Penny Chapter 32 - Fetal Environment and Maternal Complications

one of the most common causes of painless vaginal bleeding in the second and third trimesters is:

!!! c. placenta previa

all of the following are associated with oligohydramnios except: a. bilateral renal agenesis b. infantile polycystic kidney disease c. premature rupture of membranes d. duodenal atresia

!!! d. duodenal atresia

evidence of polyhydramnios should warrant a careful investigation of the fetal:

!!! b. gastrointestinal system

all of the following are associated with a thin placenta except: a. preelampsia b. IUGR c. fetal hydrops d long-standing diabetes

!!! c. fetal hydrops

the placenta releases _____ to maintain the corpus luteum:

a. human chorionic gonadotropin

the most common placental tumor is the:

c. chorioangioma

the maternal contribution to the placenta is the:

c. decidua basalis

insertion of the umbilical cord at the edge of the placenta is referred to as:

c. marginal cord insertion

what would be most likely confused for a uterine leiomyoma? a. placental infarct b. chorioangioma c. myometrial contraction d. placenta previa

c. myometrial contraction

all of the following are associated with a thick placenta except: a. fetal infections b. Rh isoimmunization c. placental insufficiency d. multiple gestations

c. placental insufficiency

IUGR is evident when the EFW is:

d. below the 10th percentile

the fetal contribution of the placenta is the:

d. chorion frondosum

the abnormal insertion of the umbilical cord into the membranes beyond the placental edge is termed:

d. velamentous insertion

nonimmune hydrops is associated with all of the following except: a. RH isoimmunization b. pleural effusion c. Turner syndrome d. fetal infections

!!! a. RH isoimmunization

the measurement that should be carefully scrutinized in cases of IUGR is the:

a. AC

the normal umbilical cord insertion point into the placenta is:

a. central

which of the following is described as the situation in which the placental edge extends into the lower uterine segment but ends more than 2 cm away from the internal os? a. low-lying placenta b. marginal previa c. partial previa d. total previa

a. low-lying placenta

mothers with pregestational diabetes, as opposed to gestational diabetes, have an increased risk of a fetus with:

a. neural tube defects

pregnancy-induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks' gestation is termed:

a. preeclampsia

placenta accrete denotes:

a. the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium

Doppler sonography reveals vascular structures coursing over the internal os of the cervix. this finding is indicative of:

a. vasa previa

the placenta is considered too thick when it measures:

b. >4 cm

normally, the S/D ratio: a. increases with advancing gestation b. decreases with advancing gestation c. reverses occasionally during a normal pregnancy d. has an absent diastolic component

b. decreases with advancing gestation

which of the following would increase the likelihood of developing placenta previa? a. vaginal bleeding b. previous cesarean section c. corpus albicans d. chorioangioma

b. previous cesarean section

with Rh isoimmunization, the maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the fetal:

b. red blood cells

the cervix should measure at least ____ in length:

c. 3 cm

increased S/D ratio is associated with all of the following except: a. IUGR b. placental insufficiency c. Allantoic cysts d. perinatal mortality

c. Allantoic cysts

a succenturiate lobe of the placenta refers to a:

c. accessory lobe

Doppler assessment of the middle cerebral artery: a. helps to determine whether fetal anorexia is occurring b. is valuable in diagnosing the extent of ventriculomegaly c. can evaluate the fetus for hypoxia d. is important to determine whether TORCH complications are present

c. can evaluate the fetus for hypoxia

fetal TORCH is frequently associated with: a. maternal hypertension b. twin-twin transfusion syndrome c. intracranial calcifications d. renal cystic disease

c. intracranial calcifications

a velamentous cord insertion is associated with which of the following: a. placenta increta b. placental abruption c. vasa previa d. circumvallate placenta

c. vasa previa

an anechoic mass is noted within the umbilical cord during a routine sonographic examination. what is the most likely diagnosis?

d. Allantoic cyst

all of the following are associated with polyhydramnios except: a. omphalocele b. gastroschisis c. esophageal atresia d. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

d. bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

all of the following are clinical features of placental abruption except: a. vaginal bleeding b. uterine tenderness c. abdominal pain d. funneling of the cervix

d. funneling of the cervix

which of the following would be least likely associated with immune hydrops? a. fetal hepatomegaly b fetal splenomegaly c. anasarca d. leiomyoma

d. leiomyoma

mothers with gestational diabetes run the risk of having fetuses that are considered:

d. macrosomic

pools of maternal blood noted within the placental substance are referred to as:

d. maternal lakes

penetration of the placenta beyond the uterine wall would be referred to as:

d. placenta percreta

when the placenta completely covers the internal os, it is referred to as:

d. total previa

the normal umbilical cord has ____ vein(s) and ____ artery(s):

d. two arteries and one vein