Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Quiz

A nurse is reading about the development of drugs that inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system. The nurse would look for articles about which drug classes? (select all that apply) 1.) Parasympathomimetics 2.) Muscarinic blockers 3.) Cholinergics 4.) Anticholinergics

2.) Muscarinic blockers 4.) Anticholinergics

The nurse is conducting medication education about the difference between potency and efficacy to a group of patients. The nurse correctly determines that learning has occurred when the patients makes which response? a.) "The best drug for us is the one with the greatest efficacy." b.)"Low-potency drugs have efficacy and do not produce side effects." c.) "The best drug for us is the one with the highest potency." d.) "Drugs with the greatest efficacy will produce the least side effects."

a.) "The best drug for us is the one with the greatest efficacy."

The nurse is explaining to a client the concept of drug potency to the client. Which of the following statements best explains the concept? a.) "the drug with the lowest weight in mg is the most potent" b.) "a 100-mg dose is more potent than a 50 mg dose" c.) "the most important consideration in drug potency is how the drug is administered" d.) "your size and weight is what determines drug potency"

a.) "the drug with the lowest weight in mg is the most potent"

The patient is malnourished and has a low serum albumin. The physician has ordered aspirin, a highly protein-bound drug, for the patient. Which evaluation by the nurse best describes the effect this will have on the patient? a.) The patient will be at risk to experience toxic effects of the drug b.) The patient will be at risk to experience a decreased effectiveness of the drug. c.) The patient's kidneys will excrete the drug at a faster rate. d.) The patient's serum globulin is more important than serum albumin.

a.) The patient will be at risk to experience toxic effects of the drug

The student nurse asks the nursing instructor, "Do the medications we are studying actually make more neurotransmitters?" What is the best response by the nursing instructor? a.) "No, but medications can heal diseases of the autonomic nervous system." b.) "No, medications can only increase or decrease the action of neurotransmitters." c.) "Yes, but the newer drugs that do this have some serious side effects." d.) "Yes, some of the newer medications are very good at doing this."

b.) "No, medications can only increase or decrease the action of neurotransmitters."

The physician ordered a loading dose of medication for the patient; it is to be followed by a lower dose. When the patient receives the lower dose, she says to the nurse, "I think my doctor made a mistake; my medication dose is too low." What is the best response by the nurse? a.) "We always give medications this way; the doctor did not make a mistake." b.) "You had a larger dose initially so that the medication would work more quickly." c.) "Giving a larger dose initially will reduce the chance of side effects." d.) "The initial dose shortened the half-life, so the medication would work more quickly."

b.) "You had a larger dose initially so that the medication would work more quickly."

What are the two main classes of adrenergic receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine? a.) Epinephrine and norepinephrine b.) alpha and beta c.) Nicotinic and muscarinic d.) sodium and potassium

b.) alpha and beta

Acetylcholinesterase is classified as a(n) ____. a.) fatty acid b.) enzyme c.) neurotransmitter d.) hormone

b.) enzyme

A person who had her adrenergic receptors activated would experience a.) rest-and-digest effects. b.) fight-or-flight effects. c.) increased blood volume. d.) bronchial constriction.

b.) fight-or-flight effects.

Which cholinergic receptor type is found at the ganglionic synapse of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems? a.) muscarinic b.) nicotinic c.) beta receptors d.) alpha receptors

b.) nicotinic

A client is using Coumadin (warfarin) to treat a clotting disorder. He has been at a therapeutic level for several months. The physician prescribes sertraline (Zoloft) to treat new-onset depression. Both of these drugs have an affinity of >98% to albumin. Provided this information the nurse will: a.) administer both drugs with a high protein-snack b.) teach the client to report any new bleeding c.) anticipate that sertraline will require higher doses to treat depression d.) anticipate that warfarin will now be less effective

b.) teach the client to report any new bleeding

The client has a malignant brain tumor. The nurse recognizes that what property of pharmacokinetics may cause difficulty in treating the tumor? a.) lack of active transport b.) affinity for neoplasms c.) blood-brain barrier d.) first pass effect

c.) blood-brain barrier

A client has cirrhosis of the liver. The nurse anticipates which possible change in the client's therapy? a.) discontinuation of all drugs b.) more frequent doses of prescribed drugs c.) reductions in dosages of prescribed medications d.) intramuscular administration of all durgs

c.) reductions in dosages of prescribed medications

A drug has been prescribed to decrease the effects of an endogenous chemical. The nurse would place this drug in which category?' a.) An agonist b.) An agonist-antagonist c.) A partial agonist d.) An antagonist

d.) An antagonist

Which of the following responses are regulated by the sympathetic nervous system? a.) Increased heart rate, bronchial constriction b.) Increased secretions, sex organ stimulation c.) Peripheral artery dilation, reduced peristalsis d.) Relaxation of bladder, pupil dilation

d.) Relaxation of bladder, pupil dilation

A client has been receiving 2 different analgesics for postoperative pain. When determining which drug is more efficacious, the nurse should compare: a.) How frequently each drug is given to the client. b.) The dosage of each drug. c.) The ingredients contained in each drug. d.) The amount of pain relief obtained with each drug

d.) The amount of pain relief obtained with each drug

Which finding would most accurately indicate that a therapeutic range for a medication had been reached? a.) The medication was effective, but the patient experienced a lethal dysrhythmia. b.) No serious adverse effects are experienced following administration c.) A pre-specified amount (in milligrams) was administered. d.) The indication for administration was achieved without serious side effects.

d.) The indication for administration was achieved without serious side effects.

Which statement is accurate concerning drugs classified as adrenergic antagonists? a.) Their actions will block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. b.) They will stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. c.) They are also known as anticholinergics. d.) Their actions are the opposite of those of sympathomimetics.

d.) Their actions are the opposite of those of sympathomimetics.

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who has received the last dose of a drug with a half-life of 7 days. The nurse informs the client that: a.) "you will not have to worry about any drug side effects because this was your last dose" b.) "you will need to take an antidote to the drug because you no longer need its effect" c.) "you might continue to experience side effects of this drug for several days" d.) "you might continue to experience side effects of this drug for several days"

d.) you might continue to experience side effects of this drug for several days

Which substance would inhibit the function of the autonomic nervous system? a.)Drugs that prohibit neurotransmitter reuptake b.)Drugs that bind and then stimulate the postsynaptic neuron c.)Drugs that increase neurotransmitter synthesis d.)Drugs that prevent the storage of neurotransmitter in vesicles

d.)Drugs that prevent the storage of neurotransmitter in vesicles