Penny OB - CH 26

A protein produced by the yolk sac and fetal liver that is found in excess in the maternal circulation in the presence of a neural tube defect is: a. folate. b. hCG. c. Estriol. d. AFP.

AFP

38. The group of fetal head and brain abnormalities that often coexists with spina bifida is referred to as: a. Dandy-Walker malformation. b. Budd-Chiari syndrome. c. Arnold-Chiari II malformation. d. amniotic band syndrome.

Arnold Chiari II malformation

What term is defined as fusion of the digits? a. Clinodactyly b. Polydactyly c. Syndactyly d. Rhizodactyly

syndactyly

All of the following are associated with amniotic band syndrome except: a. amputation of fetal parts. b. anencephaly. c. facial clefting. d. synechiae.

synechiae

What is the term for clubhand? a. Sirenomelia b. Talipomanus c. Syndactyly d. Rhizomelia

talipomanus

Achondroplasia is associated with all of the following except: a. frontal bossing. b. flattened nasal bridge. c. trident hand. d. absent mineralization of the skull.

absent mineralization of the skull

36. A disorder that results in abnormal bone growth and dwarfism is: a. osteogenesis imperfecta. b. achondroplasia. c. radial ray defect. d. caudal regression syndrome.

achondroplasia

The most common nonlethal skeletal dysplasia is: a. achondrogenesis. b. achondroplasia. c. thanatophoric dysplasia. d. osteogenesis imperfecta.

achondroplasia

The artifact seen posterior to solid structures such as fetal bone is referred to as: a. acoustic shadowing. b. posterior enhancement. c. reverberation artifact. d. edge artifact.

acoustic shadowing

The disorder associated with fetal amputations is: a. achondroplasia. b. osteogenesis imperfecta. c. thanatophoric dysplasia. d. amniotic band syndrome.

amniotic band syndrome

34. The lemon sign denotes: a. an abnormal shape of the fetal skull. b. a normal shape of the cerebellum. c. an abnormal shape of the cerebellum. d. a normal shape of the fetal skull.

an abnormal shape of the fetal skull

What is the term for absence of a foot? a. Amelia b. Acheiria c. Apodia d. Arthrogryposis

apodia

What abnormality results in limitation of the fetal limbs as a result of joint contractures? a. Acromegaly b. Radial ray defect c. Achondrogenesis d. Arthrogryposis

arthrogryposis

31. In VACTERL association, the letter "C" stands for: a. cerebellar. b. C-spine. c. cranial. d. cardiac.

cardiac

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as: a. sirenomelia. b. caudal regression syndrome. c. achondroplasia. d. radial ray defect.

caudal regression syndrome

The condition associated with the absence of the sacrum and coccyx: a. limb-body wall complex. b. caudal regression syndrome. c. thanatophoric dwarfism. d. heterozygous achondroplasia.

caudal regression syndrome

22. Talipes equinovarus is associated with: a. clubfoot. b. syndactyly. c. rhizomelia. d. rocker-bottom feet.

clubfoot

29. The abnormal lateral ventricle shape in which there is a small frontal horn and enlarged occipital horn is referred to as: a. cebocephaly. b. banana sign. c. colpocephaly. d. cephalocele.

colpocephaly

35. All of the following are clinical or sonographic findings consistent with LBWC except: a. ventral wall defects. b. decreased MSAFP. c. marked scoliosis. d. shortened umbilical cord.

decreased MSAFP

All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida occulta except: a. closed defect. b. elevated MSAFP. c. sacral dimple. d. hemangioma.

elevated MSAFP

32. All of the following are associated with spina bifida except: a. splaying of the laminae. b. enlarged posterior fossa. c. lemon sign. d. banana sign.

enlarged posterior fossa

21. What is the maternal dietary supplement that has been shown to significantly reduce the likelihood of the fetus suffering from a neural tube defect? a. AFP b. Estriol c. Folate d. Pregnancy protein A

folate

Acheiria is absence of the: a. hand. b. foot. c. elbow. d. knee.

hand

What is the term defined as the absence of part of an extremity distal to the elbow or knee? a. Phocomelia b. Amelia c. Acromelia d. Hemimelia

hemimelia

The form of inheritance in which at least one parent has to be a carrier of an abnormal gene for it to be passed to the fetus is: a. autosomal recessive. b. autosomal dominant. c. inherited dominant. d. inherited recessive.

inherited dominant

What is the anomaly of the spine in which there is absence of all or part of a vertebral body and posterior element? a. Kyphosis b. Scoliosis c. Kyphoscoliosis d. Hemivertebra

kyphoscoliosis

The radius is located on what side of the forearm? a. Medial b. Lateral

lateral

In VACTERL association, the letter "L" stands for: a. limb. b. lung. c. liver. d. larynx.

limb

The thalamic tissue located within the third ventricle of the brain that can become enlarged with Arnold-Chiari II malformation is the: a. corpus callosum. b. cerebellar vermis. c. cavum septum pellucidum. d. massa intermedia.

massa intermedia

The brain and spinal cord are covered by the: a. meninges. b. ependyma. c. neural tube. d. myelocele.

meninges

Sirenomelia is commonly referred to as: a. radial ray defect. b. rhizomelia. c. mermaid syndrome. d. rocker-bottom feet.

mermaid syndrome

All of the following are characteristic sonographic findings of achondrogenesis except: a. micromelia. b. absent mineralization of the pelvis. c. multiple dislocated joints. d. polyhydramnios.

multiple dislocated joints

30. All of the following are characteristics of spina bifida cystica except: a. banana sign. b. lemon sign. c. enlarged massa intermedia. d. normal MSAFP.

normal MSAFP

A bell-shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of: a. thanatophoric dysplasia. b. caudal regression syndrome. c. achondrogenesis. d. osteogenesis imperfecta.

osteogenesis imperfecta

Upon sonographic interrogation of a 28-week pregnancy, you note that when pressure is applied to the fetal skull, the skull can be easily distorted. This is sonographic evidence of: a. Arnold-Chiari II malformation. b. achondroplasia. c. thanatophoric dysplasia. d. osteogenesis imperfecta.

osteogenesis imperfecta

Absent long bones with the hands and feet arising from the shoulders and hips describes: a. micromelia. b. mesomelia. c. phocomelia. d. arthrogryposis.

phocomelia

Sonographically, you visualize a mass extending from the distal spine of a fetus. This mass could be all of the following except: a. SCT. b. meningocele. c. meningomyelocele. d. phocomeningocele

phocomeningocele

37. Which of the following would increase the likelihood of a fetus developing sirenomelia and caudal regression syndrome? a. Previous cesarean section b. Preexisting maternal diabetes c. Previous ectopic pregnancy d. Elevated hCG

preexisting maternal diabetes

Absence of the radius is referred to as: a. talipes equinovarus. b. clubfoot. c. radial ray defect. d. phocomelia.

radial ray defect

Which condition is often associated with heterozygous achondroplasia? a. Oligodactyly b. Mesomelia c. Rhizomelia d. Phocomelia

rhizomelia

Sonographically, you note that the fetal foot has a curved shape of the sole. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Rocker-bottom foot b. Sirenomelia c. Micromelia d. Amelia

rocker-bottom foot

The exaggerated distance between the first toe and the second toe is: a. trident toes. b. sandal gap. c. phocomelia. d. mesomelia.

sandal gap

33. The abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as: a. kyphosis. b. scoliosis. c. splaying. d. achondroplasia.

scoliosis

Rhizomelia denotes: a. long upper extremities. b. shortening of an entire limb. c. shortening of the proximal segment of a limb. d. shortening of the distal segment of a limb.

shortening of the proximal segment of a limb

What condition is associated with bilateral renal agenesis, oligohydramnios, and fusion of the lower extremities? a. SCT b. Caudal displacement syndrome c. Sirenomelia d. Osteogenesis imperfect

sirenomelia

A cloverleaf skull and hydrocephalus is seen with: a. achondrogenesis. b. osteogenesis imperfecta. c. sirenomelia. d. thanatophoric dysplasia.

thanatophoric dysplasia

Which of the following is true for the diagnosis of clubfoot? a. The metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. b. The metatarsals are perpendicular to the tibia and fibula. c. The carpals and metacarpals lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula. d. The tibia, fibula, and patella are perpendicular to the femur

the metatarsals and toes lie in the same plane as the tibia and fibula

What is the larger bone of the lower leg? a. Tibia b. Fibula

tibia

the neural process of the spine will become all of the following except: a. lamina. b. pedicle. c. vertebral body. d. spinous process.

vertebral body