PH 120

_____ is a growing discipline that focuses on the use of food and supplements to provide essential nutrients as part of an integrated or alternative treatment for mental health disorders Nutritional psychiatry Nutritional counseling Nutritional epidemiology Nutritional pedagogy

Nutritional psychiatry

Which of the following is not true about organic produce? Organic produce must be grown on farms that avoid most synthetic materials Organic produce has significantly more vitamins and minerals than conventionally grown produce Organic produce is not genetically modified All of the above

Organic produce has significantly more vitamins and minerals than conventionally grown produce

Despite a lower economic status and a large population living below the poverty line, India boasts significantly less cancer rates in both men and women compared to the US. The addition of the spice _____ in the typical Indian cuisine may contribute to the reduction in cancer rates. Cinnamon Cardamom Paprika Turmeric

Turmeric

_____ involves the immune system mistakenly destroying cells that produce insulin, while _____ involves insulin being produced, but not being able to function proficiently Type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes; type 1 diabetes Autoimmune disease; type 2 diabetes Autoimmune disease; pancreatic cancer

Type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes

Cooking meat by which method has been associated with increased risk of breast cancer? Smoking Grilling Barbecuing All of the Above

All of the above

For what reason(s) does Dr. Greger criticize the use of cholesterol-lowering statin drugs like Lipitor? Statin drugs come with the potential for liver or muscle damage There is concern that statin drugs come with the potential for brain-related side effects such as memory loss and confusion Statin drugs have appeared to increase the risk of developing diabetes All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a long-term consequence of not managing diabetes? Blindness Kidney failure Heart attacks and stroke All of the above

All of the above

For what reason(s) does Dr. Greger advocate for healthy diets in treating disease? A healthy diet can benefit all organ systems at once A healthy diet has good side effects A healthy diet may treat the underlying cause of illness All of these are reasons he cites.

All of these are reasons he cites.

For what reason(s) does Dr. Greger criticize the use of drugs (or prescription medications) in treating disease? Drugs only target specific functions Drugs can have dangerous side effects Drugs may only treat the symptoms of disease All of these are reasons he cites.

All of these are reasons he cites.

In a study that followed children with type 2 diabetes for 15 years, it was found that these participants had high prevalence of which of the following conditions? Amputations Death Heart disease All of the above Both A and B are correct

Both A and B are correct

Which of the following is a resulting consequence of the food industry constantly adding salt to food? I. An individual's taste buds might become so sensitized to hypersalty foods, that natural foods start to taste bland II. Eating salt may make an individual thirsty, so they may be inclined to consume sugary beverages, especially when salty snacks and sugary drinks are placed together Both I. and II. are resulting consequences None of these are resulting consequences

Both I. and II. are resulting consequences

According to a review article by Lakhan and Vieira (2008), nutritional therapies have become somewhat of a forgotten method of treating mental disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The article also points out that consumers are actually becoming more interested in natural and holistic therapies like nutrition for treating mental disorders. If consumer interest is less of a factor, what else might explain why nutritional therapies are being forgotten in mental health treatment? Clinicians lack knowledge on the use of nutritional supplements in treating mental disorders Pharmaceutical companies were not interested in nutritional therapies because they cold not parent or own them Both are correct None are correct

Both are correct

For which of the following reasons does Dr. Greger believe "all-or-nothing thinking" is problematic when it comes to transitioning to a whole-food, plant-based diet? "All-or-nothing thinking" stops people from taking the first steps in improving their diet " All-or-nothing thinking" creates an excuse for people not to improve their diets Both are correct Neither are correct

Both are correct

Which of the following statements would Dr. Dean Ornish agree with concerning the globalization of illness and its relation to diet? Countries are beginning to adopt eating styles similar to those in the United States, and are consequently beginning to see similar rates of chronic disease Countries outside the United States are seeing a gradual decrease in prevalence of chronic disease due to their rejection of dietary habits common in the U.S. Countries outside the United States are seeing a gradual increase in prevalence of chronic disease due to their rejection of dietary habits common in the U.S. Dr. Dean Ornish would not agree with any of these statements

Countries are beginning to adopt eating styles similar to those in the United States, and are consequently beginning to see similar rates of chronic disease

T/F: Our kidneys handle animal proteins the same way that it handles plant proteins

False

Exposure to environmental toxins through our food supply has been suggested as a risk factor in the development of diabetes. These toxis may include pesticides, hexachlorobenzene, and PCBs. Where are these toxins store in the human body? Skeletal tissues Connective tissues Protein stores Fat stores

Fat stores

Dr. Greger states that while America's favorite fruits are apples and bananas, they have ___ antioxidant power compared to berries. For this reason, he recommends a serving of ___ every day. Lower; any type of berry Lower; only blackberries Higher; apples and bananas Higher; antioxidant supplements

Lower; any type of berry

Mark Bittman defines food as any nutritious substance that animals eat or plants absorb to: Avoid preventable death Maintain life and growth Become stronger and happier None of these are true

Maintain life and growth

There are currently no effective cures or treatments for Alzheimer's disease, however, there may be some dietary interventions that could possibly aid in the strategy to combat the disease. Which of the following dietary interventions have shown some potential for managing the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and decelerating the aging process? Reduce AGEs by using dry-heat methods to cook meat Reduce AGEs by using moist-methods to cook meat Adding saffron spice to meals Both 2 and 3 are correct

both 2 and 3 are correct

An airline pilot has just seen a news report that airline pilots are at risk for chromosome damage. Alarmed, they come to you for advice on prevention. Which of the following would you recommend the least? consuming vitamin c and e supplements consuming dietary antioxidants from green leafy vegetables consuming phytonutrients from plant foods like nuts, peppers, and citrus drinking lemon balm tea before taking off

consuming vitamin c and e supplements

In understanding health literacy, how does literacy differ from numeracy? literacy involves being able to understand, evaluate, use, and engage with written text, while numeracy involves being able to use, interpret, and communicate mathematical information and ideas literacy is more factual, while numeracy is more analytical literacy involves an understanding of the english language, while numeracy does not There is no difference between literacy and numeracy, especially when it comes to evaluating health literacy

literacy involves being able to understand, evaluate, use, and engage with written text, while numeracy involves being able to use, interpret, and communicate mathematical information and ideas

Which cancer is the number one cancer killer? pancreatic cancer skin cancer brain cancer lung cancer

lung cancer

Which of the following foods are good sources of potassium? greens, beans, and sweet potatoes bananas, potatoes, and squash bananas, potatoes, and eggplants none of the above

greens, beans, and sweet potatoes

_____ is the degree to which an individual has the capacity to obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health information and services to make appropriate health decisions health literacy health numeracy health mastery health efficacy

health literacy

Nutrients found in green vegetables such as lutein, beta-carotene, ad vitamin K maybe receive a boost in absorption when the following nutrient is eaten at the same time: Healthy fats Healthy complex carbohydrates Healthy proteins All of the above

healthy fats

_____ is a growing discipline that focuses on the use of food and supplements to provide essential nutrients as part of an integrated or alternative treatment for mental health disorders. nutritional psychiatry nutritional counseling nutritional epidemiology nutritional pedagogy

nutritional psychiatry

Dr. Greger states that in order to prevent childhood diabetes, we need to prevent what other childhood onset disease? Obesity Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD Tetanus None

obesity

Which of the following foods is not a common source of Salmonella? Poultry Eggs Spinach All of the above

spinach

Which of the following are potential harms of increased blood pressure? Strain on the heart Damage to sensitive blood vessels in your eyes and kidneys Bleeding in the brain All of the above

all of the above

What are the benefits of consuming fiber? improved bowel health reduced risk of stroke and heart disease reduced risk of colon and breast cancer all of these are benefits

all of these are benefits

In understanding global food insecurity, we note that despite abundance in global food production so many people around the world still go hungry. Why might this be? food may not be available for some people food may not be accessible for some people food may not be usable for some people all of these are plausible reasons for global food insecurity

all of these are plausible reasons for global food insecurity

In the review article by Rao and colleagues (2008), it is stated that current findings in psychoneuroimmunology and brain chemistry might be key in advancing the use of dietary interventions in preventing and treating depression and other psychological disorders. Why might that be so? What explanations can psychoneuroimmunology and brain chemistry offer to depression treatment and prevention? psychoneuroimmunologists and neurobiologists have often worked closely with dieticians and psychiatrists in tailoring diet-based treatments for depression The association between nutritional intake, central nervous system, and immune function (and subsequently, an individual's psychological health), may be understood by current research in psychoneuroimmunology and brain chemistry The cyclical relationship between the nervous system, lymphatic system, and digestive system may be understood by current research in psychoneuroimmunology None of the abve

???

You are a nutritional psychiatrist who is preparing to give a talk to current medical students who are thinking about making psychiatry their specialty. Given that your goal is to encourage more medical students to pursue nutritional psychiatry, what argument from the research literature might you address in order to convince your audience to explore the merits of alternative or complementary nutritional therapies in psychiatry? One pitfall of pharmacological-based psychiatric treatment is that their corresponding drug trials have been conducted in controlled lab settings with rodents One pitfall of pharmacological-based psychiatric treatment is that most anti-depressant drugs increase the risk of severe side effects, and this may encourage patients from following their treatment plans The American Medical Association has reported a higher return on investment for private psychiatric practices that prescribe dietary supplements The practice of placing psychiatric patients on dietary supplement plans is now becoming widely accepted by the American Psychiatric Association

??? The practice of placing psychiatric patients on dietary supplement plans is now becoming widely accepted by the American Psychiatric Association

Which of the following actions would be a considered a "Create" action according to the World Health Organization's "REPLACE" action package to eliminate industrially-produced trans-fatty acids from the food supply? A student in Public Health 120 completing training in nutritional health promotion A federal judge ruling against a meat corporation's decision to withhold thorough nutrition information The United Nations commissioning a group of nutrition researchers to assess sources of trans fat All of these are considered "Create" actions according to the WHO's REPLACE plan

A federal judge ruling against a meat corporation's decision to withhold thorough nutrition information

Dr. Dean Ornish discussed the benefits of diets consisting of plant-based and unprocessed foods to individual health. What are some of the environmental and global benefits of individuals consuming these types of diets? I. the less effort needed to process food, the less fossil fuels are burned II. because livestock contribute to global warming, eating less meat could reduce the amount of toxic gas emissions Both are environmental and global benefits of individual consuming plant-based and unprocessed foods None of the above

Both are environmental and global benefits of individual consuming plant-based and unprocessed foods

Informing prediabetic patients about the benefits of exercise and improving their diet may help in reducing their progression to diabetes, however, two-thirds of prediabetic patients report that their doctors have never discussed this with them. What are some reasons why doctors may not counsel their patients on these benefits? The benefits of a diet and exercise have not been scientifically shown to reduce the risk of developing diabetes Doctors don't get reimbursed by insurance for the extra time they may spend with patients Doctors lack the knowledge and resources to discuss this with their patients All of the above Both b and c are correct

Both b and c are correct

You are a professor of epidemiology who is preparing to give a talk to undergraduate student on diet-gene interactions and the progression of cancer. You want to provide them with a tangible example (e.g. a specific food) to illustrate your points about diet and cancer development. Why might you want to use broccoli as an example? Broccoli has been shown to prevent damage to DNA that can trigger the development of cancer Broccoli gives off a toxin that literally "kills" cancer cells upon contact Broccoli is processed in the body into a macrophage that eats and kills cancer cells None of these are suitable explanations

Broccoli has been shown to prevent damage to DNA that can trigger the development of cancer

Which of the following actions would be a considered a "Legislate" action according to the World Health Organization's "REPLACE" action package to eliminate industrially-produced trans-fatty acids from the food supply? Michelle Obama's media advocacy for healthy eating Denmark mandating restrictions on industrially-produced trans fats Dr. Michael Greger testifying before Congress on nutritional guideline reform A student in Public Health 120 convincing their friends to eat less processed meat

Denmark mandating restrictions on industrially-produced trans fats

Dr. Greger mentioned that in his medical practice, he personally follows Kaiser Permanente's three-step method for healthier dietary habits. Which of the following is not part of those three steps? Think of three meals you already enjoy that are plant-based Develop a negative attitude toward any food that is not plant-based. Think of three meals you already eat that could be adapted to become a green-light meal. Discover new healthier options

Develop a negative attitude toward any food that is not plant-based.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, cases of coronary heart disease remained undiagnosed until proper screening tests were performed. Astonished by these cases, especially in light of the perception that CHD is considered to be rare in sub-saharan Africa, a regional Minister of Health has requested that you investigate the occurrence of CHD in the region and devise an intervention. In completing your risk assessment, you inquire about whether lifestyle factors of CHD were assessed in the region. The Health Minister informs you that the Minister of Health only had data on physical inactivity. Which of the following factors might you explore further in order to perform a more complete risk assessment? The prevalence of physical inactivity in the region Dietary habits and meal compositions of community residents The prevalence of CHD compared to other chronic conditions None of these factors are relevant to the case at hand

Dietary habits and meal compositions of community residents

Which of the following is a reason why eating blueberries is protective for immune system health? Eating blueberries can bolster the activity of white blood cells that "kill" virus-infected cells Eating blueberries mimicks the action of vaccines Neither one of these is a health-protective quality of blueberries All of these are health-protective qualities of blueberries

Eating blueberries can bolster the activity of white blood cells that "kill" virus-infected cells

Which of the following was done to definitively prove the correlation between high-salt diets and high blood pressure? Findings were interpreted from an intervention where patients were instructed to go on an extremely low salt, low fat, and plant-based diet High blood pressure medications were withheld from patients, then they were placed on the high-salt Yanomami diet A randomized control trial involving animals conducted with the experimental group consuming the low-salt foods and the control group consuming high-salt foods None of the above

Findings were interpreted from an intervention where patients were instructed to go on an extremely low salt, low fat, and plant-based diet

You have a friend who is worried they will suffer from cognitive impairment or brain loss once they reach the age of 70. After learning from Dr. Michael Greger, you know 3 vitamins are critical in preventing brain loss. What 3 vitamins are they? Folate, vitamin b12, vitamin b6 Folate, vitamin c, vitamin d Folate, magnesium, and zinc Folate, citric acid, and melatonin

Folate, vitamin b12, vitamin b6

Which type of cooking method has been shown to release carcinogenic chemicals into the air? Frying Boiling Steaming Roasting

Frying

According to research highlighted by Dr. Greger, Americans are living longer lives. However, we are simultaneously seeing a reduction in: Obesity Diabetes Functional, healthy year Mental health diagnoses

Functional, healthy year

Which of the following is true about the relationship between ginger and migraine headaches? Ginger has been found to be effective in treating headaches Ginger has been found to induce headaches Ginger is only useful in treating nausea, not migraine headaches None of these are true

Ginger has been found to be effective in treating headaches

You visit Dr. Greger and ask about what foods you can eat to improve your sleep. He tells you to try to eat more goji berries, like the one you can find in acai bowls. Why would he give you this advice? Goji berries mimic the neutral action of some sedative-hypnotic drugs Goji berries have the highest concentration of melatonin, which improves sleep Goji berries contain the same ingredients found in Nyquil and Benadryl Goji berries have been shown to absorb caffeine after metabolized in the bloodstream

Goji berries have the highest concentration of melatonin, which improves sleep

Dr. Greger states that a large majority of emerging and reemerging human diseases have originated in animals. Which of the following infectious diseases were NOT mentioned to have originally come from animals? Whooping cough Typhoid fever HIV HPV

HPV

You are a government relations advisor to the Director of the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO). The Director is planning to meet with a group of legislators from Mexico to draft a bill aimed at securing funding for diabetes prevention research and programs. The Director tells you, "The legislature already recognize diabetes as a national public health concern. We've thrown health research and statistics at them for years. We need to find a different way of framing the issue - for them to take it more seriously? In your unique role as a government relations advisor for PAHO, you've studied economics and politics and keep up to date with recent trends in public health. Accordingly, which of the following recommendations would best help the Director in preparation for their meeting with the legislators? Include a discussion of the biomedical bases of diabetes in order to shed light on why diabetes is a public health issue of great concern Include a discussion of recent epidemiological data on diabetes, in order to communicate the sense of urgency to legislators Include a discussion of the economic impacts of diabetes, including direct costs of medical care and indirect cost caused by loss of productivity due to premature death and disability Include a discussion of recent successes in diabetes prevention research

Include a discussion of the economic impacts of diabetes, including direct costs of medical care and indirect cost caused by loss of productivity due to premature death and disability

Which of the following are potential negative effects of treating high blood glucose levels with medication Potential for addiction due to psychostimulant properties of glucose-lowering medications Increased risk of obesity Increased risk of juvenile onset diabetes All of the above

Increased risk of obesity

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between the globalization of food and nutrition-related diseases among populations? Industrialization and urbanization may contribute to obesity Overall, countries and cultures are unnaffected by industrialization and urbanization and therefore do not see alarming rises in prevalence of obesity Countries and cultures are impacted by industrialization and urbanization, but not in ways that create dietary risks for chronic disease None of these statements are true

Industrialization and urbanization may contribute to obesity

You are an oncologist with the UCI Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center. You've just returned back to the Center from one of Dr. Michael Greger's seminars on treating prostate cancer with a plant-based diet. You have a patient, Brain, who acts reluctantly to your advice for him to adopt a plant-based diet. Recalling what Dr. Greger has discussed about prostate cancer, what other approach might you take in encouraging Brian to adhere to your advice? Ignore his reluctance to change his diet and continue to educate him on the relationship between diet and prostate cancer Inform him of what prostate cancer treatment actually entails, including a possible decline in sexual performance as a result of prostate surgery Ignoring his reluctance, argue that dietary changes are the only effective way of treating prostate cancer None of these approaches are suitable or discussed by Dr. Greger

Inform him of what prostate cancer treatment actually entails, including a possible decline in sexual performance as a result of prostate surgery

What does Dr. Greger imply about chronic disease treatment when he says the current approach has been "compared to mopping up the floor around an overflowing sink instead of simply turning off the faucet" ? Physicians are not trained to treat the root cause, but rather the consequences of disease Physicians are trained to treat the root cause of disease, but with an emphasis on medications Physicians are trained to ignore the root causes and only focus on symptom management None of these are true

Physicians are not trained to treat the root cause, but rather the consequences of disease

Farmers and slaughterhouse workers who work with _____ are more susceptible to various forms of blood cancers Cattle Pigs Poultry Soy beans

Poultry

You have a friend who regularly takes the anti-depressant drug, Prozac. He complains that the drug barely works and he is still constantly depressed. If you were to refer your friend to Dr. Michael Greger, what might Dr. Greger say to your friend in providing advice? Prozac might take months to boost serotonin levels. Plant-based foods, on the other hand, actually contain serotonin, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters involved in preventing depression Prozac might actually decrease levels of serotonin more rapidly than do plant-based foods Prozac's efficacy as an anti-depressant is minuscule compared to that of Cymbalta Dr. Greger would not make either of these statements

Prozac might take months to boost serotonin levels. Plant-based foods, on the other hand, actually contain serotonin, dopamine, and other neurotransmitters involved in preventing depression

Which of the following study designs and approaches led to the determination that maintaining low LDL cholesterol levels, even in young age, reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular disease? Randomized control trial comparing differences in the development of cardiovascular disease among high-risk individuals Retrospective cohort study using patient medical records to compare LDL cholesterol levels among high-risk individuals Cross sectional study analyzing LDL cholesterol concentrations in blood drawn from a study population None of these study designs or applied

Randomized control trial comparing differences in the development of cardiovascular disease among high-risk individuals

Intake of a combination of the following nutrients can contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? Animal proteins, complex carbohydrates, and trans fats Refined sugar, animal fats, and cholesterol Soy protein, monounsaturated fats, and caffeine All of the above

Refined sugar, animal fats, and cholesterol

You are a government relations adviser to the Director General of the World Health Organization. The DG is preparing to meet with a group of health ministers from across the globe and tell you, "We want to get them to press their governments on upgrading their action plans on mental health. They're already aware of the logistic need for resources and strategies. We don't want to be redundant. What we haven't given them is a compelling 'push' for them to follow through with action. So, what should my talking points be?" Remind the health ministers of the overall global economic impacts of countries failing to act on mental health, with emphasis on the idea of "investing in mental health" Reiterate the need for resources and strategies on mental health care delivery Using the DG's medical background to establish credibility, educate the health ministers on the biomedical bases of health None of the above

Remind the health ministers of the overall global economic impacts of countries failing to act on mental health, with emphasis on the idea of "investing in mental health"

A meta-analysis and systematic review evaluating the effects of omega-3 fats from fish oil supplement and oily fish on life span, cardiac death, sudden death, heart attack, and stroke suggested what benefits? Results were inconclusive on the benefits of omega-3 fats from fish oil Researchers found no protective benefits of omega-3 fats from fish oil Researchers found protective benefits for overall mortality and heart disease mortality Researchers found protective benefits for sudden cardiac death, heart attack, and stroke

Researchers found no protective benefits of omega-3 fats from fish oil

Which of the following fats is associated with insulin resistance? Polyunsaturated fats from walnuts Monounsaturated fats from avocados Saturated fats from dairy All of the above

Saturated fats from dairy

For people who are genetically predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes, a diet with too many _____ and rich in _____ can cause type 2 diabetes Monounsaturated fats; carbohydrates Saturated fats; calories Unsaturated fats; protein Polyunsaturated fats; carbohydrates

Saturated fats; calories

You meet a woman who is interested in reducing her risk of stroke, and she reveals to you that she she sleeps about 5 hours per night. Which is one suggestion you can make to reduce her risk of stroke? She should keep sleeping 5 hours per night She should increase her sleep to 9-10 hours per night She should increase her sleep to 7-8 hours per night She should take 10 minute naps every day

She should increase her sleep to 7-8 hours per night

You are preparing to complete a nutritional program management internship abroad, in a town whose culture you are not yet familiar with. In your orientation packet, you read that the townspeople have dietary restrictions that you must adhere to when performing your work. Which of the following might best explain these dietary restrictions? The townspeople's dietary restrictions may be in accordance with religious laws The townspeople's dietary restrictions may be a direct result of international laws concerning food The townspeople's dietary restrictions may be a direct result of universally-applied nutrition recommendations None of these would be suitable explanations for these dietary restrictions

The townspeople's dietary restrictions may be in accordance with religious laws

According to Dr. Michael Greger, which of the following reasons explain why doctors rarely focus on lifestyle medicine or "treating the cause? They are not trained in lifestyle medicine They do not get paid to practice lifestyle medicine The medical system is set up to financially reward prescribing pills and procedures All of these are true.

They do not get paid to practice lifestyle medicine

Dr. Greger discusses the DASH diet and notes that while being primarily modeled after vegetarian diets, it is not completely meat-free. What is the reason for this? The meat industry constructed the diet for the American Heart Association To make the diet easier and more palatable for nonvegetarians Experts don't want many people to convert to vegetarian diets for fear of retaliation from the meat industry None of these are probable reasons

To make the diet easier and more palatable for nonvegetarians

(T/F) World Health Organization (WHO) considers processed meat (e.g. bacon, ham, hot dogs, sausages, and lunch meat) as category 1 carcinogens

True

Dr. Michael Greger states that while the public considers doctors to be "very credible" sources of nutrition information, few medical schools offer courses in nutrition. True False

True

Replacing trans fats with unsaturated fatty acids decreases the risk of heart disease. True False

True

T/F: Although an individual might be predisposed to a chronic disease like cancer due to their genes, the expression of these genes can be altered by making lifestyle changes such as managing stress or decreasing consumption of saturated fats and sugars

True

You received a push notification from the news app on your phone that reads: "new smoothie from nutrition company x shown to lower blood glucose levels." You, being well-versed in detecting potentially false health claims, decide to read the news article in depth. You take issue with the phrase "research on the smoothie's glucose-reducing properties is currently underway." Why might this phrase point out nutrition misinformation and fraud? When research is "currently underway," it is implied that there is no current research available to support health claims made When research is "currently underway," conclusions made from the ongoing study/studies may be too simplistic When research is "currently underway," it is implied that recommendations are being made from a single study There is nothing apparently fraudulent about the phrase or the article title

When research is "currently underway," it is implied that there is no current research available to support health claims made

You are a professor of public health whose expertise is in environmental and behavioral influences on wellness and healthy aging. In preparing a lecture on Blue Zones, you plan on using a best case scenario to illustrate how a city or town might incorporate both "Move Naturally" and "Eat Wisely" factors of longevity in their urban/regional design. Which of the following scenarios might you use? a food desert-deemed city building more accessible park space and using it to host weekly farmer's markets a food desert-deemed city adding more places of worship and recreation centers a food desert-deemed city adding more food pantries and schools none of these are suitable scenarios

a food desert-deemed city building more accessible park space and using it to host weekly farmer's markets

In the plant-based diet and lifestyle intervention study by Dr. Dean Ornish, which of the following was concluded about the progression of prostate cancer? a plant-based diet may slow the rate of tumor progression in cases of recurrent prostate cancer a plant-based diet has no impact of the rate of tumor progression in cases of recurrent prostate cancer a plant-based diet increases the rate of tumor progression in cases of recurrent prostate cancer none of these are conclusions of the study

a plant-based diet may slow the rate of tumor progression in cases of recurrent prostate cancer

Which of the following greens does Dr. Greger recommend avoiding due to it's frequent link to Salmonella food poisoning? Collard greens Dandelion greens Broccoli sprouts Alfalfa sprouts

alfalfa sprouts

According to Dr. Greger, which of the following is true about the lifespan build-up of atherosclerosis (and consequently, heart disease)? Atherosclerosis may start even before birth By age 10, fatty streaks may be present alone coronary arteries By ages 20-30, fatty streaks along the coronary arteries can turn into full-blown plaques All of the above

all of the above

According to studies found and described by the director of the Framingham Heart Study, which of the following reasons explains why physicians ought to propose dietary changes as preventative cardiology measures? Patients may report improved health outcomes such as decreased risks of depression Patient satisfaction may increase Patients may experience more positive outlooks on life All of the above

all of the above

Consumption of pork has been associated with the liver disease hepatitis E. Which factors may contribute to infection with the hepatitis E virus? Pork cooked rare improper hand washing techniques Cross contamination on kitchen surfaces All of the above

all of the above

Increased concentrations of the growth hormone IGF-1 in the bloodstream has been shown to increase the risk for developing cancers? Consumption of which types of foods can trigger the release of more IGF-1 into the bloodstream? Dairy Meat Eggs All of the above

all of the above

Which of the following are benefits of consuming fiber? improved bowel health reduced risk of stroke and heart disease reduced risk of colon and breast cancer all of the above

all of the above

One of your friends is an avid user of dietary supplements. In contrast, you are both a registered dietitian and a chef with culinary specialty in plant-based cuisine. You both have a debate on "supplements vs. herbs and spices." Which of the following points would be an effective argument in your position? supplements may contain heavy metals a supplement may only provide one active ingredient and serve a few benefits, whereas one spice or herb may provide multiple benefits There is potential for overdose with high concentrations of an active ingredient all of these would be effective arguments

all of these would be effective arguments

Moderate exercise has been shown to boost immunity, however, overtraining and excessive exercise stress can impair immune function. Which foods were NOT highlighted by Dr. Greger to possibly improve immune function in highly trained elite athletes? Mushrooms Bananas Chlorella Nutritional yeast

bananas

According to Dr. Greger, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics continues to take millions of dollars every year from companies that produce processed junk fund, meat, dairy, soda, and candy bars. In turn, the academy allows people from these companies to deliver educational seminars teaching dieticians what to say to their clients. How might this relationship between industry and academy impact the integrity of the dietetic profession and public health overall? I. dieticians may potentially normalize a status-quo consumption of junk food, meat, diary, soda, and candy II. because meat and processed junk food industries generate high revenue for the Academy, the Academy may be less likely to release nutrition standards that contradict industry interests Both are possible impacts Neither are possible impacts

both are possible impacts

Strains of E. coli associated with urinary tract infections are found in which type of food? Chicken Beef Pork Eggs

chicken

In the United States, what do patients complain about more than any other gastrointestinal issue? Flatulence Constipation Acid reflux diarrhea

constipation

Nutrients in all vegetables and fruits are best absorbed when eaten raw as opposed to being cooked True False

false

Prebiotics are the good bacteria found in your gut, and probiotics are what the good bacteria eat. True False

false

There is absolutely no scientific evidence that eating eggs in any way increases the risk of heart attack true false

false

True or false: Chicken is much healthier than beef because white meat generally contains less fat and sodium True False

false

Which of the following lists food in order of greatest acid load to lowest acid load? beef, cheese, beans, pasta fish, eggs, beans, veggies pasta, rice, poultry, pork fruit, veggies, dairy, cheese

fish, eggs, beans, veggies

You are a medical practice executive with considerable experience in managing both primary and specialty physician practices. After some reflection, you decide you want to invest in lifestyle medicine -- which includes nutrition, stress management, etc. You set out to form a health care group with these core beliefs: "prevention is worth a ton of cure" -- a principle held by Dr. Michael Greger physicians have a responsibility to minimize controllable medical errors In recruiting physicians, what criteria might you highlight in order for them to uphold these core beliefs? 1. physicians must not have a tendency of performing unnecessary surgeries 2. physicians must not have a tendency of overprescribing medications that yield dangerous side effects 3. physicians must commit to foregoing treatment that is pharmacological or surgical only 1 and 2 are reasonable

only 1 and 2 are reasonable

Which of the following foods has been shown to increase blood flow? apples oranges grapes broccoli

oranges

After learning a little bit about spices and their health benefits, you decide to buy more poppy seeds and incorporate more of the spice in your daily meals. You tell your dietitian friend about this and they seem alarmed. Why might they be alarmed? over-consumption may increase the risk of miscarriages over-consumption may increase your blood sugar levels over-consumption can lead to an effect that mimics that of narcotic drugs over-consumption of poppy seeds is similar to, if not more dangerous than, repeated heroin use

over-consumption can lead to an effect that mimics that of narcotic drugs

You have decided to replace the sugar you put in your tea and coffee with a sweetener like erythritol. Which of the following should you be cautious of in order to prevent weight gain and other health conditions? over-consumption of the sweetener, because of its addictive properties compensating for a perceived lack of authentic sugar by consuming more sugary foods over-consumption of the sweetener, because of its potential to metabolize beneficial nutrients in your body sudden reduction in consumption of the sweetener, because of the potential for heart palpitations

over-consumption of the sweetener, because of its addictive properties

According to Dr. Michael Greger, physicians often ignore the potential benefits of nutrition and are quick to prescribe medications instead of giving patients a chance to correct their disease. True False

true

As discussed by Dr. Greger, the side effects of prescription drugs have led medical care to become the sixth leading cause of death in the United States true false

true