Personality - Week 1

Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/ psychotherapy is true? Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional organizations. There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society. Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models. Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are "wrong."

There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society.

Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/ psychotherapy is true? There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society. Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional organizations. Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are "wrong." Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models.

There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society.

You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as: a response consistent with his or her cultural context. a manifestation of uncooperative behavior. resistance. a clear sign that counseling will not work.

a response consistent with his or her cultural context.

Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be harboring anger towards women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged him to seek personal counseling to work through his issues. They are: acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients. being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should offer to provide counseling to him and not refer him to a professional outside of the agency. overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to counseling. unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a therapist and already knows how to deal with his problems.

acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients.

Which of the following is not an issue that Stan struggles with? aggressive outbursts substance use lacking a sense of direction and meaning in his life fear of being alone fear of intimate relationships with women

aggressive outbursts

According to the text, research shows that counselor values influence: therapy goals. assessment strategies. treatment outcome. all of these none of these

all of these

Clients have a right to be informed about: the general goals of counseling. their therapist's qualifications. the approximate length of the therapeutic process. all of these

all of these

Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when: a child under the age of 16 is the victim of incest, rape, or child abuse. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization. an older adult is being abused. clients pose a danger to others. all of these

all of these

In working with culturally diverse clients, it helps to understand and assess: the attitudes these clients have about seeking counseling for their personal problems. the degree of acculturation that has taken place. the messages they received from their culture about asking for professional help. what these clients expect from counseling. all of these

all of these

It is especially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to: examine their own assumptions about cultural values. have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility. consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate. be aware of their own cultural heritage. all of these

all of these

Personal therapy for therapists can be instrumental in assisting them: to work through their own personal conflicts. to understand their own needs and motives for choosing to become professional helpers. to gain an experiential sense of what it is like to be a client. to heal their own psychological wounds. all of these

all of these

Under what circumstances should a therapist consult with colleagues or specialists? when a client complains of physical symptoms when facing an ethical problem when working with a client for an extended period of time and losing objectivity all of these

all of these

Assessment is a useful method of: involving the client as an active participant in treatment. gaining insight into the client's subjective world. evaluating a client's current level of functioning. forming a case conceptualization. all of these.

all of these.

Privileged communication does not apply to family therapy child and adolescent therapy couples counseling group counseling all of these.

all of these.

Both feminist therapists and postmodern therapists tend to view diagnosis as it is traditionally done: as generally helpful to women clients. as often oppressive and ignoring of societal contexts. as an appropriate part of counseling sessions. as an essential part of the medical model they follow.

as often oppressive and ignoring of societal contexts.

With regard to the role of counselors' personal values in therapy, it is appropriate for counselors to: teach and persuade clients to act the right way. avoid the imposition of their values, yet expose their values to clients. maintain an indifferent, neutral, and passive role by simply listening to everything the client reports. avoid challenging the values of clients.

avoid the imposition of their values, yet expose their values to clients.

According to the text, positive ethics is a practice in which counselors: base their ethical decisions on what is best for their clients rather than minimum standards of care. strive for the highest level of ethical practice. strictly adhere to lengthy ethics codes, even if this is not in the client's best interest. do what is mandated by professional standards.

base their ethical decisions on what is best for their clients rather than minimum standards of care.

Evidenced-based practices are not: based on psychodynamic principles. tailored to address specific problems and symptoms. generally time limited. founded on empirical research.

based on psychodynamic principles.

Which of the following is not considered an essential skill of an effective culturally competent counselor? being able to modify techniques to accommodate cultural differences being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly re-experience early childhood events being able to send and receive both verbal and nonverbal messages accurately assuming the role of consultant and change agent

being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly re-experience early childhood events

An authentic counselor is best described as: being willing to be totally open and self-disclosing. being a technical expert who is committed to objectivity. being willing to shed stereotyped roles and being a real person. having the highest regard for all clients.

being willing to shed stereotyped roles and being a real person.

The____ factors —the alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extra-therapeutic factors—are the primary determinants of therapeutic outcome. contextual logistical technical psychodynamic

contextual

In the text, all of the following are listed as characteristics of the counselor as a therapeutic person except: counselors appreciate the influence of culture. counselors feel alive and their choices are life-oriented. counselors no longer have to cope with personal problems. counselors have a sense of humor. counselors make mistakes and they are willing to admit them.

counselors no longer have to cope with personal problems.

What type of factors oftentimes limit our freedom of choice? social biological environmental cultural all of these

cultural

Culturally encapsulated counselors would be most likely to: depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people. accept clients who have a different set of assumptions about life. recognize the cultural dimensions their clients bring to therapy. have an appreciation for a multicultural perspective in their counseling practice.

depend entirely on their own internalized value assumptions about what is good for people.

During her sessions, Justine questions whether she is trying to meet her clients' needs or her own needs. Justine is: self-absorbed and insecure. engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-assessment as a professional. behaving unethically since she is preoccupied during her clients' sessions. being overly analytical.

engaging in meaningful self-reflection and self-assessment as a professional.

Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies? cognitive therapy existential therapy reality therapy behavior therapy rational emotive behavior therapy

existential therapy

Which one of the following is not considered an experiential and relationship-oriented therapy? Gestalt therapy existential approach person-centered approach family systems therapy

family systems therapy

A comprehensive approach to counseling: goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us. focuses primarily on the therapist's internal reactions to the client's behavior. focuses only on systemic factors. focuses almost exclusively on the client's internal dynamics.

goes beyond focusing on our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us.

The author makes a case for: initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach. the reader to choose the approach to which s/he subscribes. learning the theories of counseling only after starting to work with clients in order to make the theories more relevant. delving deeply into one approach initially and then taking a superficial look at other theoretical models.

initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations, and then delving more deeply into each approach.

Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally competent counselor? being aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from making full use of counseling services in the community being aware of culture-specific methods of helping understanding the impact of oppression and racist concepts knowing how to analyze transference reactions

knowing how to analyze transference reactions

In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to: identify a specific ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas. discover the correct solution for every ethical dilemma that might arise. avoid making any mistakes in counseling practice. learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma. learn how to arrive at clear-cut answers for difficult situations.

learn how to interpret and apply ethical codes to an ethical dilemma.

In the text, the main reason given for having counseling students receive some form of psychotherapy is to help them: become self-actualized individuals. work through early childhood trauma. learn to deal with countertransference. recognize and resolve their co-dependent tendencies.

learn to deal with countertransference.

Synthesizing the approaches covered in the text: rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal. can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course. is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one's graduate program. often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience.

often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience.

Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis? family systems therapy cognitive therapy Adlerian therapy person-centered therapy reality therapy

person-centered therapy

Which humanistic approach emphasizes the basic attitudes of the therapist as the core of the therapeutic process? person-centered therapy psychoanalytic therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy Adlerian therapy family therapy

person-centered therapy

Many ethical codes state that dual or multiple relationships: always result in serious harm to the client. should be avoided whenever possible. are helpful in case of counseling one's friends or relatives. are clearly grounds for revocation of one's professional license. are impossible to avoid.

should be avoided whenever possible.

According to the text, the challenge of providing informed consent consists of: getting clients to read the ethical codes of the profession. telling clients about the nature of confidentiality. teaching clients about state laws that pertain to counseling. convincing clients that counselors know what they are doing. striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process.

striking a balance between giving clients too much and too little information about the therapeutic process.

Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which: the client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy. the therapist solves problems for clients. the therapist is merely a skilled technician. the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.

the client and therapist collaborate in co-constructing solutions to problems.

Clients place more value on ____than on ____ the therapist's theoretical orientation; the quality of the services being provided. the personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used. the specific techniques used; the personality of the therapist. the aesthetics of the therapeutic setting; the personality of the therapist.

the personality of the therapist; the specific techniques used.

Regarding psychotherapy treatment outcome, research suggests all of the following except: therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment both the therapy methods and the therapy relationship make contributions to treatment outcome. the therapist as a person is an integral part of successful treatment. the therapeutic relationship is an essential component of effective treatment.

therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment

The author describes the characteristics of an effective counselor. By including this information in the chapter, he is hoping to convey the message that: if you do not possess all of these characteristics, you are doomed to fail in the helping professions. deficits in these qualities almost always require years of psychoanalysis. you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth. those who possess all of these qualities can bypass the requirement to participate in clinical supervision.

you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth.

Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe is what the counseling profession endorses at present. is likely to be a reality by the year 2020 when the CACREP standards are revisited. is illegal in the Northeastern region of the U.S., but not in other parts of the country. is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.

is dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients.

Which of the following statements best describes the author's view of the medical model? The medical model is especially relevant for culturally diverse client populations. Corey appreciates the focus on psychopathology and believes it gives clinicians the tools to assess what's wrong with clients. The medical model emphasizes strengths and competencies rather than psychopathology. A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.

A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths.

Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following except: Counselors feel comfortable with their clients' values and beliefs. Counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients. Counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions. Counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when necessary or appropriate.

Counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions.

Which of these statements about interventions is true? You should only use counseling interventions when you are certified or licensed. It is helpful to use one type of intervention with most clients. During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times. It is best to require clients to adapt to your approach to counseling and the interventions that you are skilled at using.

During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times.

During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you that she is pregnant and is considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and professional course for you to follow? Encourage her to get the abortion as soon as possible, without exploring any other option. Steer her toward having her baby and then consider adoption for her baby. Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values. Suggest that she go to church and pray about her situation.

Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values.

Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this? She is probably a novice therapist who is insecure about her skills; thus, by assigning homework, she may feel like she is being more productive. Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy. By assigning homework to her clients, she establishes her clear authority over them (as if she is their teacher). In order to be reimbursed by insurance companies, Francesca is required to give her clients homework assignments.

Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy.

____ is the view of ethical practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice. Minimal ethics Aspirational ethics Mandatory ethics Positive ethics

Mandatory ethics

Which of the following statements is not true about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy? Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines. There are differences of opinion among practitioners about how ethical guidelines apply to certain situations. Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice. Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life. Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose.

Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose.

Which of the following is not a method of increasing effectiveness in working with diverse client populations? Identify your basic assumptions pertaining to diversity. Pay attention to the common ground that exists among people of diverse backgrounds. Learn about how your own cultural background has influenced your thinking and behaving. Be flexible in applying techniques with clients. Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job very difficult.

Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job very difficult.