Periodic Table

Group 18: Nobel Gases

It has Eight valence electrons in outer orbital, it is not very reactive .( Noble Gases are used in Neon Lights,strobe lights, and in lights on airport runways.)

Group 15: Nitrogen Group

It has Five valence electrons in outer orbital, so it is more reactive than group 14.It also contains two nonmetals,Two metalloids, and one metal. (Nitrogen is a nonmetal gas that comprises about 80% of air.)

Group 14:The Carbon Family

It has Four valence electrons in outer orbital, it is not very reactive due to energy necessary to gain or lose four electrons. consists of one nonmetal, two metalloids, and two metals.

Group 17: Halogen Group

It has Seven valence electrons in outer orbital, so it is very reactive. The reactivity increases towards the top of the group. elements are all non-metals that form salts with alkali metals. Halogen means "salt former."

Group 16: Oxygen Group

It has Six valence electrons in outer orbital, so it is more reactive than group 15, but less reactive than group 17. It contains three nonmetals and two metalloids. Oxygen is a nonmetal gas that comprises about 20% of the air.

Group 13:The Boron family

It has three valence electrons in outer orbital, it is even less reactive than group 1 and 2.It is consist of one metalloid and four metals. And Boron is a brittle black Metalloid.

Group 13-18

On the Period Table that the elements in Groups 13-18 are not all solid metals like in group 1 and 2. In fact a single group can contain metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, and have members that are solids, liquids, and gases

Actinide

Are Inner Transition Elements in group 3-12. All are radioactive

Lanthanide

Are Inner Transition Elements in group 3-12.Very soft... May be cut with a knife and difficult to separate from other elements (like Play-doh)

Nonmetals

are usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Transition Elements

Are elements in group 3-12 of the Periodic Table...Number of valence electrons in outer orbital that varies.All are metals, in group 3-12. They are solids that are malleable, ductile, and conduct electricity and heat.Most have higher melting points than representative elements

Two major groups of Elements

Are the Representative elements and transition elements.

Group

con-column contains elements that have a similar physical or chemical properties.

Dmitri Mendeleev

Dmitri Mendeleev developed first periodic table where elements were arranged according to increasing atomic mass. Spaces in table due to unknown elements predicted by Mendeleev.

Element Key

Elements are arranged by groups and periods. Element keys can be colored based on metal, metalloid, and nonmetal to classify the elements. Element keys may also note if element is a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature.Groups are vertical and elements have the same number of valence electrons in the outer orbital. Periods are horizontal and elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (the number of protons.)

Alkali Metals

Elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table... silvery solids with low densities and low melting points. Highly reactive due to presence of one valence electron.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Elements in Group 2 of the Periodic Table... Denser, harder, with a higher melting point than Group 1 elements, less reactive than Group 1 due to presence of 2 valence electrons

Ammonia

Is a gas that contains nitrogen and hydrogen.

Catalyst

Is a substance that can make something happen faster but is not change itself.

Metal

Is an element that has a luster, is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is malleable, and is ductile.

Metalloid

Is an element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmetals.

Semiconductor

It doesn't conduct electricity as well as a metal, but does conduct electricity better than a nonmetal.

Representative elements

The Periodic Table can be divided into sections. One section consist of the first two groups, (group 1 and 2) and the elements in group 13-18. The eight group are the representatives elements.

The Iron Triad

Three elements in Period 4 - iron, cobalt, and nickel- have such properties that they are known as the iron triad.

Period

is a row of elements in the Periodic table whose chemical and physical properties change gradually and predictably.