's theory?

-anal age

While playing, a child takes a few pebbles and places them in order from smallest to largest. Which stage of cognitive development does the child's behavior demonstrate?

-concrete operation

Which stage of moral development is indicated when a child says, "I must follow the rules; otherwise, I will be punished"?

-stage 1

Which stage of spiritual development is characterized by the child's belief that good behavior is rewarded and bad behavior is punished?

-stage 2

What could be a cause of a stiff, tense appearance of the sutures in a newborn?

-the neonate is crying

The nurse is explaining which developmental milestones a child's parents should expect to see at the age of 18 months. Which statements made by the parents indicate the need for further instruction? Select all that apply.

-"My child will be able to take a few steps on tiptoe. -"My child will be able to pick up objects without falling." -"My child will be able to kick a ball without losing balance."

Which behavioral quality involves demonstrating the feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness?

-Egocentricity

Which physiologic changes are observed in pregnant women during the third trimester? Select all that apply.

-Fatigue -Urinary frequency -Braxton Hicks contractions

A child complains of stomach pain, and the nurse suspects it is a symptom of stress. Which other signs and symptoms of stress would lead the nurse to investigate the situation further? Select all that apply.

-Headache -Passing urine in bed -Difficulty sleeping

The nurse sees a 4-year-old girl with a webbed neck and short stature. What could be the probable finding in genetic testing?

-The child has mutated chromosome 45 with XO inheritance.

Which observations does the nurse expect in a 4-year-old child with normal growth and development? Select all that apply.

-The child is able to catch a ball reliably. -The child is able to throw a ball overhand. -The child walks down the stairs using alternating feet.

The nurse is interacting with the parent of a male adolescent and interprets that the adolescent is in the fourth stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory. Which statement made by the parent supports the nurse's conclusion?

-"My child yells at me when I forbid him from attending any late night parties."

The registered nurse is teaching a mother about the introduction of solid foods to her infant. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?

-"Spoon-feed your child after giving the child a small amount of breast milk."

The New Ballard Scale score of a newborn reveals abundant lanugo, smooth pink, visible veins on the skin, plantar creases ant. 2/3, flat areola, stiff ears with thick cartilage, and a prominent clitoris with enlarging minora. What would be the maturity rating in this newborn? Record your answer using a whole number.______

-Abundant lanugo = 1, smooth pink, visible veins = 1, plantar surface creases ant. 2/3 = 3, flat areola = 1, stiff ear with thick cartilage = 4, prominent clitoris with enlarging minora = 1. Therefore, the maturity scale in this newborn is summed up as 9.

The nurse has assisted in the delivery of a newborn who weighs 8.6 pounds and is born postterm. The nurse performs physical examination of the newborn to assess the newborn's use of both arms and the Moro reflex. Which condition is the nurse trying to rule out in the newborn?

-Clavicle fracture

During the assessment of a newborn, the nurse pulls the infant from a lying to a sitting position and observes that the infant is unable to control the head in an upright position. Which problem does the nurse suspect?

-Down syndrome

While caring for a child, the nurse observes that the child turns onto the side, flexes the knees to assume a kneeling position, and then pushes the torso upright by walking the hands up the legs. Which condition does the nurse suspect in this patient?

-Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Upon interacting with the parent of an infant, the nurse observes that the parent is using an incorrect formula preparation method. Which risk does this pose to the infant?

-Failure to thrive

Following a regular health checkup and health interview of an 8-year-old child, the nurse concludes that the child's gastrointestinal system is well developed. Which findings support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply.

-The child is able to maintain stable blood sugar levels. -The child eats after 3 to 4 hours without feeling hungry in between. -The child had less than three episodes of stomach upset in the previous year.

While collecting data on a 7-year-old child, the nurse suspects that the child has impaired cognitive development. Which behavior supports the nurse's conclusion?

-The child is unable to copy a diamond shape.

Which physical findings can be observed in a 2-month-old infant? Select all that apply.

-The crawling reflex disappears. -The posterior fontanel is closed

On the fourth day after birth, an infant passes light brown stools that are firm and have an offensive odor. What should the nurse infer from these findings?

-The infant is exclusively formula-fed.

Which age-specific cognitive characteristic increases the risk of injuries in school-age children?

-Transitional cognitive processes

Which finding in a 5-month-old infant indicates age-appropriate gross motor development? Select all that apply

-Turns over from the abdomen to the back -Assumes symmetric positioning with the arms extended -Puts the feet to the mouth when placed in a supine position

Which characteristics are observed in a preschooler? Select all that apply.

-Weight gain of about 5 pounds per year -Increase in height of 6.2 to 7.5 cm per year -Participation in associative play with other