PHARM 2005 Exam
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT with respect to modifiable risk factors for cancer? a) The percentage of smokers in Canada, aged 15 years and over, has dropped from about 50% in 1965 ti about 21% in 2002 b) The estimated per capita consumption of fruits and vegetables in Canada has risen steadily between 1963 and 2001 c) The percentage of Canadians aged 12 years and over who are physically inactive has decreased between 1994 and 2001 d) The prevalence of unhealthy weights amongst Canadians is decreasing, particularly among children e) The percentage of Canadian non-smokers aged 12 years old and over, exposed to second hand smoke is highest amongst the 12-19 year old age group
*no answer*
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT: a) All cancer patients will have the same risks and benefits from chemotherapy because everyone will experience the same adverse effects of treatment b) With some chemotherapy regimens, patients are also given antibiotics as a precaution against infection c) When using combination chemotherapy, the choice of drugs used in the combination is based on the mechanisms of action of the drugs and on the toxicity profiles of the drugs in order to maximize the effect of the treatment and to minimize the toxicity to the patient d) 5-HT3 (serotonin) receptor antagonists are very effective drugs for the relief of nausea and vomiting in cancer patients
a) All cancer patients will have the same risks and benefits from chemotherapy because everyone will experience the same adverse effects of treatment
The drug ecstasy is: a) An amphetamine-like agent with hallucinogenic potential b) A cannabis-like agent c) An opioid drug d) A barbiturate-like drug e) A monoaminc oxidase inhibitor
a) An amphetamine-like agent with hallucinogenic potential
Which of the following is nota side effect associated with long term use of laxatives?: a) Disturbances in the physiological acid/base balance b) Pulmonary edema c) Obstructive Jaundice d) A gastrointestinal tract dependent on laxatives e) Dehydration
a) Disturbances in the physiological acid/base balance
According to theories of mental illness, schizophrenia symptoms are due to: a) Dopamine receptor hyperactivity b) Dopamine receptor under activity c) Norepinephrine receptor under activity d) Serotonin receptor under activity e) All of the above
a) Dopamine receptor hyperactivity
The lipoprotein referred to as the good lipoprotein is: a) High density lipoprotein (HDL) b) Intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) c) Low density lipoprotein (LDL) d) Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) e) Chylomicrons
a) High density lipoprotein (HDL)
The mechanism by which caffeine exerts its stimulant action is: a) Increased acetylcholine release b) Increases norepinephrine release c) Blockade of dopamine receptors d) Blockade of norepinephrine receptors e) Activation of adenosine receptors
a) Increased acetylcholine release
Which one of the following statements is correct?: a) Ingestion of amphetamine prior to a sports event will increase speed and endurance b) Low to moderate doses of amphetamine in a well trained athlete will increase performance by a minimum of 25% c) Use of amphetamines by an athlete may result in a decrease in blood pressure d) Low doses of amphetamine will increase athletic performance without producing any central nervous system excitation e) A portion of the increase in athletic performance in response to amphetamine is a result of the appetite stimulation of the drug
a) Ingestion of amphetamine prior to a sports event will increase speed and endurance
The mechanism by which cocaine exerts its stimulant actions is: a) Inhibition of dopamine reuptake b) Activation of opioid receptors on nerve cells c) Blockade of dopamine receptors d) Promotes release of acetylcholine e) Blocks receptors for norepinephrine
a) Inhibition of dopamine reuptake
The therapeutic index of a drug is best described as: a) LD50/ED50 b) ED50/LD50 c) LD100/ED100 d) ED25/LD25 e) LD25/ED25
a) LD50/ED50
All of the following statements are correct except: a) Mortality rates for breast cancer have declined steadily since 1986 b) Mortality rates for lung cancer in men levelled off in the mid 1980s and are now declining c) Percival Pott was a chimney sweep who died from cancer of the scrotum d) Prevalence of a disease reflects the number of people with the disease existing in the population over a certain time period e) Because people are living longer, they are living to an age where they are more at risk to develop cancer
a) Mortality rates for breast cancer have declined steadily since 1986
The drugs classified as tricyclic antidepressants act primarily by inhibiting reuptake of: a) Norepinephrine and serotonin b) Serotonin only c) Norepinephrine only d) Dopamine only e) Norepinephrine and dopamine
a) Norepinephrine and serotonin
Which of the following statements concerning blood pressure is incorrect: a) Normal blood pressure value decreases with age b) Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxing c) The kidney plays an important role in controlling blood pressure d) The average normal blood pressure in young adults is 120/80mmHg e) Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity helps decrease blood pressure
a) Normal blood pressure value decreases with age
The pharmacological properties of enkephalins endorphins, naturally occurring substances in the brain, are similar to the properties of which of the following classes of drugs?: a) Opioids b) Hallucinogens c) Barbiturates d) Antidepressants e) Major tranquillizers
a) Opioids
The over the counter sleeping aids usually contain: a) Pyrilamine (an antihistamine) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) b) Acetaminophen and opium c) Diazepam (Valium) d) Acetaminophen and Phenylephrine (a decongestant) e) Chlorpheniramine (an antihistamine) and phenylephrine (a decongestant)
a) Pyrilamine (an antihistamine) and acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), the drug implicated in date rape, belongs to the class of: a) Sedative-hypnotic agents b) Opioids c) Stimulants d) Hallucinogens e) Antidepressants
a) Sedative-hypnotic agents
Which one of the following food additives is correctly matched with the intended purpose?: a) Smoke - Flavouring Agent b) Nitrite - Prevent Oxidation of Fats c) Sugar - Prevent Oxidation of Fruit d) Ascorbic Acid - Bind Metals e) Sulphur Dioxide - Impart a red colour to ham and bacon
a) Smoke - Flavouring Agent
Which of the following pairs is CORRECTLY matched? a) Synapse - junction between an axon (nerve) terminal and a cell body or dendrite b) Reticular activating system - controls emotions and mood c) Limbic system - maintains consciousness and alertness d) GABA - a powerful excitatory synaptic transmitter e) Endorphin - a brain chemical whose activity is mimicked by benzodiazepines
a) Synapse - junction between an axon (nerve) terminal and a cell body or dendrite
All of the following statements are correct except: a) The Ames test is a definitive diagnostic screening test which determines whether a substance is a carcinogen in humans or not b) It is difficult to determine a cause and effect relationship for cancer causing agents in humans because humans are exposed to many chemicals and substances during their lifetime c) Anticancer drugs can be potentially carcinogenic d) The initiation step in carcinogenesis is an irreversible process e) The promotion step of carcinogenesis is the process of promoting the transformed cell (the cancer cell) to grow into a tumour mass
a) The Ames test is a definitive diagnostic screening test which determines whether a substance is a carcinogen in humans or not
All of the following statements regarding pesticides are correct except: a) The acute toxicity of DDT in humans is associated with central nervous system depression b) The organophosphorus insecticides are very toxic to humans c) An antidote for organophosphorus insecticide poisoning is pralidoxime (2-PAM) d) Carbamate insecticides have a mechanism of action similar to organophosphorus compounds, but are generally less toxic in humans e) Malathion and parathion are metabolically activated by insects
a) The acute toxicity of DDT in humans is associated with central nervous system depression
All of the following statements are correct except: a) The first legislation aimed at controlling air pollution was introduced in the 1950s b) When considering gaseous air pollutants, one part per million is equivalent to one volume of pollutants per 10 volumes of air c) The burning of coal and oil is related to acid rain production d) Efficient combustion of fossil fuels is associated with a high CO2/CO ratio e) Gaseous air pollutants include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone
a) The first legislation aimed at controlling air pollution was introduced in the 1950s
All of the following are correct except: a) The main goal of treatment for many types of cancer is to manage the disease, as a cure is not always possible b) Anticancer drugs may kill tumour cells by inhibiting protein synthesis or by inhibiting cell division c) Normal cells also experience the adverse effects of anticancer drugs, especially rapidly dividing cells such as cells in the bone marrow d) Therapy with a combination of anticancer drugs is considered inadvisable and is not useful e) Hormones and hormone antagonists are used to treat hormone sensitive tumours
a) The main goal of treatment for many types of cancer is to manage the disease, as a cure is not always possible
A withdrawal syndrome, indicative of physical independence is: a) The primary cause of compulsive drug use b) An inevitable consequence of drug use c) An unmasking of compensatory response in the central nervous system d) Equally severe with all major drugs of abuse e) Caused by excessive dopamine release in the brain
a) The primary cause of compulsive drug use
Which of the following statements is incorrect? a) Use of a diaphragm in combination with a spermicidal jelly is more effective as a contraceptive than the estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives b) Tubal ligation and vasectomy should be considered as permanent forms of contraception c) There are no male oral contraceptives available in Canada d) Mifepristone (ru-489) is an anti progesterone and is taken after a missing period e) A complication of the intrauterine device is heavy menstrual bleeding
a) Use of a diaphragm in combination with a spermicidal jelly is more effective as a contraceptive than the estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives
Xeropthalmia (dry eye) which can lead to visual impairment and blindness is associated with a deficiency of: a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin K e) Vitamin B
a) Vitamin A
The neurotransmitter which mediates activity of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system is: a) Serotonin b) Acetylcholine c) Endorphin d) Norepinephrine e) Dopamine
b) Acetylcholine
Which of the following methods is the most effective method of contraception? a) Condom b) Estrogen-progestin combination preparation (the pill) c) Diaphragm and spermicidal jelly d) Tubal ligation e) Progestin-containing preparation (the mini pill)
b) Estrogen-progestin combination preparation (the pill)
The mechanism of action of penicillin is best described as: a) Inhibition of protein synthesis in bacteria b) Inhibition of the synthesis of the cell wall in bacteria c) Inhibition of p-aminobenzoic acid synthesis in bacteria d) Inhibition of DNA function in bacteria e) Inhibition of mitochondrial function in bacteria
b) Inhibition of the synthesis of the cell wall in bacteria
Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is correct? a) It is an uncommon cause of coronary artery disease b) It is the buildup of fatty plaques on the inside walls of arteries c) The condition is completely reversible if treated properly d) Atheroma is a malignant tumour on the inside walls of arteries e) It is more common in females during child bearing period
b) It is the buildup of fatty plaques on the inside walls of arteries
All of the following statements correctly apply to gossypol EXCEPT: a) It is derived from cotton seed oil b) It produces a contraceptive effect that is not reversible after discontinuation of the drug c) It decreases sperm count when taken orally d) It can cause skeletal muscle weakness e) It is widely used in China
b) It produces a contraceptive effect that is not reversible after discontinuation of the drug
All of the following statements are correct except: a) Fish is the major source of mercury intake for Canadians b) Methylmercury is the least toxic mercury compound c) Moonshine whisky, automobile exhaust and home made glazed pottery are potential sources of lead poisoning d) Mercury is a naturally occurring element e) Lead is a naturally occurring element
b) Methylmercury is the least toxic mercury compound
The most common route of drug administration is: a) Intravenous b) Oral c) Inhalation d) Rectal e) Subcutaneous
b) Oral
All of the following terms are correctly matched with an appropriate explanation except: a) Selective toxicity - the injury of one kind of living matter without harming some other kind b) Potency - the maximum effect that is obtainable from a drug c) Anti-Metabolite - chemical that antagonizes the action of a substance that is required for the metabolism of a living cell or organism d) Parenteral route - a route such that the gastrointestinal tract is bypassed e) LD50 - Median lethal dose
b) Potency - the maximum effect that is obtainable from a drug
Which of the following statements is correct: a) Feverfew is recommend by herbalists for the treatment of migraine headaches b) Preparations of Feverfew, a natural product, are remarkably consistent in the amount of active ingredients delivered in a dose c) Chronic use of Comfrey may lead to liver damage d) Devil's Claw is recommended by herbalists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (arthritis) e) The use of herbal drugs should be based on well designed clinical trials
b) Preparations of Feverfew, a natural product, are remarkably consistent in the amount of active ingredients delivered in a dose
Norplant (L-norgestre) is best described as: a) Estrogen b) Progestin c) Antiestrogen d) Antiprogestin e) Androgen
b) Progestin
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? a) Epinephrine - decreases release of norepinephrine b) Propranolol - blocks sympathetic activity in the heart c) Atropine - mimics parasympathetic activity d) Amphetamine - decreases release of norepinephrine e) Acetylcholine - decreases contraction of the urinary bladder
b) Propranolol - blocks sympathetic activity in the heart
Which of the following functions is carried out by the hypothalamus? a) Respiratory function b) Regulation of body temperature and metabolism c) Wakefulness d) Memory e) Coordination of motor movement
b) Regulation of body temperature and metabolism
Which of the following statements concerning angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) is correct? a) They are contraindicated in bronchial asthma b) They can be used in the presence of diabetes mellitus c) They block the action of angiotensin 2 d) They may cause hypokalemia e) They are safe in pregnancy
b) They can be used in the presence of diabetes mellitus
Which of the following statements is correct: a) Vitamin E deficiency is the most common form of vitamin deficiency in Canada b) Vitamin D excess will have adverse effects on the bone c) Vitamin C has a definite response to cure the common cold d) Vitamin B excess will lead to reduced night vision e) Vitamin E is one of the most toxic vitamins when taken in excess
b) Vitamin D excess will have adverse effects on the bone
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of placebo? a) A tablet containing a small amount of the active ingredient used as a control b) A tablet containing a second drug similar to the one being test but of known efficacy c) A tablet that does not contain an active ingredient but looks like the tablet being tested d) A tablet that contains an active ingredient but looks like the tablet being tested e) A tablet that contains the active ingredient being tested
c) A tablet that does not contain an active ingredient but looks like the tablet being tested
Which of the following statements regarding over the counter drugs is INCORRECT?: a) The second generation (newer) antihistamines produce less sedation than the old antihistamines b) Ibuprofen is an effective antipyretic (reduces fever) c) Acetaminophen has been used in certain forms of arthritis as it is an excellent anti-inflammatory agent d) Laxatives are often overused by the public e) Antacids which contain sodium bicarbonate are considered systemic antacids
c) Acetaminophen has been used in certain forms of arthritis as it is an excellent anti-inflammatory agent
Which of the following statements does not apply to over the counter antitussives (cough medication)? a) Antitussive preparation often contain codeine or dextromethorphan and alcohol, sugar, and an expectorant b) Over the counter antitussives often do not contain a sufficient amount of the active ingredient to be fully effective c) As cough is a physiologic phenomenon, over the counter antitussives do not elicit a placebo response d) The over the counter antitussive preparation of choice is one which contains a full therapeutic dose of dextromethorphan HBr e) Codeine and dextromethorphan HBr are effective cough suppressants if used in adequate doses
c) As cough is a physiologic phenomenon, over the counter antitussives do not elicit a placebo response
All of the following are correct except: a) Poison ivy dermatitis is one of the most common allergic skin disorders b) Calamine lotion is an over the counter drug for the treatment of mild poison ivy dermatitis c) Barrier creams offer good protection against poison ivy dermatitis d) Following contact with poison ivy, washing the affected area within one hour of contact with strong detergent may be effective in preventing the dermatitis e) Sensitivity to poison ivy varies markedly among different people
c) Barrier creams offer good protection against poison ivy dermatitis
Which of the following effects or conditions is not considered to be a result of the use of estrogen-progestive oral contraceptives? a) Thromboembolic disease (blood clots) b) Cerebrovascular disease (Stroke) c) Breast Cancer d) Hypertensive (high blood pressure) e) Nausea and weight gain
c) Breast Cancer
Based on their effectiveness, all of the following drugs would be appropriate to stock in a home remedy cabinet EXCEPT: a) Acetaminophen (analgesic) b) Hydrocortisone cream c) Cetrizine (antihistamine) d) Loperamide (antidiarrheal) e) Glyceryl guaiacolate (expectorant)
c) Cetrizine (antihistamine)
Beta adrenergic receptor blockers produce their cardioprotective effect through: a) Stimulation of myocardial contractility b) Increase in the cardiac output c) Decrease of heart rate d) Increase of myocardial oxygen demand e) Enhancing renin secretion
c) Decrease of heart rate
Drug A wil relieve moderate pain when administered at a dose of 10mg, and Drug B will relieve pain of the same intensity when given at a dose of 1mg. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a) Drug A is more efficacious than Drug B b) Drug A is more potent than Drug B c) Drug B is more potent than Drug A d) Drug B is more efficacious than Drug A e) Drug A and Drug B have the same potency
c) Drug B is more potent than Drug A
Which of the following statements is incorrect? a) Clomiphene is classified as an anti-estrogen and is used to induce ovulation b) A problem associated with clomiphene is an increased incidence of multiple births c) Estrogens given to treat symptoms associated with the menopausal syndrome will reduce the incidence and severity of osteoporosis d) The combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives have been definitely associated with an increased incidence of mammary carcinoma e) Estrogens can increase the synthesis of co-factors required for coagulation
c) Estrogens given to treat symptoms associated with the menopausal syndrome will reduce the incidence and severity of osteoporosis
Which of the following herbal preparations is considered by herbalists to be an "adaptogen?" a) Comfrey b) Kava c) Ginseng d) Valerian e) St. John's Wort
c) Ginseng
All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT: a) Mouth washes and gargles may give temporary relief from a sore throat b) It has been suggested that table salt in warm water my be useful as a gargle c) Humidification of the room air can beneficial for an individual with a sore throat d) Aspergum (chewing gum containing aspirin) is an effective and appropriate drug for treating a sore throat e) A number of authorities advocate the consumption of fluids, including chicken soup for an individual suffering from a cold
c) Humidification of the room air can beneficial for an individual with a sore throat
All of the following are correct except: a) Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is an effective analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent b) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is an effective analgesic and antipyretic agent c) Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic and antipyretic, but it is not an anti-inflammatory agent d) Acetylsalicylic acid may cause gastric (stomach) irritation e) In large overdoses, acetaminophen can cause liver damage
c) Ibuprofen is an effective analgesic and antipyretic, but it is not an anti-inflammatory agent
Which of the following is not an anabolic function of male sex steroids (e.g testosterone)? a) Increased skeletal muscle mass b) Decreased percentage of body fat c) Increased sperm production d) Increased total body nitrogen retention e) Increased retention of several electrolytes (salts)
c) Increased sperm production
The most common route of drug administration for a drug that is inactivated by the enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract is: a) Inhalation b) Subcutaneous c) Intravenous d) Rectal e) Sublingual
c) Intravenous
All of the following statements regarding paraquat are correct except: a) It has been used to destroy marijuana fields b) Ingestion of it can lead to burns to the mouth and stomach c) Its principal target organ for toxicity, regardless of the route of exposure is the liver d) Improper storage of it has led to accidental poisonings e) It is a herbicide
c) Its principal target organ for toxicity, regardless of the route of exposure is the liver
The most rational drug treatment for traveller's diarrhea is: a) Kaolin, pectin and atropine b) Atropine and tincture of opium c) Loperamide (Imodium) d) Kaolin and pectin with phenobarbital e) Tincture of opium with neomycin
c) Loperamide (Imodium)
Which of the following statements is correct? a) Cannabis is widely used as a sedative and hypnotic b) The main use of cannabis is in the manufacture of rope c) Marijuana is considered a narcotic under legislation d) Hashish oil is obtained from the stems f the cannabis plant e) Cannabis smoke contains very little, if any carinogens
c) Marijuana is considered a narcotic under legislation
All of the following are aggravating factors of congestive heart failure except: a) Hypertension b) Thyrotoxicosis c) Physical inactivity d) Anemia e) Coronary artery disease
c) Physical inactivity
Which of the following agents is correct?: a) Sodium benzoate, when used as a preservative, has exhibited a high degree of toxicity b) Canada allows the use of antibiotics as food preservatives c) Sodium nitrite has been added to food to prevent the growth of clostridium botulinum d) Lipid soluble antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene) are added to fruit to prevent browning e) Aspartame has been shown to cause cancer in rats
c) Sodium nitrite has been added to food to prevent the growth of clostridium botulinum
Which of the following statements is correct? a) The active ingredients in cannabis bind to the o-adrenergic receptor b) The medical use of cannabis (smoked) has been approved by Health Canada c) The active ingredient in cannabis is slowly metabolized such that a user may test positive days after smoking cannabis d) Cannabis use does not impair motor coordination e) Cannabis, unlike ethanol, does not impair cognitive function
c) The active ingredient in cannabis is slowly metabolized such that a user may test positive days after smoking cannabis
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? a) Adding sodium nitrite to prepared meat imparts a pleasing red colour b) The addition of silicates keeps flour free-flowing c) The addition of antibiotics as a food preservative is a rational and effective manner to preserve food d) Sequestrants such as EDTA are added to food to bind metals e) Butylated hydroxytoluene is added to food to prevent the oxidation of fat
c) The addition of antibiotics as a food preservative is a rational and effective manner to preserve food
In a controlled trial, the use of a double-blind, placebo-controlled design is best described as: a) Only the patient does not know whether they are taking active drug or placebo b) Only the physician does not know whether the patient is taking drug or placebo c) The physician who assesses the patient and the patient do not know whether the patient is taking drug or placebo d) The physician and patient do not know whether the patient is taking the drug or a placebo, but the nurse who assesses the patient knows the identity of the preparation taken e) Only the nurse who administers the drug knows its identity
c) The physician who assesses the patient and the patient do not know whether the patient is taking drug or placebo
All of the following statements regarding tobacco smoke are correct EXCEPT: a) Nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide all contribute to its adverse effects b) Tens of thousands of deaths per year in Canada are attributable to smoking c) There are approximately 40 different chemicals in a cigarette smoke d) It contains both procarcinogens and agents that promote tumour growth e) 80-90% of lung cancers have been attributed to cigarette smoking
c) There are approximately 40 different chemicals in a cigarette smoke
Which of the following statements is correct? a) Athletes who compete in precision sports use propranolol to regulate the heart beat b) The benzodiazepines (diazepam) are used by ski jumpers to relieve anxiety before the jump c) Weight lifters often use diuretics in order to reduce the body weight and hence they can compete in a lighter weight class d) The process of stacking (using several drugs) is employed in an attempt to circumvent detection of drug use by athletes and is usually successful e) The amphetamines will increase speed and endurance during an athletic performance
c) Weight lifters often use diuretics in order to reduce the body weight and hence they can compete in a lighter weight class
The incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer in men peaked and started to decline in the mid 1980s, whereas in women, the incidence and mortality rates for lung cancer continue to rise because: a) There is a 20 year latent period between time of exposure to the cancer causing agent (tobacco smoke) and the onset of lung cancer b) More men than women were exposed to Mustard gas (a chemical warfare agent) during WW2 c) Smoking became popular for men around the time of WW1 and it did not become popular for women until the time of WW2 d) Among men, tobacco use began to drop in the mid 1960s and among women, smoking rates began to decline only in the mid 1980s e) Men and women are exposed to different occupational carcinogens in the workplace
d) Among men, tobacco use began to drop in the mid 1960s and among women, smoking rates began to decline only in the mid 1980s
Mifepristone (RU-486) is best described as a: a) Progestin b) Estrogen c) Antiestrogen d) Antiprogestin e) Androgen
d) Antiprogestin
Which of the following statements concerning benzodiazepines and barbiturates is correct? a) They both have a wide safety margin b) Benzodiazepine have a greater potential for drug tolerance and dependence c) They do not enhance the depressant effects of alcohol on the brain d) Benzodiazepines produce less interference with sleep patterns compared to barbiturates e) They both produce effects by acting on benzodiazepines receptors
d) Benzodiazepines produce less interference with sleep patterns compared to barbiturates
To which of the following receptors does the active ingredient in cannabis bind? a) D2 b) B1 c) o d) CB1 e) M3
d) CB1
A person who has experienced severe respiratory depression due to overdose of a psychoactive drug was successfully treated with naloxone. Which of the following likely produced the respiratory depression in this person?: a) Heroin b) Diazepam c) Amphetamine d) Chlorpromazine e) Phenobarbital
d) Chlorpromazine
All of the following statements are correct except: a) Ingestion of paint chips is a potential source of lead exposures in humans b) Exposure to lead can cause anemia c) DDT is an organ chlorine insecticide d) DDT is effective for destroying marijuana plants e) Many insects are now resistant to DDT
d) DDT is effective for destroying marijuana plants
Which of the following drugs is not indicated for the treatment of angina pectoris? a) Propranolol b) Nifedipine c) Nitroglycerin d) Digoxin e) Isosorbide Dinitrate
d) Digoxin
All of the following are correctly matched except: a) Water soluble - Vitamin C b) Fat soluble vitamin - Vitamin A c) Water soluble vitamin - Vitamin B (pyridoxine) d) Fat soluble vitamin - Vitamin B (Cyanocobalamin) e) Fat soluble vitamin - Vitamin D
d) Fat soluble vitamin - Vitamin B (Cyanocobalamin)
Which of the following statements is incorrect? a) Caffeine concentrations in the urine of an athlete are allowed providing the concentration does not exceed that expected to result from the intake of two to three cups of coffee b) Blood doping is the process of collecting the athletes blood and infusing the stored blood a few days before the competition c) Diuretics are used by athletes to remove body water and hence reduce weight d) Growth hormone is not used by athletes as it can be easily detected in urine e) Erythropoietin is a protein that stimulates red blood cell formation
d) Growth hormone is not used by athletes as it can be easily detected in urine
Which of the following mechanisms is the basis of the therapeutic action of simvastatin? a) Prevention of reabsorption of bilc acids from the small intestine b) Inhibition of secretion of VLDL in the liver c) Increase breakdown of HDL in the liver d) Inhibition of HMG CoA reductase enzyme activity e) Blockade of serotonin receptors
d) Inhibition of HMG CoA reductase enzyme activity
According to theories of depression, the symptoms of this disorder are due to: a) Deficiency of serotonin or norepinephrine in the brain b) Deficiency of brain serotonin alone c) Deficiency of brain norepinephrine alone d) Over-activity of brain dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin e) Deficiency of acetylcholine in the brain
d) Over-activity of brain dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin
Which of the following statements concerning nicotine is correct? a) 100% of nicotine in a cigarette is absorbed after "normal" smoking and inhalation b) Nicotine has no usefulness as an aid to help cessation of smoking cigarettes c) Nicotine has no effects on heart rate and blood pressure d) Physical and psychological dependence occur to nicotine e) Cigarette smoking is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, but not cancer of other body organs
d) Physical and psychological dependence occur to nicotine
Which of the following statements is incorrect? a) Tolerance develops to psychoactive properties of cannabis with long-term high dose use b) The euphoria elicited by cannabis is less intense than that produced by cocaine c) The effects of cannabis can on occasion manifest as pseudo-hallucinations d) The Cardiovascular effects of cannabis are serious and often irreversible e) Cannabis has been reported to reduce the sex drive in males
d) The Cardiovascular effects of cannabis are serious and often irreversible
All of the following statements are correct except: a) Acute toxicity is usually associated with a single exposure to a toxicant b) Chronic toxicity is usually associated with repeated exposures to a relatively small dose of toxicant c) Acute toxic effects are usually more obvious than are chronic toxic effects d) The acute toxic effects of arsenic are virtually identical to its chronic toxic effects e) Doses resulting in acute toxicity are usually relatively large
d) The acute toxic effects of arsenic are virtually identical to its chronic toxic effects
The concept of RDDA (recommended by daily dietary allowance) of a vitamin is best described as: a) The daily intake of a vitamin required to treat a deficiency of that vitamin b) The daily intake of a vitamin that is sufficient during stress and pregnancy c) The daily amount of a vitamin that is sufficient to prevent deficiency of that vitamin even in the face of a very restrictive diet d) The daily amount of a vitamin required to keep the bulk of the population healthy e) The daily amount of a vitamin required to treat cancer
d) The daily amount of a vitamin required to keep the bulk of the population healthy
All of the following statements regarding tobacco smoke effects are correct except: a) Smokers have an increased risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack) b) Carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke decreases the availability of oxygen to tissues c) Smoking has adverse effects on plasma lipids associated with cardiovascular disease d) The development of chemopreventive agents which decrease formation of ultimate carcinogens from pro carcinogens will likely make cigarette smoking safe e) Smokers have an increased risk of stroke
d) The development of chemopreventive agents which decrease formation of ultimate carcinogens from pro carcinogens will likely make cigarette smoking safe
All of the following statements regarding over the counter drugs are correct EXCEPT: a) Labels on all new OTC medicines must list the complete quantitative formula of active ingredients b) OTC medicine have frequently but incorrectly been referred to as "non-drug drugs" c) There are no well-substantiated differences in the clinical effectiveness among standard aspirin tablets d) The regular use of OTC medication is of little or no significance to the physician when examining a patient or diagnosing his/her illness. e) The value and effectiveness of OTC medications must be evaluated on the basis of well designed, controlled clinical trials.
d) The regular use of OTC medication is of little or no significance to the physician when examining a patient or diagnosing his/her illness.
Aflatoxin B is: a) A potent carcinogen b) May be partly responsible for the higher incidence of liver cancer in China and central Africa c) An example of a naturally occurring carcinogen d) Formed by the fungus Aspergillus Flavus e) All of the above
e) All of the above
Psychological (psychic) dependence is associated with which of the following drug classes? a) Stimulants b) Sedative-hypnotics c) Opioids d) Hallucinogens (L.S.D - like drugs) e) All of the above
e) All of the above
The reason for differences in the types and numbers of cancers affecting the developing world and the developed world is: a) Differences in detection methods b) Differences in reporting of cancers c) Differences in regulation of hazardous chemicals in the workplace d) Relocation of hazardous industries from the developed world to the developing world e) All of the above
e) All of the above
Which of the following agents produce drug tolerance following chronic use? a) Opiates b) Barbiturates c) Amphetamines d) Cocaine e) All of the above
e) All of the above
Side effects caused by organic nitrates include all of the following except: a) Headache b) Flushing c) Hypotension d) Dizziness e) Bradycardia
e) Bradycardia
All of the following drugs are correctly matched with their classification except: a) Chlorpromazine - antipsychotic b) Fluoxetine (Prozac) - antidepressant c) Lithium - anti maniac depression agent d) Diazepam (Valium) - anti anxiety agent e) Cocaine - an opioid agent
e) Cocaine - an opioid agent
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?: a) Devil's Claw has been shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases b) Herbal products do not produce drug interactions when taken together with prescription drugs c) Feverfew is often used as a sedative and hypnotic d) Valerian is effective in aborting a migraine headache e) Echinacea is recommended by herbalists for the treatment of the common cold
e) Echinacea is recommended by herbalists for the treatment of the common cold
A patient allergic to penicillin G is allergic to all penicillin products. In view of this fact, which of the following antibiotics could be considered for use in a patient allergic to penicillin G? a) Cloxacillin b) Penicillin V c) Ampicillin d) Carbenicillin e) Erythromycin
e) Erythromycin
Which of the following is not a risk factor for hypertension and coronary artery disease? a) Age b) Family history c) Obesity d) Smoking e) Female sex
e) Female sex
All of the following statements is CORRECT except: a) Food additives are substances intended for human consumption which do not necessarily have nutritive value b) Food additives can be synthetic compounds added to foodstuffs c) Food additives are regulated by the Federal government health authorities d) Food additives can be naturally occurring compounds added to foodstuffs e) Food additives are always non-toxic
e) Food additives are always non-toxic
Which of the following is not an effect associated with acute ethanol-induced CNS depression? a) Sleep b) Anesthesia c) Relief of Anxiety d) Abnormal behaviour e) Induction of seizures
e) Induction of seizures
All of the following are techniques used in drug advertising except: a) Instill fear in the consumer b) Use of celebrity figures to sell the product c) Use of a drug as an easy solution for a problem d) Comparison between taking and after taking the drug e) One manufacturer praises the products of other manufacturers as well as their own
e) One manufacturer praises the products of other manufacturers as well as their own
Lithium produces its therapeutic effect by: a) Blocking serotonin receptors b) Activating norepinephrine (NE) receptors c) Stabilizing norepinephrine (NE) activity by normalizing NE release, uptake and action on NE receptors d) Inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin e) Specifically blocking the action of dopamine on its receptors
e) Specifically blocking the action of dopamine on its receptors
Which of the following herbal medicines is sold as a mild sedative and hypnotic? a) Diazepam b) Hawthorne c) Opium d) Liquorice e) Valerian
e) Valerian