Peds Exam #1
What is a night terror?
sudden awakenings from sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal
What is atraumatic care?
therapeutic care that minimizes or eliminates the psychological and physical distress experienced by children and their families in the health care system
What information is not used in hypertension screening?
weight is NOT included Only uses gender, age, and height
What's the urine output for infants?
~2 ml/kg/hr
When is the development stage for neonates?
First 28 days of life
Based on the CDC growth chart, what percentile indicates overweight?
Greater than 85% and below 95%
Based on the CDC growth chart, what percentile indicates obesity?
Greater than or equal to 95%
How does a child grow and develop?
Head to feet (Cephalo-caudal) and proximal/central to distal (Proximo-distal) Follows predictable pattern
What should all newborns have done before being discharged?
Hearing screening
To prevent aspiration, what should be educated to parents?
Heimlich maneuver
What does completion of myelination in toddler into preschool period do in regard to motor development?
Improved control, coordination of both fine/gross motor skills, improved balanced, ability to exercise sphincter control
By 2 months, an infant should be able to do what in regard to their vision?
Infant should be able to follow an object to midline and across 180°
At what age can the vastus lateralis injection site no longer be used?
Kids over 3 years old Use deltoid instead
Based on the CDC growth chart, what percentile indicates underweight?
Less than 5%
What is the eruption pattern of teeth in an infant?
Lower incisors 1st, then upper incisors, molars later
What vaccines aren't given until 12 months (1 year) of age? Why?
MMR, Varicella (VZV), HepA -- live vaccines
Most common cause of death in the hospital?
Medication error
Medication error vs. Adverse drug event
Medication error is preventable Adverse drug event is an injury resulting from a medical intervention related to drug admin
What are the mild symptoms of dehydration?
Mental status: alert, fussy, irritable Fontanelles (under 18 months): flat Mucous Membranes/Turgor: pink, moist Extremities/Cap Refill: warm, cap refill 1-2 sec O2 Sats: normal
What are the severe symptoms of dehydration?
Mental status: less responsive, stuporous Fontanelles (under 18 months): sunken Mucous Membranes/Turgor: very dry Extremities/Cap Refill: cold extremities, prolonged cap refill O2 Sats: < 90%
What are the moderate symptoms of dehydration?
Mental status: sleepy, lethargic Fontanelles (under 18 months): sunken Mucous Membranes/Turgor: pale, slightly dry, gray Extremities/Cap Refill: cooler, slightly prolonged to 3 sec O2 Sats: decreased to mid-low 90s
What does <5% weight loss mean for dehydration?
Mild dehydration
What does 5-10% weight loss mean for dehydration?
Moderate dehydration
Why is it easier for infants and children to get dehydrated?
Most of their fluid is extracellular
What is a night terror and how is it different from a nightmare?
Night terror: sudden awakenings from sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal Nightmare: a dream occurring during sleep that results in strong feelings of terror, fear, distress, or extreme anxiety
Based on the CDC growth chart, 5% to 84% indicates what?
Normal
What profession is most likely to catch a medciation error?
Nurses Nurses are last line of defense before med reaches child
Based on the CDC growth chart, greater than or equal to 95% indicates what?
Obesity
If a child is having difficulty with an M/E chart, what chart can they use?
Object chart (as long as they can describe the objects)
What drugs have the most common pediatric med errors?
Opiates and antibiotics
What's the formula to calculate dehydration weight loss?
Original weight - Current weight = Loss THEN Divide loss by original weight
Based on the CDC growth chart, greater than 85% but less than 95% indicates what?
Overweight
What is the difference between palmar grasp and pincer grasp?
Palmar Grasp: full-hand grasp, fingers curl around Pincer Grasp: uses finger and thumb to grasp, pick up, hold objects
What can nurses to do provide atraumatic care?
Prevent + Minimize: Physical stressors, noise, sleeplessness, trauma, family separation, painful invasive procedures Control pain Promote sense of control Promote growth and development
Since infants have a large amount of skin for body surface area, what does this put them at risk for?
Quicker loss of heat/fluid
How does the rate of growth change from infancy to toddler/preschooler period?
Rate of growth in toddler/preschooler period slows down from infancy period (period of most rapid growth)
What are you looking for when doing a vision screening on a baby?
Red light reflex If you shine a light in their eyes, the pupil should turn red
If a child's BP is elevated on the first measurement, what should be done?
Repeat BP measurement MANUALLY
Hypertension screening utilizes what information about the child?
Screening utilizes gender, age, and height
What does >10% weight loss mean for dehydration?
Severe dehydration
What if a newborn fails their first hearing screen?
That is normal. The screen will be repeated and if they still fail, they'll be referred to audiology within 2-3 months
An example of thinking abstractly, a hallmark of adolescent cognitive development, include which of the following? a) Describing characteristics of respect b) Counting 3 cookies on a plate c) A child using a broom to pretend they're riding a horse
a) Describing characteristics of respect
A 14 month old should be able to do the following: a. walk up steps alone and dress self b. walk independently and remove shoes and socks c. walk up steps alone and undress self d. walk independently and use a spoon to feed self
d. walk independently and use a spoon to feed self
What can hearing loss lead to?
delays in language development, social development, and cognitive function
What are the risk factors for developmental delays?
- Prematurity/low birth weight - Problems during pregnancy - High bilirubin at birth (jaundice) Neonatal kernicterus — extremely high bilirubin, can cause developmental delays - Elevated lead levels - Prenatal drug or alcohol use - Other diagnoses (congenital anomalies, metabolic disorders, other chronic illness)
What are the primitive infant reflexes in infancy?
- Sucking reflex - Rooting reflex - Palmar grasp - Tonic Neck reflex - Moro reflex - Babinski reflex - Stepping reflex
What is the HTN screening for children 13+ years old?
4 BP types (normal, elevated, Stage 1 HTN, Stage 2 HTN)
What's the urine output for adolescents + adults?
40-80 ml/hr
Based on the CDC growth chart, what percentile indicates normal?
5-84%
When is the crucial time that hearing loss should be identified by?
6 months
When is the development stage for middle childhood?
6 to 12 years (school-age children)
What are the percents for dehydration?
< 5 % — Mild dehydration 5-10% — Moderate dehydration >10 % — Severe dehydration
A child up to 3 years should be able to do what in regard to their vision?
focuses and tracks object, report squinting, bumping into things
When should a child have a dental evaluation for malocclusion?
After age 4 if still thumb sucking/using pacifier
What are the causes for fluid loss in an infant?
- #1 reason: Skin — largest organ of body, increased BSA - Fever (lose 7ml/kg/24 HR for every 1° temp) - Increased metabolic rate/BMR - Higher respiratory rate - Tears - Vomiting - Bleeding - Stool/Urine - Small stomach - Third spacing — fluid moves from intracellular to extracellular area, where it doesn't normally accumulate (plural cavity, pericardial space, peritoneal cavity)
What's the referral criteria for a vision screen?
- In preschool (ages 3-5) and visual acuity is less than 20/40 (20/50, 20/60, 20/80 etc) - Greater than 6 years: visual acuity less than 20/30 - If there's a 2 line difference on the M chart between L eye and R eye
What education can a nurse provide a parent in regard to medication dosing and safety?
- Med use, side effects, dosing of meds at home - Safety related to storage (locked cabinet) - Never refer to meds as "candy" - Overdose: accidental or intentional - Adolescents have potential to misuse medications - Have Poision control contact info available
What are the types of hearing screening?
- Otoacoustic emissions (OAE's) — measures ear's response to sound - Auditory brain response (ABR) — measures brain's response to sound & checks auditory nerve
What mL and needle size is used for vastus lateralis?
0.5 mL for infants 1 mL for toddlers 2 mL for preschoolers 5/8 - 1 inch needle
What's the urine output for children?
0.5-1 ml/kg/hr
When is the development stage for infancy?
1 month to 1 year
When is the development stage for toddler?
1 to 3 years
What is the toddler age range?
1-3 years
When do infants start to stand?
10 months
Newborn babies should be able to fixate on an object that is how far from their face?
10-12 inches in front of their faces
What temperature should hot water be set at for toddlers/preschoolers?
100° -- risk for scald burns at 120°+ d/t thinness of skin
When is the development stage for adolescent?
13 to 17 years
When is the development stage for late adolescent?
18 to 21 years
What is the HTN screening for children 1-13 years old?
3 BP types (normal, prehypertensive, hypertension)
When is the development stage for preschoolers?
3 to 5 years
What is the preschooler age range?
3-5 years
What lead level is considered exposure?
3.5 mcg/dl
What pain scale is behavioral?
FLACC Scale
What if a baby lacks red light reflex?
Absence of red light reflex is concerning for a particular type of brain tumor
When should fluoride supplementation begin?
Around 6 months
What's the minimum age a child must be to start solid foods?
At least 6 months
A nurse is assessing a 2 1⁄2-year-old toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Height increased by 7.5 cm (3 in) in the past year. B. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference. C. Anterior and posterior fontanels are closed. D. Current weight equals four times the birth weight.
B. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference. The head and chest circumference should be equal by 1 to 2 years of age, with the chest circumference continuing to increase in size until it exceeds the head circumference. Therefore, report this finding to the provider.
A nurse is providing education about introducing new foods to the guardians of a 6-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the caregiver introduce which of the following foods first? A. Strained yellow vegetables B. Iron-fortified cereals C. Pureed fruits D. Whole milk
B. Iron-fortified cereals
A nurse is assessing a 12-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Closed anterior fontanel B. Eruption of six teeth C. Birth weight doubled D. Birth length increased by 50%
C. Birth weight doubled By the age of 12 months, the infant's birth weight should have tripled. Therefore, report this finding to the provider. Wt doubles @ 4-6 months
What's the most common error with weight-based dosing?
Calculation error
When a child is small and sick, their decreased ability to physiologically tolerate med errors causes what?
Can increase risk, rate, and severity of drug related error
What are developmental milestones?
Certain behaviors that develop within a certain window of time such as sitting up, talking, walking, toileting, smiling
If a child is over 3 years old, what site is used for IM injection?
Deltoid muscle (arm)
Why should bottles to bed be avoided?
To prevent caries (cavities) caused by bottle fluids, unless using water
Based on the CDC growth chart, less than 5% indicates what?
Underweight
What are the practice guidelines for hypertension screening?
Universal HTN screening recommended for all children starting at age 3 — annually
A nurse is teaching a 7-year old diabetic child who is in Piaget's concrete operational stage about insulin injections. Based on Piaget's theory, what would be the nurse's best method of preparation for this child? a) Demonstrate the procedure on a teddy bear. b) Explain the procedure to the child in detail. c) Show the child a video about diabetes and insulin. d) Give the child a pamphlet on diabetes to read.
a) Demonstrate the procedure on a teddy bear.
What's the preferred IM injection site for infants?
Vastus lateralis (thigh) Largest muscle in infants/small child
What should nurses be aware of for medication safety?
Weight based, fractional dosing, decimal errors
Why is weight-based dosing important?
Weights can vary greatly and can change rapidly during admission
What are developmental tasks?
a set of skills and competencies unique to each developmental stage, which children must accomplish/master to interact appropriately w/their environment
A nurse is providing teaching about age-appropriate activities to the guardian of a 2 year old. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I will send my child's favorite stuffed animal when napping away from home will occur." b) "My child should be able to stand on one foot for a second." c) "The soccer team my child will be playing on starts practicing next week." d) "I should expect my child to be able to draw circles."
a) "I will send my child's favorite stuffed animal when napping away from home will occur." Transitional objects (a favorite stuffed animal) provide a sense of security for toddlers. This is an age-appropriate activity for a 2-year-old.
The nurse at an elementary school is explaining the concept of industry versus inferiority to a group of nursing students. What is part of this stage of Erikson's theory? a) A sense of competence, mastery, and worth b) Lack of the ability to think abstractly c) The principle of conservation d) The conventional stage of development
a) A sense of competence, mastery, and worth
A nurse is preparing to assess a preschooler. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prepare the child? a) Allow the child to role-play using miniature equipment. b) Use medical terminology to describe what will happen. c) Separate the child from the caregiver during the examination. d) Keep medical equipment visible to the child.
a) Allow the child to role-play using miniature equipment.
In preparing a preschool age patient for an injection, the most appropriate nursing intervention is to: a) Allow the patient to administer an injection to a doll b) Coordinate the patient watching a peer receive an injection c) Have the parents explain the process to the patient d) Suggest diversionary activities like singing
a) Allow the patient to administer an injection to a doll
To meet the emotional needs of a 10-year-old patient who is dying, the most appropriate nursing action is to: a) Answer questions honestly and frankly b) Avoid interruptions by coordinating nursing actions c) Encourage the patient to write in a journalProvide opportunities d) for the patient to interact with children of the same age
a) Answer questions honestly and frankly
A nurse caring for a one year old knows that obtaining an accurate pulse includes which of the following actions? a) Auscultate the apical pulse for one minute b) Palpate the radial pulse for one minute c) Palpate the brachial pulse for one minute d) Auscultate the apical pulse for 15 secs and multiply by 4
a) Auscultate the apical pulse for one minute
During a previous well-child visit, the nurse reviews the importance of immunizations for the preschool-age child with the parents. Which outcome indicates that the nurse's instruction to the parents has been effective? a) Child has all immunizations up to date. b) Parents plan to have the child receive needed immunizations within a year. c) Child began to cry during an immunization, and the decision was made to try again later. d) Primary care physician changed the appointment for immunizations to another day in a month.
a) Child has all immunizations up to date.
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the caregivers of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a) Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries. b) meeting caloric needs results in an increased appetite. c) Expression of bedtime fears is common. d) Expect behaviors associated with negativism and ritualism. e) Annual screenings for phenylketonuria are important.
a) Develop food habits that will prevent dental caries. c) Expression of bedtime fears is common. d) Expect behaviors associated with negativism and ritualism. Expression of bedtime fears is common for toddlers and should be included in the anticipatory guidance. Negativism and ritualism are exhibited by toddlers as they seek autonomy, and associated behaviors should be included in the anticipatory guidance.
The parent of an 8-year-old asks what they can do to help their child achieve the developmental tasks associated with the school age period. What would be a developmentally appropriate suggestion to give them? a) Establish age-appropriate chores for the child to do regularly, and give the child recognition or reward for completing them. b) Allow the child to be alone and unsupervised in the house for several hours. c) Have the child babysit their younger sibling while the parents go out to dinner
a) Establish age-appropriate chores for the child to do regularly, and give the child recognition or reward for completing them.
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following fine motor skills should the nurse expect the infant to perform? (Select all that apply.) a) Grasp a rattle by the handle b) Try building a two-block tower c) Use a crude pincer grasp d) Place objects into a container e) Walks with one hand held
a) Grasp a rattle by the handle c) Use a crude pincer grasp
According to Piaget, one basic concept that a child will learn during the first year is that: a) He is separate from his parents. b) He cannot be fooled by changing shapes. c) His parents are not perfect. d) Most procedures can be reversed.
a) He is separate from his parents. Explanation: Part of learning permanence is learning where body boundaries begin or end or that the child is separate from parents.
While evaluating the development of a 10-month-old boy, a nurse hides the boy's stuffed animal behind her back. The boy crawls around the examination table to look behind the nurse's back for the stuffed animal. Which developmental phenomena has this? a) Object permanence b) Hand regard c) Binocular vision d) Depth perception
a) Object permanence Explanation: By 10 months, an infant looks under a towel or around a corner for a concealed object (beginning of object permanence, or become aware an object out of sight still exists). Hand regard, which is typically demonstrated by 3-month-olds, is a phenomenon that involves the infant holding his hands in front of his face and studying them. Binocular vision, which is the ability to fuse two images into one, is demonstrated by 2-month-olds when they follow moving objects with their eyes. Depth perception allows 7-month-olds to transfer toys from hand to hand.
Mild reactions to vaccines include: a) Redness or swelling at injection site b) Seizures c) High fever, 105 or greater d) Anaphylaxis
a) Redness or swelling at injection site
When caring for a child with a cognitive impairment, what is a primary factor for the nurse to consider regarding the approach for interaction with the child? a) The developmental stage is based on developmental tasks achieved. b) The developmental stage is based on the chronological age. c) The developmental stage is based on the gestational age. d) The developmental stage is based on the parent's report of level of functioning.
a) The developmental stage is based on developmental tasks achieved. Explanation: Accomplishment of developmental tasks, not just the chronological age, will define which developmental stage the child is in.
The mother of a 13-year-old adolescent is concerned about her daughter getting cervical cancer later in life and asks the nurse if there are any ways to reduce the risk. Which would the nurse recommend? a) Vaccination for the human papilloma virus b) Urging the daughter to not begin smoking c) Insist that the daughter wear SPF 30 sunscreen while outside d) A diet free from animal fats
a) Vaccination for the human papilloma virus
A nurse is providing teaching about dental care and teething to the caregiver of a 9-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the caregiver indicates an understanding of the teaching? a) "I can give my baby a warm teething ring to relieve discomfort." b) "I should clean my baby's teeth with a cool, wet wash cloth." c) "I can give Advil for up to 5 days while my baby is teething." d) "I should place diluted juice in the bottle my baby drinks while falling asleep."
b) "I should clean my baby's teeth with a cool, wet wash cloth."
Which of the following statements by the nurse is an example of atraumatic care for a 4-year-old? (SATA) a) "Joey, we won't give you a penicillin shot if you think it will hurt too much." b) "You can listen to my heart before I listen to yours!" c) "Joey, we're going to have to tie your hands down if you don't stop pulling on your IV." d) "Mom and Dad are going to have to leave if you don't stop screaming." e) "Joey, I brought Kermit the frog ( a doll) in to help you learn about your surgery."
b) "You can listen to my heart before I listen to yours!" e) "Joey, I brought Kermit the frog ( a doll) in to help you learn about your surgery."
12-month-old child weighing 11 lb has an order for gentamycin sulfate 13 mg IM q 36 hour. The pharmacy has 20 mg/2 mL on hand. How may milliliters would the infant receive, and what is the best site for the injection? a) 0.13 mg; vastus lateralis b) 1.3 mL; vastus lateralis c) 0.13 mg; ventrogluteal d) 1.3 mL; deltoid
b) 1.3 mL; vastus lateralis Explanation: For IM injections in infants, the mandatory site for administration is the vastus lateralis muscle of the anterior thigh. Use the lateral aspect rather than the medial portion because this site is not as tender and should cause less pain. 0.13 mg is incorrect, and both ventrogluteal and deltoid are not sites used with the toddler.
You are giving an immunization to a 2 year old that is recommended to give subcutaneously. Which gauge and length needle would you use? And which site would you choose? a) 20-22 gauge, 5/8 inch length and give in fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh b) 23-25 gauge, 5/8 length and give in fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh c) 20-22 gauge, 5/8 -1 inch and give in the deltoid d) 23-25 gauge, 5/8 inch length and give in deltoid
b) 23-25 gauge, 5/8 length and give in fatty tissue over anterolateral thigh
A pediatric nurse instructs parents who are concerned about the spread of illness at their children's daycare centers to inquire about the facilities: a) CPR training for staff b) Infection control practice c) Reported cases of diarrhea during the previous year d) Staff-to-child ratios.
b) Infection control practice
Which of the following immunizations would you anticipate administering to a 15-month old at a health maintenance visit? a) Hib b) MMR c) Tine test d) Oral polio
b) MMR
A nurse is conducting a well-baby visit with a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to the infant? (Select all that apply.) a) measles, mumps, rubella (mmR) b) Polio (IPV) c) Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) d) Varicella e) Rotavirus vaccine (RV)
b) Polio (IPV) c) Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) e) Rotavirus vaccine (RV)
At which stage of development are children able to believe in the reversibility of death? a) Adolescent b) Preschool age c) School age d) Toddler
b) Preschool age
The mother of a toddler observes the child play next to another child but not with the child. What should the nurse explain to the mother about this type of play behavior? a) This is peer play and is abnormal. b) This is parallel play and is expected. c) This is premature play and should be stopped. d) This is adjacent play and is only seen in school-age children.
b) This is parallel play and is expected. Explanation: All during the toddler period, children play beside children next to them, not with them. This side-by-side play called parallel play is not unfriendly but is a normal developmental sequence that occurs during the toddler period. This is not peer, adjacent, or premature play. This behavior is not abnormal, does not need to be stopped, and is not seen in school-age children.
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on an 18 month old. Which of the following skills should the toddler be able to perform? (Select all that apply.) a) Build a tower with six blocks b) Throw a ball overhand c) Walk up and down stairs d) Stand on one foot for a few seconds e) Use a spoon without rotation
b) Throw a ball overhand e) Use a spoon without rotation An 18 month old should be able to throw a ball overhand. An 18 month old should be able to use a spoon without rotation.
Which development milestones would be expected in a 9-month-old? (SATA) a. Walking b. Sitting independently c. Pulling to stand d. Crawling
b. Sitting independently d. Crawling
What's an appropriate snack for a 10 month old? a. popcorn b. cheerios c. grapes d. small peanuts
b. cheerios No airway sized foods!
The parents state they are afraid to have their child vaccinated and ask the nurse for more information. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? a) "State-required vaccinations are needed for your child to attend school." b) "There are no side effects from vaccinations that you need to worry about." c) "Vaccinations are very effective at preventing serious disease and infection." d) "Your child will probably not acquire the disease because other children are vaccinated."
c) "Vaccinations are very effective at preventing serious disease and infection."
The nurse enters her client's room and finds the infant on a pillow with a bottle propped up while the mother is dressing. What statement should the nurse make? a) "Look how cute she is." b) "Are you almost ready to be discharged?" c) "You should always hold your baby for feedings instead of propping the bottles." d) "Is she almost done feeding?"
c) "You should always hold your baby for feedings instead of propping the bottles." Explanation: The nurse should educate the mother on the risks of propping bottles with infants. Infants are at risk for aspiration of milk and for otitis media. The other choices do not point out the safety risks or educate the mother.
What disease does the MenACWY vaccine prevent? a) Shingles b) COVID-19 c) Bacterial meningitis d) Hepatitis A
c) Bacterial meningitis
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding bullying? a) Bullying only occurs in school settings b) Males engage only in physical bullying c) Bullying is associated with physical, psychological, and social harm. d) Children with special healthcare needs are not at increased risk for bullying.
c) Bullying is associated with physical, psychological, and social harm.
Which statement by a mother regarding her 15 month old requires further evaluation? a) I avoid giving him seeds, popcorn, and raisins b) I only buy whole milk, not skim milk or low fat c) He loves drinking juice from a bottle at night. It helps him sleep d) I add honey to his oatmeal in the morning
c) He loves drinking juice from a bottle at night. It helps him sleep
A nurse is promoting vaccine administration. When instructing on the physiological changes, which statement best explains what occurs in the child when vaccines are administered? a) The child develops a passive immunity. b) The child becomes a carrier of the disease. c) The child develops an active immunity. d) The child becomes a host for the disease. e) The child becomes a host for the disease.
c) The child develops an active immunity.
After receiving an immunization for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, a patient develops swelling and tenderness at the injection site, a low-grade fever, and malaise. The pediatric unit nurse informs the patients parents that: a) The reaction is severe enough that they should bring the patient to an emergency department b) They should delay future immunizations until the patient sees an allergist c) This is a mild reaction, and teaches them how to manage d) This is an appropriate reaction, and instructs them to do nothing
c) This is a mild reaction, and teaches them how to manage
A three month old infant needs an IM injection of palivizumab for prevention of RSV. Which site is most appropriate for the nurse to administer this medication? a) Deltoid site b) Dorsogluteal site c) Vastus lateralis site d) Ventrogluteal site
c) Vastus lateralis site
What is the best pain scale to use with a developmentally age appropriate 4 year old? a. CRIES b. FLACC c. FACES d. Numerical
c. FACES Appropriate for preschooler (3-5 y.o.)
What is the Erikson Stage for the Preschool child called? a. Pre-operational b. Autonomy vs. Shame an doubt c. Initiative vs. Guilt d. Sensorimotor
c. Initiative vs. Guilt
What is one vaccine an infant should not receive until at least one year of age? a. DTaP b. Hib c. Varicella d. HepB
c. Varicella
If a child has 20/20 vision, what does that mean?
child can see, at 20 ft, what other people can see at 20 ft
If a child has 20/50 vision, what does that mean?
child can see, at 20 ft, what other people can see at 50 ft
A mother reports to the nurse that her 4-year-old does everything that she does. She says she is becoming somewhat frustrated with these actions. What would be the best response by the nurse to this mother? a) "I can imagine that it would be very irritating." b) "I am sure there are ways to get your daughter to stop imitating you." c) "This is not normal behavior. I am going to get the doctor's advice." d) "Preschoolers' imitating is a healthy behavior. It is part of their imagination and normal growth and development."
d) "Preschoolers' imitating is a healthy behavior. It is part of their imagination and normal growth and development." Explanation: The nurse needs to inform the mother that preschoolers have an imagination that is keener than it will be at any other stage. They enjoy games using imitation and they mimic exactly what they see parents do. It is a normal part of their development. The other answers are not appropriate.
A first time mother asks you what type of toy would be best for her 2.5 year old. Your response is? a) Movies, computer games, board games b) Video games, cds, remote control truck c) Marbles, dress-up clothes, and card games d) Push-pull toys, large balls, wooden puzzles
d) Push-pull toys, large balls, wooden puzzles
What is the safest and most accurate way to assess an infant's temperature? a. Axillary b. Rectal c. Oral d. Temporal artery
d. Temporal artery
