Penny Chapter 26: Fetal Spine and Musculoskeletal System Review Questions
the form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is
!!! b. autosomal dominant
the lemon sign denotes
a. an abnormal shape of the fetal skull
the thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the:
d. massa intermedia
all of the following are signs of Arnold-Chiari II malformation except: a. s-shaped spine b. banana sign c. lemon sign d. colpocephaly
a. s-shaped spine
all of the following are associated with spina bifida except: a. splaying of the laminae b. enlarged posterior fossa c. lemon sign d. banana sign
b. enlarged posterior fossa
sirenomelia is commonly referred to as:
c. mermaid syndrome
all of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: a. amputation of fetal parts b. anencephaly c. facial clefting d. synechiae
d. synechiae
all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except: a. closed defect b. elevated MSAFP c. sacral dimple d. hemangioma
!!! b. elevated MSAFP
the group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as:
!!! c. arnold-chiari II malformation
absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes
!!! c. phocomelia
what abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures?
!!! d. arthrogryposis
all of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: a. banana sign b. lemon sign c. enlarged massa intermedia d. normal MSAFP
!!! d. normal MSAFP
the artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as?
a. acoustic shadowing
in VACTERL associated, the letter "L" stands for:
a. limb
which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula b. the metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula c. the carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibular d. the tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur
a. the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula
a disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is
b. achondroplasia
the most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is
b. achondroplasia
an absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as
b. caudal regression syndrome
the condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx
b. caudal regression syndrome
all of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except: a. ventral wall defects b. decreased MSAFP c. marked scoliosis d. shortened umbilical cord
b. decreased MSAFP
the exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is
b. sandal gap
the abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as:
b. scoliosis
the abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as:
c. colpocephaly
what is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect?
c. folate
all of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: a. micromelia b. absent mineralization of the pelvis c. multiple dislocated joints d. polyhydramnios
c. multiple dislocated joints
absence of the radius is referred to as:
c. radial ray defect
rhizomelia denotes
c. shortening of the proximal segment of a limb
what condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities?
c. sirenomelia
what term is defined as fusion of the digits?
c. syndactyly
a protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is
d. AFP
achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: a. frontal bossing b. flattened nasal bridge c. trident hand d. absent mineralization of the skull
d. absent mineralization of the skull
the disorder associated with fetal amputations is:
d. amniotic band syndrome
in VACTERL associated, the letter "C" stands for
d. cardiac (Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, Tracheo-esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities)
what is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element?
d. hemivertebra
a bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of:
d. osteogenesis imperfecta
upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. this is sonographic evidence of:
d. osterogenesis imperfecta
sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. this mass could be all of the following except: a. SCT b. meningocele c. meningomyelocele d. phocomeningocele
d. phocomeningocele
a cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with:
d. thanatophoric dysplasia
talipes equinovarus is associated with
a. clubfoot
which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome?
b. preexisting maternal diabetes