Penny Q's - Musculoskeletal Imaging, Breast, and Superficial Structures

Inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy is referred to as: -Puerperal mastitis -Retromammary mastitis -Chronic mastitis -Emphysematous mastitis

Puerperal mastitis

What test can be performed to determine a torn Achilles tendon? -McBurney test -McDonald test -Thompson test -Baker test

Thompson test

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of: -Hyperemic flow -Tendosynovitis -Cartilaginous inflammation -Cartilaginous extension

Tendosynovitis

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as: -Tendosynovitis -Tendonitis -Cellulitis -Pannus

Tendosynovitis

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat? -Hemangioma -Lipoma -Hamartoma -Oncocytoma

Lipoma

Clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except: -Itching in the area of the tendon -Pain -Edema -The area is warm to touch

Itching in the area of the tendon

A 6-year-old female patient presents to the sonography dept for a hip sonogram with irritability, unwillingness to walk, and low-grade fever. Sonographically, you visualize a hypoechoic flid collection that elevates the joint capsule. What is the most likely diagnosis? -Developmental hip dysplasia -Subluxation -Joint effusion -Hip dislocation

Joint effusion

A patient presents with a palpable, oozing mass at the level of the natal cleft. What is the most likely etiology of this mass? -Pannus cyst -Epidermoid -Hemangioma -Pilonidal cyst

Pilonidal cyst

In what position should the patient be placed to better evaluate the Achilles tendon? -Prone -Supine -RLD -LLD

Prone

Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is referred to as: -Mirror image artifact -Indirect artifact -Reflective shadowing -Refractive shadowing

Refractive shadowing

A patient presents to the sonography dept with a history of cellulitis on his abdomen. The patient has fever, edema, and complains of focal tenderness in a specific region affected by the cellulitis. Sonographically, you identify a localized complex collection of fluid. What is the most likely diagnosis? -Superficial hemangioma -Subcutaneous carcinoma -Mastitis -Superficial abscess

Superficial abscess

A standoff pad is most useful in imaging: -Deep structures that produce acoustic enhancement -Deep structures that produce acoustic shadowing -Structures that produce refractive shadowing -Superficial structures

Superficial structures

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an Achilles tendon except: -The patient lies prone, with his or her feet hanging off the end of the bed -Both the symptomatic and asymptomatic Achilles tendons should be scanned for comparison -The entire tendons should be evaluated in sagittal and transverse scan planes -The patient is scanned standing, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

The patient is scanned standing, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? -The patient lies prone and performs plantarflexion -The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed -The patient lies supine and performs plantarflexion -The patient lies prone and performs dorsiflexion

The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

Which of the following is true about patients with a lipoma? -They often complain of pain in the area of the mass -They are often obese -They are only slightly tender in the area of the mass -They feel no pain in the area of the mass

They feel no pain in the area of the mass

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except: -A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals -Ganglion cysts typically appear sonographically as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement -Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to touch and painful -Ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroids

A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the superior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the tarsals

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a: -Hemangioma -Lipoma -Baker cyst -Ganglion cyst

Baker cyst

Which of the following transducers would be best suited to sonographically assess for a splinter in a patient's hand? -High-frequency linear array transducer -Low-frequency curved array transducer -High-frequency sector transducer -Low-frequency linear array transducer

High-frequency linear array transducer

Sonographically, normal muscle appears as: -Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands -Complex tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands -Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands -Echogenic tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands

Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

Which of the following best describes the most common sonographic appearance of gynecomastia? -Hypoechoic, retroareolar mass -Hyperechoic, exophytic mass -Anechoic, retroareolar mass -Hyperechoic, areolar mass

Hypoechoic, retroareolar mass

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a: -Baker cyst -Thompson cyst -Ganglion cyst -Lipoma

Baker cyst

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels? -Hemangioma -Lipoma -Hamartoma -Oncocytoma

Hemangioma

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed: -Ascites -Retroperitoneal fibrosis -Cellulitis -Subcutaneous edema

Cellulitis

Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects may cause: -Acoustic enhancement -Comet-tail artifact -Edge enhancement -Mirror image artifact

Comet-tail artifact

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a/an: -Arteriovenous malformation -Deep venous thrombosis -Knee fracture -Ganglion cyst

Deep venous thrombosis

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object? -Fluid -Enhancement -Dust -Air

Air

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: -Hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue -Isoechoic to the surrounding tissues -Hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue -Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

Tendons sonographically appear as: -Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone -Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting bone to bone -Hypoechoic, linear arrangements within hyperechoic tissue -Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone

A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as: -Focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon -A focal echogenic area within the tendon -A diffusely heterogeneous area within the tendon -Edema and refractive shadowing in the area of the divided tendon

Focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the: -Baker cyst -Thompson cyst -Ganglion cyst -Lipoma

Ganglion cyst

Which of the following is also referred to as a Bible bump? -Ganglion cyst -Superficial endodermal cyst -Superficial epidermal cyst -Epidermoid

Ganglion cyst

Which of the following techniques is used to measure the relationship of the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angles? -Graf -Ortolani -Barlow -Thompson

Graf

The Achilles tendon connects the: -Ankle to the knee -Heel to the ankle -Heel to the calf muscle -Knee to the calf muscle

Heel to the calf muscle

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of: -Malignancy -Benignancy -Inflammation -Rupture

Inflammation

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? -The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon -The calf is squeezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon -The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon -The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should not plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon

The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon

What is the most likely cause of a hip joint effusion in infants? -Tendonitis -Bursitis -Developmental hip dysplasia -Transient synovitis

Transient synovitis

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: -Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic -A linear array transducer should be used -Most foreign bodies are better visualized using a standoff pad -Comet-tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

Which of the following is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip? -Graf -Ortolani -Barlow -Thompson

Ortolani

A complicated Baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as: -Pannus -Plicae -Septation -Lipoma

Pannus

Subluxation denotes: -Synovial joint obstruction -Partial hip dislocation -Rupture of the bursa -Inflammation of the acetabulum

Partial hip dislocation