Phage

Why can some proteins not be produced in bacteria using recombinant technology?

some proteins are too complex to be produced in bacterium, so eukaryotic cells must be used.

What is M13 bacteriophage?

Bacteriophage that infects E-coli

What is the benefit of producing phage plaques?

It contains the recombinant DNA.

In what form does the DNA of the lambda bacteriophage exist in?

It exists in double stranded dna

What is the Lysogenic Cycle?

Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle being the other). Lysogeny is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formations of a circular replicon in the bacterial cytoplasm. In this condition the bacterium continues to live and reproduce normally.

What bacteria does lambda phage infect?

E-coli

What is a lysogen?

A lysogen or lysogenic bacterium is a bacterial cell in which a phage exists as DNA in its dormant state (prophage).

What is a prophage?

A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome inserted and integrated into the circular bacterial DNA chromosome or existing as an extrachromosomal plasmid.

What is a viral plaque?

A viral plaque is a visible structure formed within a cell culture, such as bacterial cultures within some nutrient medium (e.g. agar). The bacteriophage viruses replicate and spread, thus generating regions of cell destructions known as plaques.

What is DNA gyrase?

DNA gyrase, or simply gyrase, is an enzyme within the class of topoisomerase that relieves strain while double-stranded DNA is being unwound by helicase

What is Enterobacteriophage Lambda?

This is a bacteriophage that infects E-Coli

What are some problems encountered when creating human-Ecoli chimeric DNA and inserting this into ecoli genome?

Problems are encountered if the gene contains introns or contains signals which act as terminators to a bacterial host. This results in premature termination, and the recombinant protein may not be processed correctly, be folded correctly, or may even be degraded.

What is the lytic cycle.

The lytic cycle results in the destruction of the infected cell and its membrane.

What does temperate mean in virology?

temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages (notably coliphage λ) to display a lysogenic life cycle. Many (but not all) temperate phages can integrate their genomes into their host bacterium's chromosome, together becoming a lysogen as the phage genome becomes a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo a productive, typically lytic life cycle, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome, and produces phage progeny, which then leave the bacterium.With phage the term virulent is often used as an antonym to temperate, but more strictly a virulent phage is one that has lost its ability to display lysogeny through mutation rather than a phage lineage with no genetic potential to ever display lysogeny (which more properly would be described as an obligately lytic phage)