Pharm Ch 7, prep u + roach vocab
A 4-year-old client being discharged from the hospital is ordered an oral-suspension cephalosporin. When the nurse instructs the mother to store the bottle in the refrigerator, the mother asks, "Why does that matter?" The nurse's best response would be which?
"Drugs that require refrigeration lose potency if kept at room temperature."
The nurse is caring for a client whose prescribed course of cefaclor will soon be completed. What health education should the nurse provide to the client?
"Make sure to avoid drinking any alcohol for the next three days."
A postoperative client is ordered Keflex 250 mg every 6 hours for 5 days. How much Keflex will the client receive in a 24-hour period?
1 Gram
The nurse is giving instructions to a client who is being discharged home with a prescription for Augmentin. The nurse informs the client that the best time to take this medication is:
1 hour before meals and 2 hours after a meal.
Penicillins may trigger an anaphylactic reaction in some clients. Within what period following injection of a penicillin is anaphylaxis most likely to occur?
30 minutes
A client has been prescribed 200 mg of cefpodoxime every 12 hours. On hand are 25-milligram tablets. To meet the prescribed dose, the nurse administers ___________ tablets at each dosage.
8
Penicillin would NOT be indicated for which of the following clients?
A client with gram-negative bacteria allergic to penicillin
A client on cephalosporin therapy is prescribed cefazolin for a sinus infection. After administration of the first dose of the cefazolin, the client reports itching. The nursing assessment reveals a rash over the client's torso. What is the most likely cause of the itching?
A cross-sensitivity reaction.
When learning about the different classes of cephalosporins, the nurse correctly identifies which of the following statements?
A first-generation cephalosporin is more useful than a third-generation cephalosporin against gram-positive microorganisms.
The client calls the clinic to report the he is experiencing a throbbing headache and his face is flushed. The client received cefotetan as an IV antibiotic prior to a minor surgical procedure the day before, and returned home that same day. What has this client consumed that has caused this reaction?
Alcohol
Beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins, fight infection by inhibiting development of the causative bacteria. What specific component development do these drugs affect?
Cell wall synthesis
Oral ampicillin has been ordered for a client whose urinary tract infection will be treated in a home setting. When providing antibiotic teaching to this client, the nurse should stress which instruction?
Drink a full glass of water when taking a dose of the drug.
Natural penicillins have been available since 1941 to treat infections. What problem has developed since 1941?
Drug-resistant strains of microorganisms have developed.
A client taking a cephalosporin for a respiratory infection informs the nurse that her tongue feels funny and has white patches on it. She asks the nurse what could be wrong. The nurse informs the client that she has developed which?
Fungal superinfection
What potential adverse reaction is most likely to develop during cefazolin therapy?
Gastrointestinal upset
A client is prescribed penicillin V orally for a strep throat. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?
It inhibits cell wall synthesis.
The nurse is administering penicillin to a client who has strep throat. Which of the following statements accurately describe the action of penicillin?
It is effective against gram-positive organisms
Some combination antibacterial drugs consist of a penicillin and a beta-lactamase inhibitor. What is the primary purpose of a beta-lactamase inhibitor in one of these drugs?
It protects the penicillin.
An older adult is to receive a low dose of a cephalosporin for an infection. When realizing that this client has age-related diminished renal function, what intervention should the nurse implement?
Monitor blood creatinine levels.
Michael, 25 years old, has had mitral valve regurgitation since age four, after having rheumatic fever. Michael is planning to go to his dentist to have his teeth cleaned. Because of Michael's history he will need to take antibiotics in conjunction with this procedure to prevent bacteremia. Which class of antibiotics will Michael most likely receive if he has no allergies?
Penicillin
A 36-year-old client with a history of rheumatic fever is scheduled for dental surgery. The primary care provider orders this client to take penicillin for 3 days before and for 3 days after surgery. This is a case of which type of therapy?
Prophylaxis
A 64-year-old client is admitted to your unit with exacerbation of chronic heart failure and pneumonia and started on cefixime. On the third hospital day, you are assessing the client and note white patches in his mouth, and he is complaining of diarrhea. What would be the most likely reason for these symptoms?
The client has developed a superinfection because the antibiotic has destroyed the normal bacterial flora in his body.
A client is taking penicillin for an upper respiratory infection. The client calls the office after 2 days of therapy reporting nausea and abdominal pain. Which would be the best instruction for the nurse to give the client?
These are normal side effects, but if they increase in severity or frequency, you need to contact the office again.
The client has a severe infection in the leg from a boating accident. A diagnosis has been made of the presence of MRSA. MRSA can best be defined as which?
a bacteria resistant to antibiotics
cross-sensitivity
allergy to drugs in the same or related groups
A client has just received a first dose of intravenous nafcillin when he immediately begins to have difficulty breathing and loses consciousness. The nurse takes the client's vital signs: blood pressure is 88/50 with a pulse oxygenation of 88%.What should the nurse suspect?
anaphylactic reaction
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
bacterium that is resistant to methicillin
synthesis
combining or growing a number of different parts to make a new item
culture and sensitivity test
culture of bacteria to determine to which antibiotic the microorganism is sensitive
nephrotoxicity
damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance
malaise
discomfort, uneasiness
pathogens
disease-producing microorganisms
penicillinase
enzyme produced by bacteria that deactivates penicillin
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)
fever, cough, muscular aches and pains, headache, and lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes; the lesions appear as red wheals or blisters, often starting on the face, in the mouth, or on the lips, neck, and extremities
otitis media
infection of the middle ear
stomatitis
inflammation of a cavity opening, such as the oral cavity
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of a vein with clot formation
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
angioedema
localized wheals or swellings in subcutaneous tissues or mucous membranes, which may be caused by an allergic response
A 25-year-old woman is being treated with penicillin G as prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis prior to a dental procedure. The nurse should question the client concerning her the use of:
oral contraceptives.
perioperative
pertaining to the preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative period
bacterial resistance
phenomenon by which a bacteria-produced substance inactivates or destroys an antibiotic drug
beta-lactam (β-lactam) ring
portion of the penicillin drug molecule that can break a bacterial cell wall
prophylaxis
prevention
The nurse knows that superinfections are a concern for clients who have been taking oral penicillins. Which is one of the more common superinfections?
pseudomembranous colitis
The nurse has administered the first dose of a client's newly-prescribed antibiotic. What assessment finding should the nurse interpret as adverse effect that suggests a more serious concern?
rash to the face and trunk
The nurse is aware that drug resistance has significantly increased. Client education must be reinforced so that complete regimens of medications are taken. In which situation would one expect to find an issue with drug resistance?
residents in a long-term care facility
pseudomembranous colitis
severe, life-threatening form of diarrhea that occurs when normal flora of the bowel is eliminated and replaced with Clostridium difficile (C. diff ) bacteria
anaphylactic reactions
unusual or exaggerated allergic reactions; see anaphylactic shock
