Peds Exam 1- Chapter 28; Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion

Match the sequence of cephalocaudal development that the nurse expects to find in the normal infant with the appropriate step numbers. Begin with the first development expected, sequencing to the final. 1. Step 1 2. Step 2 3. Step 3 4. Step 4 a. Crawl b. Creep c. Stand d. Walk

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D

A 13-year-old girl asks the nurse how much taller she will become. She has been growing about 2 inches per year but grew 4 inches this past year. Menarche recently occurred. The nurse should base her response on knowing that a. growth cannot be predicted. b. the pubertal growth spurt lasts about 1 year. c. mature height is achieved when menarche occurs. d. approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs

d. approximately 95% of mature height is achieved when menarche occurs

Three children playing a board game would be an example of a. solitary play. b. parallel play. c. associative play. d. cooperative play.

d. cooperative play.

Erikson's theory provides a framework for: a. clearly indicating the experience needed to resolve crises. b. emphasizing pathologic development. c. coping with extraordinary events. d. explaining children's behavior in mastering developmental tasks.

d. explaining children's behavior in mastering developmental tasks.

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is highest in the: a. adolescent. b. infant over 6 months of age. c. school-age child. d. infant under 6 months of age.

d. infant under 6 months of age.

A child's skeletal age is best determined by a. assessment of dentition. b. assessment of height over time. c. facial bone development. d. radiographs of the hand and wrist

d. radiographs of the hand and wrist

A toddler playing with sand and water would be participating in play. a. skill b. dramatic c. social-affective d. sense-pleasure

d. sense-pleasure

Lymphoid tissues in children such as lymph nodes are a. adult size by age 1 year. b. adult size by age 13 years. c. half their adult size by age 5 years. d. twice their adult size by age 10 to 12 years

d. twice their adult size by age 10 to 12 years

The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need resolution is a. Erikson. b. Freud. c. Kohlberg d. Piaget.

a. Erikson.

Which of the following best describes the rate of speech development in children? a. Infants often learn sign language before vocal language. b. Speech precedes gestures. c. The first parts of speech typically used are adjectives and adverbs. d. At all stages of language development, comprehension vocabulary is about equal to

a. Infants often learn sign language before vocal language.

Play serves many purposes. In teaching parents about appropriate activities, the nurse should inform them that play serves the following function: (Select all that apply.) a. Intellectual development b. Physical development c. Self-awareness d. Creativity e. Temperament development

a. Intellectual development c. Self-awareness d. Creativity

What is probably the single most important influence on growth at all stages of development? a. Nutrition b. Heredity c. Culture d. Environment

a. Nutrition

Which term refers to those times in an individual's life when he or she is more susceptible to positive or negative influences? a. Sensitive period b. Sequential period c. Terminal points d. Differentiation points

a. Sensitive period

The nurse is observing parents playing with their 10-month-old daughter. What should the nurse recognize as evidence that the child is developing object permanence? a. She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket. b. She returns the blocks to the same spot on the table. c. She recognizes that a ball of clay is the same when flattened out. d. She bangs two cubes held in her hands.

a. She looks for the toy the parents hide under the blanket.

At what age do children tend to imitate the religious gestures and behaviors of others without understanding their significance? a. Toddlerhood b. Young school-age period c. Older school-age period d. Adolescence

a. Toddlerhood

The head-to-tail direction of growth is referred to as a. cephalocaudal. b. proximodistal. c. mass to specific. d. sequential.

a. cephalocaudal

A mother asks whether her 13-month-old child's sleep behavior is abnormal because he usually sleeps through the night and takes two short naps a day. The nurse's response should indicate that the infant probably: a. has a normal sleep pattern. b. has periods of sleeplessness at night. c. does not have colic. d. is at risk for having sleep problems in later life.

a. has a normal sleep pattern.

An important prerequisite for all other mental activity is the child's awareness that an object exists even though it is no longer visible. According to Piaget, this awareness is called: a. object permanence. b. logical thinking. c. egocentricity. d. reversibility.

a. object permanence.

Which of the following is the most prominent feature of childhood and adolescence? a. physical growth. b. neurologic maturation. c. psychosocial development. d. temperament maturation.

a. physical growth.

Personality development as viewed by Freud focuses on: a. the significance of sexual instincts. b. the suppression of psychosexual instincts. c. direct observations of adults. d. retrospective studies of children.

a. the significance of sexual instincts.

If the height of a 2-year-old is measured as 88 cm, his height at adulthood would be estimated as: a. 132 cm. b. 176 cm. c. 172 cm. d. 190 cm

b. 176 cm

The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which play situation exhibits the characteristics of parallel play? a. Kimberly and Amanda sharing clay to each make things. b. Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck. c. Adam playing a board game with Kyle, Steven, and Erich. d. Danielle playing with a music box on her mother's lap.

b. Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck.

Behavior that meets with approval and pleases or helps others is considered good is indicative of which moral development stage? a. Preconventional level. b. Conventional level. c. Principled level. d. Formal operational level.

b. Conventional level.

A mother reports that her 6-year-old child is highly active and irritable and that she has irregular habits and adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. According to Chess and Thomas, which category of temperament best describes this child? a. Easy child b. Difficult child c. Slow-to-warm-up child d. Fast-to-warm-up child

b. Difficult child

Which statement is true about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in children? a. It is reduced by fever. b. It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages. c. It increases with the age of child. d. It decreases as proportion of surface area to body mass increases

b. It is slightly higher in boys than in girls at all ages.

How does the onset of the pubertal growth spurt compare in girls and boys? a. It occurs earlier in boys. b. It occurs earlier in girls. c. It is about the same in both boys and girls. d. In both boys and girls it depends on their growth in infancy.

b. It occurs earlier in girls.

Which expected outcome would be developmentally appropriate for a hospitalized 4-year-old child? a. The child will be dressed and fed by the parents. b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs. c. The child will be able to verbalize an understanding of the reason for the hospitalization. d. The child will have a parent stay in the room at all times.

b. The child will independently ask for play materials or other personal needs.

Which of the following is considered fixed and precise in the development of children? ord a. The pace and rate of development b. The order of development c. Physical growth—in particular, height d. Growth during the vulnerable period

b. The order of development

What is the characteristic of the preoperational stage of cognitive development? a. Thinking is logical. b. Thinking is concrete. c. Reasoning is inductive. d. Generalizations can be made.

b. Thinking is concrete.

By the time children reach their 12 birthday, they should have learned to trust others and should have developed a sense of a. identity. b. industry. c. integrity. d. intimacy

b. industry.

The karyotype of a person is 47, XY, +21. This person is a a. normal male. b. male with Down syndrome. c. normal female. d. female with Turner syndrome

b. male with Down syndrome.

Erikson's stage of trust vs. mistrust corresponds to Freud's: a. anal stage. b. oral stage. c. phallic stage. d. guilt stage.

b. oral stage.

The nurse determines that a 7-month-old infant who weighs 10 kg needs about: a. 500 kcal per day. b. 750 kcal per day. c. 1050 kcal per day. d. 1500 kcal per day.

c. 1050 kcal per day.

By what age does birth length usually double? a. 1 year b. 2 years c. 4 years d. 6 years

c. 4 years

In what type of play are children engaged in similar or identical activity without organization, division of labor, or mutual goal? a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Cooperative

c. Associative

Growth and development patterns occur in a predictable and universal but in a time unique to each individual. Which of the following is the first pattern to develop? a. Proximodistal pattern. b. Differentiation pattern. c. Cephalocaudal pattern. d. Maturational pattern.

c. Cephalocaudal pattern.

Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason? a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify any delays or deficits. b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development. c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood. d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring

c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.

For adolescents, their struggle to fit the roles they have played and those they hope to play is best outlined by: a. Freud's latency period. b. Freud's phallic stage. c. Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage. d. Erikson's intimacy vs. isolation stage.

c. Erikson's identity vs. role confusion stage.

Which strategy would be the least appropriate for a child to use to cope? a. Learning problem solving b. Listening to music c. Having parents solve problems d. Using relaxation techniques

c. Having parents solve problems

Which behavior is most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development? a. Progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior. b. Inability to put oneself in another's place. c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes. d. Ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions.

c. Increasingly logical and coherent thought processes.

Which of the following psychosocial developmental stages best describes when children learn to compete and cooperate with others, they learn the rules, it is a decisive period in their social relationships with others? a. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. b. Initiative vs. guilt. c. Industry vs. inferiority. d. Identity vs. role confusion.

c. Industry vs. inferiority.

The intrauterine environment can have a profound and permanent effect on the developing fetus with or without chromosome or gene abnormalities. Most adverse intrauterine effects are the result of teratogens. The nurse is cognizant that this group of agents does not include a. accutane. b. rubella c. amniotic bands. d. alcohol.

c. amniotic bands.

The predominant characteristic of Piaget's preoperational period is egocentricity, which according to him, means: a. concrete and tangible reasoning b. selfishness and self-centeredness. c. inability to see another's perspective. d. ability to make deductions and generalize.

c. inability to see another's perspective.

Categorizing growth and behavior into approximate age stages: a. helps to account for individual differences in children. b. can be applied to all children with some degree of precision. c. provides a convenient means to describe the majority of children. d. determines the speed of each child's growth

c. provides a convenient means to describe the majority of children.

The energy requirement to build tissue: a. fluctuates randomly. b. fluctuates based on need. c. steadily decreases with age. d. steadily increases with age.

c. steadily decreases with age.

An infant who weighs 7 lbs at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year? a. 14 lbs b. 16 lbs c. 18 lbs d. 21 lbs

d. 21 lbs

According to Kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. What is the most characteristic of a preschooler's stage of moral development? a. Obeying the rules of correct behavior is important. b. Showing respect for authority is important behavior. c. Behavior that pleases others is considered good. d. Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences

d. Actions are determined as good or bad in terms of their consequences

Trauma to which site can result in a growth problem for children's long bones? a. Matrix b. Connective tissue c. Calcified cartilage d. Epiphyseal cartilage plate

d. Epiphyseal cartilage plate

The predominant characteristic of the intellectual development of the child ages 2 to 7 years is egocentricity. What best describes this concept? a. Selfishness b. Self-centeredness c. Preferring to play alone d. Inability to put self in another's place

d. Inability to put self in another's place

The stages of moral development that allow for prediction of behavior but not for individual differences are outlined in the moral development theory according to: a. Fowler. b. Holstein. c. Gilligan. d. Kohlberg.

d. Kohlberg.

The best-known theory regarding cognitive development was developed by: a. Sullivan. b. Kohlberg. c. Erikson. d. Piaget

d. Piaget

Which function of play is a major component of play at all ages? a. Creativity b. Socialization c. Intellectual development d. Sensorimotor activity

d. Sensorimotor activity

Body temperature in young children and infants responds to: a. crying. b. exercise. c. emotional upset. d. a, b, and c

d. a, b, and c