pharm final - jeopardy terms
these levels are used to evaluate the progress of thyroid hormone replacement
TSH
this is the name of a b-complex vitamin that is essential for normal dna and rna synthesis
folic acid or folate
nursing concerns you might have for a patient taking MAOIs
foods containing tyramine, hypertension, dizziness, cardiovascular effects, liver toxicity
the adrenal cortex secretes these three classes of steroid hormones
glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and conadocorticoids
hypersecretion of thyroid hormone results in this disorder
graves' disease
these are the 4 target organs that untreated hypertension affects
heart, brain, kidneys, and retina
this is the term used to describe the process of blood cell production; begins with stem cells
hematopoiesis
this test measures glucose bound to hemoglobin; it does not require fasting, and provides an average measure of glucose control over last 8-12 weeks prior to test
hemoglobin A1C
these are chemical mediators that are released by damaged tissue that alert the surrounding area of injury
histamine leukotrienes, bradykinin, complement, and prostaglandins
the various organs in the endocrine system secrete these
hormones
for a diagnosis of diabetes these findings are necessary
hyperglycemia; fasting blood glucose greater than 126 mg/dl on at least two separate occasions
this is the interpretation of a serum potassium lab value of 6 MEQ/L
hyperkalemia
these drugs are used to promote sleep
hypnotics
hyposecretion of testosterone results in this disorder in males
hypogonadism
this is how to interpret a serum sodium level of 133 MEQ/L
hyponatremia
contraindication to NSAIDS
impaired renal function, upper GI bleed, anticoagulation meds, allergy to ASA, alcohol abuse, pregnancy
drugs given for long control of asthma/COPD
inhaled corticosteroids
example of a schedule 2 med
morphine, fentanyl, methylphenidate, cocaine, methadone
these receptors are affected by opioids and produce pain relief and euphoria
mu and kappa receptors
this is the term used to describe early symptoms of hypothyroidism in adults
myxedema
antidote for opioid analgesics
narcan
the most important control mechanism by which the secretion and release of hormones are carefully regulated include this
negative feedback mechanism
these drugs dilate arteries and veins, reducing myocardial oxygen demand
nitrates
these drugs inhibit the enzyme HMG-COA reductase, a critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol
statins
contraindication for the GI stimulant reglan (metoclopramide)
GI obstruction or perforation
four pharmacokinetic processes -ADME
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
these drugs treat high blood pressure by interacting with the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
ace inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers
these different classes of drugs are used to treat heart failure
ace inhibitors, diuretic, cardiac glycosides, beta blockers, vasodilators, phosphodiesterase inhibitors
hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults results in this disorder
acromegaly
primary adrenocortical insufficiency is known as this
addison's disease
classification of cardiac drugs that block stimulation of SNS
adrenergic and beta blockers
any undesired response to a medication
adverse effect
this is the main mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal glands
aldosterone
there are two forms of this enzyme, present in all tissues. the first form reduces gastric acid secretion, promotes renal blood flow, and promotes platelet aggregation. the second form is present at site of injury and promotes inflammation, sensitizes pain receptors, and mediates fever in the brain. NSAIDs inhibit both forms
clycloozygenase (COX) 1 and COX 2
common side effect of all narcotics usually managed by increased fluids, fiber and stool softeners
constipation
these intravenous fluids contain electrolytes and are distributed primarily to the interstitial spaces
crystalloids
hypersecretion of corticosteroids results in this disorder
cushing's syndrome
a patient with diabetes insipidus is taking vasopressin (desmopressin). what outcome indicates this medication has the desired effect?
decrease in urine output
hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone results in this disorder
diabetes insipidus
hyposecretion of insulin results in this disorder
diabetes mellitus
these receptors are targeted when using drugs to treat schizophrenia
dopamine 2 receptors
these are abnormalities of electrical conduction or rhythm in the heart
dysrhythmias
bactericidal antibiotics that are used for urinary tract infections, respiratory, skin, bone, joint, and gi infections; pneumonia, simusitis, and infectious diarrhea. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, phototoxicity, headache, dizziness may occur. serious adverse effects uncommon but suggested that may be associated with tendon rupture
fluroquinolones
the group of bronchodilators stimulate B2 receptors in the lung
Beta2-agonists
these drugs are most efficacious drugs for ADHD
CNS stimulants
bacteria found in GI tract thought to contribute to duodenal and gastric ulcers
H. pylori
these drugs work by blocking H2 receptors in the stomach to decrease acid production; used to treat peptic ulcer disease
H2 antagonists such as Ranitidine (Zantac)
these are the primary drugs for the treatment of simple inflammation
NSAIDs
these bactericidal antibiotics have a broad spectrum of activity. oxotoxicity and hephrotoxicity may occur
aminoglycosides
this is a disorder in which the blood has a reduced capacity to carry oxygen to carry oxygen because of hemorrhage, excessive erythrocyte destruction, or insufficient erythrocyte synthesis
anemia
this is the name for acute chest pain caused by insufficient oxygen reaching a portion of the myocardium - it usually accompanies physical exertion or emotional excitement
angina
drugs used for indigestion that may have a constipating effect
antacids
these drugs are given as soon as a myocardial infarction (MI) is suspected. aspirin and clopidogrel are examples
anti-platelet drugs
meds that may be used for the treatment of manic and bi polar disorders
anti-psychotics, mood stabilizers, and anti-convulsant meds
these drugs are used to suppress neuronal activity enough to prevent abnormal or repetitive firing
anti-seizure drugs
these drugs act by blocking the effects of acetylcholine; they are used to dry secretions, treat asthma, and prevent motion sickness
anticholinergics
these drugs can reduce symptoms of panic and anxiety
antidepressants
what should the nurse check before giving the cardiac glycoside digoxin?
apical pulse rate for one full minute
teaching points for patient use of nitro patches (3)
apply to clean areas, clip (never shave) hair, rotate sites, take off at night
first step in the nursing process
assessment
this chronic pulmonary disease has both inflammatory and bronchospasm components; symptoms occur with exposure to triggers or upon exertion (exercise induced)
asthma
contraindication for non selective beta blockers
asthma or COPD
this type of dysrhythmia is usually not treated with medication
asymptomatic
these drugs are used to treat both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and produce less dramatic side effects
atypical antipsychotics
these drugs are rarely used to treat insomnia because of their adverse effects and high potential for dependency
barbiturates
thyroid hormone increases this
basal metabolic rate
nursing concerns for the patient on steroid medication
behavioral changes, eye changes such as cataracts, suppression of immune response, metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers
these are the preferred drugs for management of some anxiety disorders and insomnia
benzodiazepines
these antibiotics are effective against a wide variety of organisms
broad spectrum antibiotics
two classifications of drugs to treat asthma
bronchodilators and anti inflammatory meds
these three factors are responsible for creating blood pressure
cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood volume
nursing concerns you may have for the elderly patient taking TCAs
central nervous system and anticholinergic effects
this is the name of the protein secreted by stomach cells; you need this for vitamin B12 to be absorbed from the intestine
intrinsic factor
this is what happens if there is not insulin available to transport glucose into the cells
lipids are used as an energy source and ketones are produced as waste produced as waste products leading to diabetic ketoacidosis
diuretic that may cause hearing loss
loop diuretic furosemide (lasix)
these antibiotics are bacteriostatic and are used to treat syphilis or gonorrhea, legionnaires' disease, whooping cough; and used when the person cannot receive penicillin
macrolides
this device uses a propellant to deliver a measured dose of a drug by inhaling
metered dose inhaler (MDI)
the bactericidal antibiotic is the drug of choice against streptococci, pnuemococci, and staphylcocci organisms. few serious and adverse effects are noted but superinfections and anaphylaxis possible. diarrhea, nausea, vomiting are most common adverse effects
penicillin
these are symptoms of right sided heart failure
peripheral edema and engorgement of organs such as the liver
this is the most profound consequence of vitamin b12 deficiency
pernicious or megaloblastic anemia
what a drug does to the body
pharmacodynamics
this electrolyte for proper nerve and muscle function as well as maintaining acid-base balance
potassium
suffix of most ace inhibitors
pril
function of the kidneys
regulate fluid volume, electrolytes and acid-base balance
nursing teaching points regarding use of respiratory meds - inhalants
rinse mouth after use, increase fluid intake, vaccines as indicated
corticosteroid therapy should be given this way
shortest amount of time necessary and gradually tapered
the drug is used to treat acidosis
sodium bicarbonate
example of potassium sparing diuretic
spironlactone (aldactone)
these are bacteriostatic antibiotics, primarily used for UTIs and acute episodes of chronic bronchitis. adverse effects include skin rash, nausea, vomiting, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia. you need to drink enough water when taking these
sulfonamides
these headaches occur when muscles of the head and the neck tighten; often treated with over the counter analgesics
tension headaches
an antibiotic that may cause permanent staining of a child's teeth if taken by a pregnant woman
tetracycline
this is the term for deficiency of platelets
thrombocytopenia
these drugs are given in cases of acute myocardial infarction because they dissolve clots obstructing the coronary arteries. they need to be given within 24 hours of symptoms
thrombolytics
very high levels of circulating thyroid hormone may cause this crisis
thyroid storm
these drugs stop a migraine in process
triptans
pain experienced in deep organs
visceral
too much ADH when given as desmopressin may result in this serious adverse effect
water intoxication