Pharm ch2
What does the lipid solubility of the drug influence? A) Absorption of the drug B) Metabolism of the drug C) Excretion of the drug D) Distribution of the drug
D
A nurse is caring for a patient taking multiple drugs and is concerned about a possible drug-drug interaction. What is the nurse's first and best means of avoiding this problem? A) Consult a drug guide. B) Call the pharmacist. C) Contact the provider. D) Ask another nurse.
A
The nurse administers a specific medication to an older adult patient every 4 hours. The patient has a history of chronic renal failure. Why would this patient be at risk for toxic drug levels? A) Cumulative effect B) First-pass effect C) Drug interactions D) Cross-tolerance effect
A
The nurse uses what term to describe the drug level required to have a therapeutic effect? A) Critical concentration B) Dynamic equilibrium C) Selective toxicity D) Active transport
A
The nursing students are learning about the half-life of drugs. A student asks the instructor to explain half-life. What is the instructor's best response? A) Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half of the peak level it previously achieved. B) Half-life is the amount of time it takes for the drug to be metabolized by the body. C) Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to reach peak level in the body. D) Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to reach half its potential peak level in the body.
A
The patient is taking a drug that affects the body by increasing cellular activity. Where does this drug work on the cell? A) Receptor sites B) Cell membrane C) Golgi body D) Endoplasmic reticulum
A
The patient, diagnosed with cancer, is receiving morphine sulfate (a potent narcotic pain reliever) to relieve cancer pain. Approximately every 7 days the medication is no longer effective in controlling the patient's pain and a larger dose is needed to have the same effect. How might the nurse explain why this is happening? A) Tolerance B) Cumulation C) Interactions D) Addiction
A
The processes involved in dynamic equilibrium are key elements in the nurse's ability to determine what? A) Dosage scheduling B) Amount of solution for mixing parenteral drugs C) Timing of other drugs the patient is taking D) How long the patient has to take the drug
A
The student nurse asks the instructor why a patient with a central nervous system infection is receiving antibiotics that will not cross the blood-brain barrier. What is the instructor's most correct response? A) A severe infection alters the blood-brain barrier to allow the drug to cross. B) A medication that is water soluble is more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier. C) Antibiotics are the exception to the blood-brain barrier and cross easily. D) An infection that spreads outside the central nervous system helps drugs cross the barrier.
A
The nurse promotes optimal drug effectiveness by doing what? (Select all that apply.) A) Incorporate basic history and physical assessment factors into the plan of care. B) Evaluate the effectiveness of drugs after they have been administered. C) Modify the drug regimen to modify adverse or intolerable effects. D) Minimize the number of medications administered to patients. E) Examine factors known to influence specific drugs if they are to be effective.
A,B,C,E
Several processes enable a drug to reach a specific concentration in the body. Together they are called dynamic equilibrium. What are these processes? (Select all that apply.) A) Distribution to the active site B) Biotransformation C) Absorption from the muscle D) Excretion E) Interaction with other drugs
A,B,D
A nurse is administering digoxin to a patient. To administer medications so that the drug is as effective as possible, the nurse needs to consider what? A) Pharmacotherapeutics B) Pharmacokinetics C) Pharmacoeconomics D) Pharmacogenomics
B
A nurse is caring for a patient who is supposed to receive two drugs at the same time. What is the nurse's priority action? A) Wash her hands before handling the medications. B) Consult a drug guide for compatibility. C) Question the patient concerning drug allergies. D) Identify the patient by checking the armband and asking the patient to state his name.
B
A nurse is working as a member of a research team involved in exploring the unique response to drugs each individual displays based on genetic make-up. What is this area of study is called? A) Pharmacotherapeutics B) Pharmacodynamics C) Pharmacoeconomics D) Pharmacogenomics
D
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range? A) 30 minutes B) 1 hour C) 2 hours D) 3 hours
B
The patient is taking a 2-mg dose of ropinerol XR. The drug has a half-life of 12 hours. How long will it be before only 0.25 mg of this drug remains in the patient's system? A) 24 hours B) 36 hours C) 48 hours D) 60 hours
B
The patient is taking low dose aspirin daily for his heart. The nurse knows only a portion of the medication taken actually reaches the tissue due to what process? A) Distribution B) First-pass effect C) Reduced absorption D) Gastrointestinal circulation
B
What factor influences drug absorption? A) Kidney function B) Route of administration C) Liver function D) Cardiovascular function
B
A patient has come to the clinic and been diagnosed with Lyme disease. The physician has ordered oral tetracycline. What is important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan about tetracycline? (Select all that apply.) A) Do not take the drug with anything high in sodium content to keep from producing a state of hypernatremia in the body. B) Do not take the drug with foods or other drugs that contain calcium. C) Do not take the drug at the same time you take an iron supplement or with foods that are high in iron content. D) Avoid exposure to the sun when taking this drug as it can turn your skin purple. E) Avoid eating bananas at the same time you take this drug as the potassium content of the tetracycline can produce hyperkalemia in the body.
B,C
The nurse administers an intravenous medication with a half-life of 24 hours but recognizes what factors in this patient could extend the drug's half-life? (Select all that apply.) A) Gastrointestinal disease B) Kidney disease C) Liver disease D) Cardiovascular disease E) Route of administration
B,C,D
A patient has recently moved from Vermont to Southern Florida. The patient presents to the clinic complaining of "dizzy spells and weakness." While conducting the admission assessment, the patient tells the nurse that he have been on the same antihypertensive drug for 6 years and had stable blood pressures and no adverse effects. Since his move, he has been having problems and he feels that the drug is no longer effective. The clinic nurse knows that one possible reason for the change in the effectiveness of the drug could be what? A) The impact of the placebo effect on the patient's response. B) The accumulative effect of the drug if it has been taken for many years. C) The impact of the warmer environment on the patient's physical status. D) Problems with patient compliance with the drug regimen while on vacation.
C
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is. What is the instructor's best response? A) A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical on a different receptor site B) A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical reactions C) A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site D) A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
C
An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what? A) Spending large amounts of money on medications B) Allergic reactions to medications C) Drug-drug interactions D) Critical concentrations of medications in the body
C
Drugs do not metabolize the same way in all people. For what patient would a nurse expect to assess for an alteration in drug metabolism? A) A 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer B) A 41-year-old man with kidney stones C) A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver D) A 62-year-old woman in acute renal failure
C
The nurse administers amoxicillin 500 mg. The half-life of this drug is approximately 1 hour. At what point would the drug level in the body be 62.5 mg if the drug was not administered again? A) 1 hours after the original dose B) 2 hours after the original dose C) 3 hours after the original dose D) 4 hours after the original dose
C
The nurse is reviewing the results of the patient's laboratory tests. What must the nurse keep in mind when reviewing these results related to medication administration? A) The patient's emotional response to the disease process B) The timing of the last dose of medication relative to when blood was drawn C) The possibility of a drug-laboratory test interaction D) A change in the body's responses or actions related to the drug
C
The nurse is talking with a group of nursing students who are doing clinical hours on the unit. A student asks if all intramuscular (IM) drugs are absorbed the same. What factor would the floor nurse tell the students to affect absorption of the IM administration of drugs? A) Perfusion of blood to the subcutaneous tissue B) Integrity of the mucous membranes C) Environmental temperature D) Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract
C
The patient has a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and is taking the drug interferon beta-1a (Rebif). The patient takes this drug by subcutaneous injection three times a week. The dosage is 44 mcg per injection. If the patient takes an injection on Monday, how much of the drug would still be in the patient's system when she takes her next injection on Wednesday, assuming the half-life of the drug is 24 hours? A) 22 mcg B) 16.5 mcg C) 11 mcg D) 5.5 mcg
C
The patient is a 6-year-old child who is taking 125 mg of amoxicillin every 6 hours. Assuming that the half-life of Amoxicillin is 3 hours, how much Amoxicillin would be in the child's body at the time of the next administration of the drug? A) 62.5 mg B) 46.875 mg C) 31.25 mg D) 15.625 mg
C
What needs to happen to the protein-drug complex for the drugs to reach the cells where the drug can act? A) The protein-drug complex must break itself into smaller pieces to enter the capillaries. B) The binding site on the protein picks up a chemical to make it soluble in the serum. C) The drug must break away from the protein-binding site and float freely. D) The drug must be dissolved in the plasma so it can enter the capillaries and then the tissues.
C
While administering a medication that the nurse has researched and found to have limited effectiveness, the patient tells the nurse, "I have read all about this drug and it is such a wonder drug. I'm so lucky my doctor prescribed it because I just know it will treat my problem." The nurse suspects this drug will be more effective than usual for this patient because of what effect? A) Cumulative effect B) First-pass effect C) Placebo effect D) Cross-tolerance effect
C
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving gentamicin, 250 mg and fluconazole (Diflucan), 500 mg at the same time. The nurse knows that if these two drugs competed with each other for protein-binding sites, what would this do? A) Make the patient gentamicin deficient B) Make the patient fluconazole deficient C) Counteract any positive benefit the drugs would have D) Alter the effectiveness of both drugs
D
The nurse is explaining how medications work to a group of peers and explains that disruption of a single step in any enzyme system disrupts what? A) Cell life B) Cell membrane C) Cell receptor sites D) Cell function
D
A drug with a half-life of 4 hours is administered at a dosage of 100 mg. How much of the drug will be in the patient's system 8 hours after administration? A) 75 mg B) 50 mg C) 37.5 mg D) 25 mg
D
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving a drug by the intramuscular route but will receive the drug orally after discharge. How does the nurse explain the increased dosage prescribed for the oral dose? A) Passive diffusion B) Active transport C) Glomerular filtration D) First-pass effect
D