Peds

Steps involved in the changes during puberty

1. Production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus 2. GnRH travels through a network of capillaries to the anterior pituitary gland & 3. Stimulates the production & secretion of follicle-stimulating (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH) 4. When levels of these hormones increase, they turn stimulate the gonadal response

When is the MMR vaccine given?

12-15 months then again at 4-6 years old

When is the rotovirus given?

2, 4, 6 months

When is the inactivated poliovirus vaccine given?

2, 4, 6-18 months, 4-6 years

By which age should hearing loss be detected to maximize the childs potential to achieve normal language development?

3 months

Preschoolers HR

80-110

Toddlers HR

90-140

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

A theory made up of sensorimotor period (newborn), preoperational period (child), concrete operations (children perform mental operations), and formal operations (end of cognitive development).

Which assessment finding would the nurse recognize as cmmon in infants w Down syndrome? Bulging fontanels Stiff lower extremities Abnormal heart sounds Unusual pupillary reactions

Abnormal heart sounds

Which source of stress would the nurse anticipate in a 4 y o? Attention COnfusion Stager anxiety Separation anxiety

Attention bc children in this age group like to talk & is frustrated if ignored or put off

Which birth factor places the neonate at risk for SIDS? Birth order Post maturity Multiple births Method of delivery Low APGAR scores

Birth order, Multiple births, low APGAR scores

When is the HepB vaccine given?

Birth, 1-2mo, 6-18mo

What are the similarities between a preschoolers & a toddler?

Both have similar dietary requirements & are eager to independently perform self care

Which clinical manifestation would cause the nurse to suspect that a todler-age client ingested corrosive agent such as bleach?

Drooling

Which are the leading causes of accidental death in infants under 1 year of age? Falls Drowning Aspiration Suffocation Motor vehicle-related injuries

Drowning, suffocation, motor vehicle-related injuries

Which is the PRIORITY nursing intervention to prevent thrombus formation in a child with sickle cell anemia? Encouraging fluids Encouraging bed rest Administering O2 Administering prescribed anticoagulants

Encouraging fluids - dehydration, stress, infection, and electrolyte imbalance can trigger the sickling process

Which type of fracture is common in preschool children? Greenstick Transverse Compound Comminuted

Greenstick

Which is an inborn error of metabolism that affects growth & development? Cystic fibrosis Achondroplasia Turner syndrome Hunter syndrome

Hunter syndrome results in altered physical appearance & impaired development

Surgical procedure involves urinary diversion in which ureters are transplanted to a resected section of the small intestines, with one end attached to the abdominal wall

Ileal conduit - creates a stoma on abdominal wall for drainage of urine

Which condition is commonly seen following infestation w pediculosis capitis (head lice)? Eczema Impetigo Cellulitis Folliculitis

Impetigo may develop as a secondary bacterial infection bc of breaks in the skin caused by scratching

Which condition is commonly seen in preschoolers? Impetigo Brochiolitis Mononucleosis Pyloric stenosis

Impetigo, a superficial skin condition, is common in preschoolers. Bronchiolitis & pyloric stenosis are most common in infants. Mononucleosis most often occurs in adolescents

An infant is found to have developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) 6 weeks after birth. The parents ask a nurse at the clinic why their infant must be restrained in a harness at such an early age. How should the nurse respond?

Infants hip joints are cartilaginous, allowing molding of the acetabulum

Which medication is used to treat acne vulgaris in adolescents but is contraindicated in pregnancy? Tretinoin Adapalene Isotretinion Benzoyl peroxide

Isotretinoin passes through the placental barrier & exhibits teratogenic effects so it is contraindicated in pregnancy

Which complication associated w Type 1 diabetes should the nurse include in the teaching plan for the parent of a newly diagnosed child? Obesity Ketoacidosis Resistence to tx Hypersensitivty to meds

Ketoacidosis is a complication of T1 Diabetes

Which action by an adolescent after the nurse teacher crutch-walking indicate the need for more teaching? Takes short steps of equal length Looks forward to maintain balance Looks down when placing the crutches Assumes an erect posture when walking

Looks down when placing the crutches - child should maintain erect walking posture, without looking down to ensure equilibrium & prevent loss of balance

The nurse on the pediatric unit is observing the developmental skills of several 2 year old children in the playroom? Which child would the nurse continue to evaluate? One who cannot stand on one foot One who builds a tower of 7 blocks One who exhibits echolalia when speaking One who colors outside the lines of a picture

One who exhibits echolalia when speaking (may be sign of autism, imitation of sounds begin around 6 months of age)

Which infant reflex would the nurse recognize as being present indefinitely? Landau Parachute Body righting Neck righting

Parachute reflex appears @ 7-9 moths & persists indefinitely

Which preferred medication of choice would be prescribed for the tx of syphilis in a pregnant adolescent? Pen G Doxycycline Tetracycline Erythromycin

Pen G

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Preconventional (Instrument relativist), Conventional (Society maintaining orientation), Postconventional (Social contract, Universal ethical principle)

Which statement is true regarding the physical development of a preschoolers? Children gain about 3 lbs per year Preschoolers grow 6.2-7.5 cm per year Preschoolers tripe their birth length by around 4 years The average weight of the child at 4 years is 32 lbs

Preschoolers grow 6.2-7.5 cm per year

Which developmental changes require the nurse's assessment in a 12 year old female? Motor skills Visual acuity Skeletal growth Hormonal changes

Skeletal growth - girls around the age of 12 may develop scoliosis

Which statement is true regarding the development of body image in preschoolers? They become conscious of their size They have well-defined body boundaries They are not likely to learn prejudices They reject the opinions of others regarding their own appearance

They become conscious of their size, by the age of 5 children compare their size with that of their peers & can become conscious of being different.

Which is true about the effect of grief & loss in toddlers? They show resilience after a loss They express a sense of change in sleeping They understand the concepts of permeance They get disrupted in developing autonomous sense of self

They express a sense of change in sleeping bc they cannot understand loss or death but express the sense of absence they feel w changes in eating & sleeping patterns or fussiness

Which birth factor places the neonate at risk for SIDS?

birth order, multiple births, low APGAR scores

What does the fourth Korotkoff sound represent?

diastolic pressure in toddlers

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

each stage builds on tasks of the previous stage, successful mastery leads to sense of self

What does the first Korotkoff sound represent?

systolic pressure