Period 2 Quiz

The New England colonies, initially settled by Puritans, developed around small towns with family farms and achieved a thriving mixed economy of agriculture and commerce.

-centered around church -50 families = school grew corn, beans because climate and rocky terrain did not allow for plaintations found in south

An Atlantic economy developed in which goods, as well as enslaved Africans and American Indians, were exchanged between Europe, Africa, and the Americas through extensive trade networks. European colonial economies focused on acquiring, producing, and exporting commodities that were valued in Europe and gaining new sources of labor.

-continuation of columbian exchange -mercantilism- goods that were valued in Europe were exported from the colonies to "mother country" (fur)

The goals and interests of European leaders and colonists at times diverged, leading to a growing mistrust on both sides of the Atlantic. Colonists, especially in British North America, expressed dissatisfaction over issues including territorial settlements, frontier defense, self-rule, and trade.

-distrust between colonies and Britain -colonists found loopholes in British mercantilist trade laws -frotier protection (bacons rebellion) need for expansion brit says no (proclamation line 1773)

Spanish efforts to extract wealth from the land led them to develop institutions based on subjugating native populations, converting them to Christianity, and incorporating them, along with enslaved and free Africans, into the Spanish colonial society.

-encomienda system

Distance and Britain's initially lax attention led to the colonies creating self-governing institutions that were unusually democratic for the era. The New England colonies based power in participatory town meetings, which in turn elected members to their colonial legislatures; in the Southern colonies, elite planters exercised local authority and also dominated the elected assemblies.

-house of burgesses: first legislative assembly in American colonies; first met at Jamestown; plantation owners on assembly typically

The colonies of the southernmost Atlantic coast and the British West Indies used long growing seasons to develop plantation economies based on exporting staple crops. They depended on the labor of enslaved Africans, who often constituted the majority of the population in these areas and developed their own forms of cultural and religious autonomy.

-large crops were rice, indigo, and cotton -white laborers did not want to work in fields for long hours, led to slavery, led to creation of slave codes (Barbados slave codes) (gave lave owners lots of power)

The middle colonies supported a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops and attracted a broad range of European migrants, leading to societies with greater cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity and tolerance.

-most diverse demographically, religiously, and ethnically -quakers (pennsly) gave women an unusual amount of rights for the time

French and Dutch colonial efforts involved relatively few Europeans and relied on trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to build economic and diplomatic relationships and acquire furs and other products for export to Europe.

French - intermarried and built trading partnerships with natives; (couriers de bois) would live among natives -duth built extensive trader routes (NY)

The Chesapeake and North Carolina colonies grew prosperous exporting tobacco - a labor-intensive product initially cultivated by white, mostly male indentured servants and later by enslaved Africans.

bacons rebellion

Continuing trade with Europeans increased the flow of goods in and out of American Indian communities, stimulating cultural and economic changes and spreading epidemic diseases that caused radical demographic shifts.

beaver wars; fought by tribes and Iroquois confederation to maintain control over fur trade

The presence of different European religious and ethnic groups contributed to a significant degree of pluralism and intellectual exchange, which were later enhanced by the First Great Awakening and the spread of European Enlightenment ideas.

first great awakening:

British conflicts with American Indians over land, resources, and political boundaries led to military confrontations, such as Metacom's War (King Philip's War) in New England.

king Philips war- last major effort by natives to push colonists out (followed collapse of trade partnerships and aggressive expansion of colonists)

Interactions between European rivals and American Indian populations fostered both accommodation and conflict. French, Dutch, British, and Spanish colonies allied with and armed American Indian groups, who frequently sought alliances with Europeans against other Indian groups.

pequot war: armed conflict between "" and an alliance of English colonists French and Indian war: native Americans forced to take sides as British tried to drove French out of north america

American Indian resistance to Spanish colonizing efforts in North America, particularly after the Pueblo Revolt, led to Spanish accommodation of some aspects of American Indian culture in the Southwest.

pueblo revolt: uprising of pueblo people against spanish colonizers in Santa Fe de nuevo Mexico -spain gained control again but now became more tolerant of natives American culture

English colonization efforts attracted a comparatively large number of male and female Brit1ish migrants, all of whom sought social mobility, economic prosperity, religious freedom, and improved living conditions. These colonists focused on agriculture and settled on land taken from Native Americans, from whom they lived separately.

puritans - wanted to practice religious freedom and not be persecuted and also wanted better living conditions