Peds Exam 2 - Book Questions, PPT Questions, Outline Highlights
When are blood lead level screenings recommended?
- 1 to 2 years - 3 to 6 years if not previously screened
A nurse is conducting a well-baby visit with a 4-month-old infant. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to the infant?
- Polio (IPV) - Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV) - Rotavirus vaccine (RV)
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 13-year old adolescent. Which of the following screenings should the nurse recommend for the adolescent?
- body mass index - weight - scoliosis
Cognitive Development of the School Age Child (6-12)
- decentering - accomodation - conservation - class inclusion
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following should the nurse include?
- develop food habits that will prevent dental caries - expression of bedtime fears is common - expect behaviors associated with negativism and ritualism
A nurse is conducting a well-child visit with a 5-year-old child. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse plan to administer to the child?
- diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP) - inactivated poliovirus (IPV) - measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
Secondary sex changes in girls
1. breast development 2. pubic hair growth 3. axillary hair growth 4. menstruation
When should a first dental visit with a dentist be?
12 months
Cathy, who is 3-years old, constantly asks questions. When teaching her father about communication skills in children of this age, the nurse should state that a child Cathy's age typically asks how many questions in a day?
300-400
When should a child be able to hop on one foot?
4-years old
How much does a girl typically grow during puberty?
5-20 cm (2-8 inches)
When should a child be able to jump rope?
5-years old
What is an endomorphic build?
a natural tendency to accumulate body fat
What is the leading cause of death in infants through late adolescents in the US?
accidents/unintentional injuries
What is the most common speech problem of school-age children?
articulation
Which body build in children makes it more likely to be obese at any time in life?
endomorphic
The nurse provides patient education to Jason's father who had asked if it is normal for his 2-year-old to spread his feet wide apart when he walks. Which of the following statements suggests that he received accurate teaching?
"A wide-spaced gait is a common characteristic of toddlers"
The parents of an adolescent boy are concerned about the amount of sleep he seems to require. What advice would you give them?
"As long as he seems otherwise well, this sounds like a typical teenager."
Beginning verbal communication is one of the most important tasks that infants need to achieve. The nurse teaches Bryan's mother that by 12 months of age he should display which characteristics?
"Children this age can usually say around two words, plus 'ma-ma' and 'da-da'."
Toddlers learn a great deal about oral communication in the course of their development. The nurse expects Jason, a 2-year old, to have mastered which statement?
"Daddy come" (two-word noun-verb sentences)
A nurse is providing teaching about expected changes during puberty in a group of parents of early adolescent girls. Which of the following statements by one of the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"Girls usually stop growing about 2 years after menarche"
A nurse is providing teaching about dental care and teeth cleaning to the parent of a 9-month-old infant. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I should clean my baby's teeth with a cool, wet washcloth"
A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a preschool-age child about methods to promote sleep. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will keep a dim lamp on in my child's room during the night."
A nurse is providing teaching about age-appropriate activities to the parent of a 2-year-old. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will send my child's favorite stuffed animal when she will be napping away from home."
A nurse is performing a developmental screening of a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following fine motor skills should the nurse expect the infant to perform?
- grasp a rattle by the handle - use a crude pincer grasp
How can Trust vs Mistrust development be achieved?
- met needs: meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, caring needs - routines: repetition - rituals: same thing every day, bedtime rituals, etc - consistent caregiver
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on an 18-month-old. Which of the following skills should the toddler be able to perform?
- throw a ball overhand - use a spoon without rotation
A nurse is conducting a well-child visit with a child who is scheduled to receive the recommended immunizations for 11- to 12-year olds. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse administer?
- trivalent inactivated influenza (TIV) - meningococcal (MCV4) - tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and pertussis (Tdap)
A nurse is teaching a course about safety during the school-age years to a group of parents. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the course?
- wearing helmets when riding bicycles or skateboarding - implementing firearm safety - wearing seat belts
Secondary sex changes in boys
1. testicular enlargement 2. pubic hair growth 3. facial hair growth 4. vocal changes
When is brain growth complete?
10-years old
When do infants lose their extrusion reflex?
3-4 months
What is the average annual weight gain for a school-age child?
3-5 lbs
when should a child be able to ride a tricycle?
3-years old
When should a child be able to throw a ball overhead?
4-years old
When should solid food begin?
6 months
How much weight does a girl gain during puberty?
7-25 kg (15.5-55 lbs)
When can an infant sit securely without an additional support?
8 months
When is it an appropriate activity to join an organized competitive sport?
9-12 years old
The nurse working with adolescents understands which to be the most widely used drug among adolescents?
Alcohol
Which patient education should the nurse provide a mother of a preschooler with broken fluency?
Allow the preschooler to have time to talk.
A nurse is caring for a preschool-age child who says she needs to leave the hospital because her doll is scared to be at home alone. Which of the following characteristics of preoperational thought is the child exhibiting?
Animism
A nurse is assessing a 12-month-old infant during a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
By the age of 12 months, the infant's birth weight should have tripled.
A 12-year-old recently began smoking cigarettes. What patient teaching should the nurse provide at a health maintenance visit?
Cigarette smoking is associated with long-term respiratory and cardiovascular effects.
A 10-year-old becomes very upset and expresses sympathy for his friend whose dog has just died. This kind of reaction is an indication that he has achieved which step in cognitive thought?
Decentering
A previously toilet trained 4-year-old child has many episodes of urinary incontinence while in the hospital for a fractured femur. Which of the following actions should the nurse implement?
Explain that children will usually quickly regain control over a previously mastered skill once home again.
A toddler seems unable to remain dry despite toilet training. Which patient teaching should be included in his plan of care?
He probably is not yet physically ready for toilet training.
A nurse is assessing a 2 1/2-year old toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Head circumference exceeds chest circumference
An infant's mother asks you, "When should I expect my daughter to begin to walk?" Which of the following is an appropriate response?
Most children walk around 12 months
When encouraging an adolescent who is hospitalized and physically challenged or chronically ill to develop and maintain a sense of identity, which is the best nursing action?
Providing the opportunity for individual decision making
A 4-year-old boy will not stop throwing sand at his sister. Which of the following punishments would be most effective with this child?
Sit him in "time-out" for 4 minutes.
You learn that a friend's 4-month-old son rolled of a changing table. Which of the following would you conclude from this?
The parents lacked knowledge of infant development.
You discover that an infant's mother is propping a bottle at bedtime to help her fall asleep. Which patient teaching would the nurse provide this mother?
This can promote tooth decay.
The parents of a 2-year-old child are concerned because their child's back seems curved. Which is the nurse's best response?
This is normal for this age.
A toddler's mother is concerned because her toddler takes her blanket everywhere. Which advice would be most appropriate for her regarding this?
Understand that this is probably a normal event.
An 8-year-old eats lunch daily in the school cafeteria. Which is the best way to feel assured that he will eat a balanced lunch daily?
Use visual aids to demonstrate appropriate food selections.
The nurse reviews infant safety with Bryan's mother. It is most important to teach his mother about preventing which common injuries among infants?
aspiration and falls
When should a child be able to walk up and down stairs by placing both feet on each step?
at age 2
When should a child be able to draw circles?
at age 2 1/2
A nurse is preparing an education program for a group of parents of preschool-age children about promoting optimum nutrition. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
average calories intake should be 1800 calories/day.
Cathy's (a 3-year old) father, a police detective, says that he and his wife wish to take measures to prevent Cathy from being kidnapped. What action should the nurse recommend to this family?
be certain Cathy understands not to leave daycare with anyone but her parents
What is the most common speech problem of the preschool years?
broken fluency
Cathy, who is 3-years old, keeps her entire family awake at night because she is afraid of the dark. The nurse teaches Cathy's parent to take which action to help overcome this fear?
buy a night-light for Cathy's room and inspect the room to be certain it appears safe
When do anterior fontanels close?
by 18 months
When do speech problems typically disappear?
by 3rd grade
The nurse is drafting an educational handout for parents of preschoolers that addresses the topic of sex education. What guideline should be included in this educational material?
describe some of the differences between boys and girls in clear and accurate terms
Lordosis
forward curvature of the spine, normal/natural in toddlers
A nurse is discussing prepubescence and preadolescence with a group of parents of school-age children. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?
growth differences between boys and girls become evident
Oedipus Complex
he strong emotional attachment a preschool boy demonstrates towards his mother
A nurse is providing education about introducing new foods to the parents of a 4-month-old infant. The nurse should recommend that the parents introduce which of the following foods first?
iron-fortified cereals
Why shouldn't toddlers watch TV?
it promotes little learning because the activity is passive and it is difficult to discern how language causes action
A nurse is providing education about age-appropriate activities for the parents of a 6-year old child. Which of the following activities should the nurse include in the teaching?
jumping rope
Todderhood is a critical time for...
language development
Children with a well-developed sense of initiative like to explore because they have discovered that...
learning new things is fun
According to Erikson, a sense of industry or accomplishment is the developmental task of the school-age period. When planning care, what would be the best activity to introduce to Shelly to help her achieve this?
locate small projects she could complete in 1 day and feel rewarded
The school-age period is the time when many young people begin smoking. To design interventions that are effective and patient-centered, the nurse should begin by acknowledging which of the following?
many people view smoking as being an "adult" activity
A 7 year old given up for adoption...
never developed trust vs mistrust
When does screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) occur?
newborns
What is a mesomorphic build?
normal
Why do toddlers become fussy eaters?
physiologic anorexia causes a decreased appetite
What is milaria?
prickly heat rash occurs most often in warm weather or when babies are overdressed or sleep in overheated rooms
When do girls typically develop breasts?
prior to menstruation, typically the first manifestation of sexual maturity
A nurse is caring for an adolescent whose mother expresses concerns about her child sleeping such long hours. Which of the following conditions should the nurse inform the mother as requiring additional sleep during adolescence?
rapid growth
A nurse is performing a developmental screening on a 3-year-old child. Which of the following skills should the nurse expect the child to perform?
ride a tricycle
What is an ectomorphic build?
slender
Cathy's (a 3-year old) family is expecting a new baby. When Cathy is visiting the birthing center, the nurse should promote which behavior as a means of fostering family bonding during this time of transition?
take action to help Cathy spend as much time with her mother and the infant as possible
A nurse is teaching a class about puberty in boys. Which of the following should the nurse include as the first manifestation of sexual maturation?
testicular enlargement
What is accommodation?
the ability to adapt thought processes to fit what is perceived such as understanding that there can be more than one reason for other people's actions
What is conservation?
the ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size
Whta is decentering?
the ability to project one's self into other people's situations and see the world from their viewpoint rather than focusing only on their own view
What is class inclusion?
the ability to understand that objects can belong to more than one classification (e.g.: color, shape, where found)
The nurse is discussing object permanence with Bryan's mother. Which actions by her infant best illustrates that he understands object permanence?
the child looks for the mother after she walks away
Electra Complex
the strong emotional attachment a preschool girl demonstrates towards her father
Which position should an infant be placed in to sleep?
their back
Why don't preschoolers need a lot of toys?
their imagination is keener than it will be at any other time in their life
What is magical thinking?
when a child believes their thoughts cause an event to occur
What is centration?
when the child focuses on one aspect of something instead of considering the whole
What is animism?
when the child gives living qualities to inanimate objects
What is egocentrism?
when the child is unable to see another person's perspective