Pharmacology

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for enteric-coated aspirin as stroke prophylaxis. The client asks the nurse why the provider prescribed an enteric-coated medication. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?

"Enteric-coated medications cause less gastric irritation" Rationale: Enteric-coated medications do not dissolve until they reach the small intestine, which reduces the risk of gastric irritation

A nurse is providing discharge teaching about lithium toxicity to a client who has a new prescription for lithium. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I should take naproxen if I have a headache because aspirin can cause lithium toxicity." "I can develop lithium toxicity if I eat foods with lots of sodium." "I can develop lithium toxicity if I experience vomiting or diarrhea." "I might need to take a daily diuretic along with my lithium to prevent lithium toxicity."

"I can develop lithium toxicity if I experience vomiting or diarrhea."

A nurse is providing teaching to a client about a new prescription for Captopril to treat hypertension. Which following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I might feel dizzy at times while taking this medication" Rationale: Hypotension and dizziness are potential adverse effects of this medication. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure and instruct the client to change positions slowly.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypertension and type 1 diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I might have difficulty recognizing when my blood sugar is low."It is a beta andrenergic blocker, it decreases heart rate it mask hypoglycemia

A nurse teaching a client who has a new prescription for Alosetron. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I should contact my provider immediately if I experience constipation". Rationale: The nurse should identify that constipation is an adverse effect of this medication and requires the provider to be notified. The provider may adjust the dose or withhold the medication and then instruct the client to resume taking it once the constipation has resolved.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Sucralfate for a duodenal ulcer. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I should wait at least 30 minutes before taking this medication after I take an antacid" Rationale: The nurse should recognize that antacids can raise the gastric pH above 4, which can interfere with the effects of Sucralfate. To minimize these interactions, sucralfate should be taken at least 30 minutes apart from antacids

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has heart failure and is taking Spironolactone. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will watch for increased breast tissue growth while taking this medication" Rationale: Spironolactone, which is derived from steroids, can cause adverse endocrine effects such as gynecomastia, impotence in men, and irregular menses and hirsutism in women. The nurse should instruct the client that these changes can occur

A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client who has seizures and a new prescription for phenytoin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

"I'll be glad when I can stop taking this medicine."

A nurse is preparing to administer Warfarin to a client who has a new onset of atrial fibrillation. The client asks the nurse, "What should this medication do?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"It can reduce your risk of having a stroke" Rationale: The nurse should identify that atrial fibrillation increases the client's risk of having a stroke due to clot formation in the atrium. Warfarin can prevent clot formation when used long-term, which will reduce the client's risk of having a stroke

A nurse teaching a client who has persistent cancer pain about the adverse effects of opioids. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Physical dependence is not the same as addiction" Rationale: The nurse should explain that physical dependence can occur in all clients who take opioids, and the client may develop abstinence syndrome if the opioid is abruptly withdrawn. Physical dependence is not the same as addiction, but it can result in addiction. Addiction results when the opioid is continued despite physical or psychological harm

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is to start taking hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension. The nurse instructs the client to eat foods rich in potassium. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"This medication can cause a loss of potassium."Can cause Hypokalemia excessive potassium excretion by the kidneys.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for Doxycycline for the treatment of a Helicobacter Pylori infection. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Wear protective clothing while in the sun" Rationale: The nurse should include in the teaching that all Tetracycline medications increase the sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet light and sunlight. Therefore, clients are encouraged to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun and to wear protective clothing while outside and exposed to the sun

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for Metoprolol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

- "Do not stop taking this medication abruptly" - "Count your radial pulse daily" - "Change positions slowly" Rationale: Clients who stop taking Metoprolol abruptly increase their risk of angina, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. They should reduce the dosage gradually over 1 to 2 weeks. Clients should count the radial pulse daily and report a heart rate slower than 60/min. Metoprolol can cause orthostatic hypotension; to prevent injury, the client should move slowly from lying down or sitting to standing

A nurse is teaching a client about taking an expectorant to treat a cough. The nurse should explain that this type of medication has which of the following actions?

-Aspirate for 5 to 10 seconds.

A nurse is preparing to administer Cefaclor 750 mg PO in 3 divided doses. Cefaclor 500 mg/tablet is available. How many tablets should the nurse administer with each dose?

0.5 tablet Rationale: 750mg/3 doses daily = 250mg 500mg/1tab = 250mg/xtab = 0.5tab

A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving Gentamicin IM and has a new prescription to obtain Gentamicin peak and trough levels. At which of the following times should the nurse plan to obtain a blood sample to evaluate the Gentamicin peak?

1 hour after administering the IM injection Rationale: Timing is important when drawing blood samples for Aminoglycoside levels. The nurse should obtain blood samples for peak levels 1 hours after administering an IM injection or 30 minutes after completing an IV infusion.

A nurse is planning care for a client who has thrombophlebitis and a prescription to receive heparin via continuous IV infusion. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the plan of care? 1. Infuse the heparin using an electronic IV pump. 2. Administer vitamin K if the client has indications of hemorrhage 3. Adjust the dosage of heparin based on the client's PT levels 4. Inform the client that the heparin will dissolve the thrombus.

1. Infuse the heparin using an electronic IV pump.

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic stable angina pectoris and a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. Identify the sequence of instructions that the nurse should tell the client to use if he experiences chest pain.

1. Stop activity. 2. Place a tablet under the tongue. 3. Wait 5 min. 4. Call 911 if the pain is not relieved.

A nurse is preparing to administer Fosphenytoin 550 mg via IV bolus to a client who is having a seizure. Fosphenytoin 50 mg/1mL is available. How many mL should the nurse administer?

11 mL Rationale: 50mg/1mL = 550mg/xmL = 11mL

A nurse is preparing to administer Chlorothiazide 20mg/kg/day PO divided equally and administered twice daily for a toddler who weighs 28.6lb. The amount available is Chlorothiazide oral suspension 250mg/5mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

2.6mL Rationale: 2.2lb/1kg = 28.6lb/xkg = 13kg 20mg x 13kg = 260mg/day or 130mg every 12hrs 250mg/5mL = 130mg/xmL = 2.6mL

A nurse is preparing to administer Desmopressin 0.3 mcg/kg in 0.9% sodium chloride 50 mL IV over 30 min to a client who weights 154 lbs. How many mcg of medication should the client receive?

21 mcg Rationale: 2.2lb/1kg = 154lb/xkg = 70kg mcg x kg/dose = x 0.3mcg x 70kg = 21mcg

A nurse is preparing to administer Magnesium Hydroxide 1.5 oz PO to a client who has constipation. How many mL should the nurse administer?

45 mL Rationale: 1oz/30mL = 1.5oz/xmL = 45

A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative and scheduled to ambulate. At which of the following times should the nurse plan to administer PO Morphine to the client for peak analgesic effect during the ambulation?

60 to 90 min prior to ambulation Rationale: The peak effect of PO Morphine takes 60 to 90 minutes to occur. Medicating the client 60 to 90 minutes prior to ambulation will provide the greatest analgesic effect

A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a group of clients. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to verify the right medication is administered? A. compare the provider's initial prescription with the medication administration record. B. ask each client to list the medications he or she is currently taking while in the facility. C. for unmarked medication containers, check the client's MAR 3 times while preparing the medication. D. have a second nurse verify the MAR at the client's bedside.

A. compare the provider's initial prescription with the medication administration record.

A nurse is teaching a client about a new prescription for extended-release oxycodone for pain management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. swallow this medication whole B. take this medication before meals and at bedtime C. constipation decreases with continued use. D. avoid taking other supplemental analgesics with this medication.

A. swallow this medication whole.

A nurse is assisting with the administration of an IV injection to a client. For which of the following reasons should the nurse inject the medication slowly? A. to reduce toxicity risk B. to improve the absorption pattern C. to prevent medication dilution D. to protect against embolism

A. to reduce toxicity risk

A nurse is caring for a client who takes gentamicin IM and has a prescription to obtain a blood sample to measure a trough level. At which of the following times should the nurse draw the blood sample? A. within 15 minutes prior to the next medication dose B. 3 hours prior to administering a dose. C. Within 15 minutes following the next medication dose D. 2 hours after administering a dose.

A. within 15 minutes prior to the next medication dose

When assessing an adolescent who recently overdosed on acetaminophen, it is most important for the nurse to assess for pain in which area of the body? Flank. Abdomen. Chest. Head.

Abdomen.

A nurse is caring for a client and realizes after administering the 0900 medications that she administered digoxin 0.25 mg PO to the client instead of the prescribed digoxin 0.125 mg PO. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Assess the client's apical pulse.

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is experiencing chest pain. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to suppress the aggregation of platelets?A. nitroglycerin B. Aspirin C. Morphine D. Metoprolol

B. Aspirin

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV gentamicin 3 times daily. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of this medication? A. hypoglycemia B. proteinuria C. nasal congestion D. visual disturbances

B. proteinuriathis is a manifestation of nephrotoxicity. The nurse should monitor for oliguria and hematuria.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking an agonist medication. The nurse should expect which of the following actions from this type of medication?

Binds to receptors and mimics regulatory molecules. Rationale: Full agonist medications act by binding to receptors and mimicking the actions of the body's regulatory molecules. Agonists activate receptors to produce the expected effects. hormones are an example of agonists

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has heart failure and is receiving digoxin. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity? A. Suppression of dysrhythmias B. Increase in AV conduction C. Visual disturbances D. weight gain

C. Visual disturbancesCommon signs of digoxin toxicity include nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and visual disturbances.

A nurse is administering medications to 4 clients. Which of the following situations requires the completion of an incident report? A. a beta blocker was held for an apical heart rate of 50/min. B. a client vomited immediately after receiving his oral medications. C. an extended-release capsule was crushed before being given. D. a client who is anemia refused a blood transfusion.

C. an extended-release capsule was crushed before being given.

A nurse is performing a reconciliation of a client's medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. review the medications the client is taking at home and compare the list with the medications the client is taking in the facility. B. compare any new medication prescriptions with the client's current list of medications C. obtain a list of the client's current medications, including those that are over-the-counter. D. provide the current and accurate medication list to all of the client's health care providers.

C. obtain a list of the client's current medications, including those that are over-the-counter.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse should anticipate a prescription from the provider for which of the following medications for daily management of this condition?

Celecoxib (Celebrex) Rationale: The nurse should anticipate that the provider will prescribe Celecoxib, which is an NSAID. This medication or another NSAID should be initiated for a client who has a new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritic

A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin. The client reports nausea and refuses to eat breakfast. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Check the client's apical pulse.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypothyroidism and is taking Levothyroxine (Synthroid). The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following findings is an indication of thyrotoxicosis?

Chest pain Rationale: Thyrotoxicosis can result if a client takes too much Levothyroxine. Manifestations include chest paint, tachycardia, insomnia, tremors, hyperthermia, heat intolerance, and diaphoresis. The client should notify the provider if any of these manifestations are present

A nurse is preparing to administer an Epinephrine IV bolus to a client. Which of the following should the nurse verify before initiating the IV medication?

Concentration of the formulation Rationale: The nurse should verify the concentration of the formulation of the medication prior to administration. Epinephrine can be injected through several routes, and a solution prepared for use by a certain route can differ in concentration from others. Solutions intended for subcutaneous administration are generally concentrated, whereas solutions intended for intravenous use are dilute. If a solution prepared for subcutaneous administration is administered intravenously, the result could be fatal because intravenous administration of concentrated Epinephrine can overstimulate the heart and blood vessels, causing severe hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, and death.

A nurse is planning care for a client who took an overdose of acetaminophen. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse plan to monitor for adverse effects of the overdose? A. hematocrit B. high-density lipoproteins (HDL)C. pancreatic enzymes D. liver enzymes

D. liver enzymes

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking Metformin for 6 months. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an expected therapeutic effect of the medication?

Decreased blood glucose level Rationale: A client who has taken Metformin for 6 months should experience the expected therapeutic effect of decreased blood glucose levels. Metformin is a non-insulin medication for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus

Stop the flow of medication but leave the catheter in.When chemo drug leaks outside of vessel into surrounding tissue.

Extravasation

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking Streptomycin. Which of the following medications increases the client's risks of developing ototoxicity when taken with streptomycin?

Furosemide Rationale: Furosemide, a high-ceiling (loop) diuretic, increases the risk of developing ototoxicity when taken with streptomycin, an aminoglycoside

Which medicine can cause hearing loss in infants report hematuria, cloudy urine, tinnitus, headache, vertigo, hearing loss

Gentamicin

A nurse is caring for a client who has hyperlipidemia and is receiving Simvastatin 40mg PO daily. Which of the following items should the nurse remove from the client's breakfast tray before it is delivered to the room?

Grapefruit juice Rationale: Grapefruit juice is contraindicated for a client who is taking Simvastatin because it raises blood levels of the medication significantly by inactivating a liver enzyme that is responsible for metabolism

A nurse is preparing to administer Digoxin to a client. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a contraindication to the client receiving this medication?

Heart rate 51/min Rationale: The nurse should identify that if the client's heart rate is less than 60/min, the medication should be withheld, and the provider should be notified

A nurse is preparing to administer Dantrolene to a client who has muscle spasticity. Which of the following findings from the client's medical history should the nurse identify as a contraindication to the administration of this medication?

History of cirrhosis Rationale: The nurse should identify that Dantrolene is contraindicated for clients who have active liver disease because it is hepatotoxic and can cause liver failure. Liver function tests are monitored for clients throughout treatment with this medication

A nurse is teaching a client who has chemotherapy-induced anemia and a prescription for Epoetin Alfa. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following findings as an adverse effect of Epoetin Alpha?

Hypertension Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to report hypertension, which is an adverse effect of Epoetin Alfa. Other adverse effects can include headaches, seizures, heart failure, and thromboembolic events related to increased hemoglobin levels

A nurse is preparing to administer a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet to a client who is reporting chest pain. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor after giving this medication? Hypotension Myalgia Diarrhea Ototoxicity

Hypotension

A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the effects of a client receiving spinal anesthesia. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Hypotension is an adverse effect of spinal anesthesia. Rationale: The local anesthetic can cause the client's blood pressure to decrease due to venous dilation secondary to a sympathetic nervous system response. If hypotension occurs, the nurse should lower the head of the client's bed, increase fluids if applicable, and administer vasoconstrictive medication as indicated by the provider.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking Warfarin. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse recognize as an effective response to the medication?

INR 3.0 Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant that prevents thrombus formation in susceptible clients. The INR measures its effectiveness. For most clients taking Warfarin, an INR of 3.0 indicates effective therapy

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory reports of a client who has been taking Warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider immediately?

INR 5.5 Rationale: When using the urgent vs nonurgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the priority laboratory result is an INR of 5.5. A client who is taking Warfarin for the treatment of atrial fibrillation is expected to have an INR in the range of 2 to 3. A level of 5.5 is considered a critical value and places the client at risk of bleeding; therefore, the nurse should report this result to the provider immediately

A nurse is preparing to administer Meperidine to a client who is postoperative and reports a pain level of 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which of the following routes of administration will deliver the medication with the shortest time of onset?

Intravenous Rationale: The nurse should identify that Meperidine given intravenously has no barriers to absorption because it is deposited directly into the circulatory system, An instantaneous time of onset and absorption gives the client immediate relief.

A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. The nurse should instruct the client to increase dietary intake of which of the following substances?

Iron

A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a client who reports fatigue and cold intolerance. The client has an increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and a decreased total T3 and T4 level. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications?

Levothyroxine Rationale: Levothyroxine replaces thyroid hormone for a client who has hypothyroidism. Laboratory values for hypothyroidism include an increased TSH level and decreased total T3 and T4 levels. Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism include fatigue, cold intolerance, and a decreased body temperature and pulse

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for chlorothiazide to treat hypertension. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?

Muscle Weakness

A nurse is teaching a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following adverse effects of metformin should the nurse instruct the client to watch for and report to the provider?

Myalgia

A nurse is teaching a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about a new subcutaneous insulin infusion pump. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Plan to use a type of short-duration insulin in the infusion pump Rationale: The client should plan to use short-duration insulin such as regular, Lispro, Aspart, or Glulisine Insulin in the infusion pump to deliver a baseline infusion of insulin. The client should also administer bolus doses of insulin before each meal

A nurse is teaching a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about a new subcutaneous insulin infusion pump. Which of the following pieces of information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Plan to use a type of short-duration insulin in the infusion pump. Rationale:The client should plan to use short-duration insulin such as regular, Lispro, Aspart, or Glulisine Insulin in the infusion pump to deliver a baseline infusion of insulin. The client should also administer bolus doses of insulin before each meal

A nurse is assigned to care for several clients who are postoperative. The client taking which of the following medications is at risk of delated would healing?

Prednisone to treat persistent arthritis exacerbations Rationale: Prednisone is a corticosteroid that is associated with delated would healing. Clients who have arthritis often require high doses of prednisone to help resolve exacerbations.

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as being contraindicated for this client?

Propranolol Rationale: The nurse should identify that a client who is experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation requires the use of a beta2-agonist to alleviate bronchospasm and relax the client's airway. Therefore, propranolol is contraindicated for this client. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that is used to treat cardiac conditions, including hypertension. Blocking the beta receptors prevents the action of beta2-agonists such as albuterol

Treats anthraxBlack box warning for tendon ruptureOlder adults risk for renal failure, increased risk of tendonitis/rupture with concurrent glucocorticoid therapy

Quinolones/Ciprofloxacin

A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma and is prescribed a short-acting beta2-agonist. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the expected outcome of this medication?

Reverses bronchospasm. Rationale: The nurse should identify that the expected outcome of a short-acting beta2-agonist is a reversal of bronchospasm. Short-acting beta2-agonists bind to beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles

Nurse is providing teaching to a group of new parents about meds. Nurse should include that aspirin is contraindicated for children who have viral infection d/t risk of developing which of following adverse effects? Reye's syndrome Visual disturbances Diabetes mellitus Wilms' tumor

Reye's syndrome

A nurse is caring for a client who has cystic fibrosis (CF) and has a prescription for high-dose Ibuprofen daily. The nurse should identify that which of the following is an expected outcome for the client receiving this medication?

Slowed progression of pulmonary damage Rationale: The nurse should identify that clients who have cystic fibrosis (CF) are prescribed high-dose Ibuprofen, which is an NSAID, to slow the progression of pulmonary damage by suppressing the inflammatory response that cause pulmonary damage. CF is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands

A nurse is caring for a school-aged child who has cystic fibrosis (CF) and has been using a corticosteroid inhaler for long-term treatment. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of long-term use of this medication?

Small stature for age

A nurse is teaching a client about taking an expectorant to treat a cough. The nurse should explain that this type of medication has which of the following actions?

Stimulates secretion

The client must sign an agreement with the provider before beginning alosetron. Has a potentially fatal affect and is only put on market if it is signed

The client must sign an agreement with the provider before beginning alosetron. Has a potentially fatal affect and is only put on market if it is signed

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing acute pain and is receiving Morphine. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the need to withhold the client's next dose of Morphine?

The client's respiratory rate is 10/min. Rationale: The nurse should identify the Morphine can cause respiratory depression. Therefore, if the client's respiratory rate is less than 12/min, the nurse should withhold the next dose of Morphine and notify the provider

A nurse is preparing to administer heparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

The nurse should inject the medication into the abdomen above the level of the iliac crest, at least 2 inches from the umbilicus.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription of Lisinopril. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as an adverse effect of Lisinopril?

Tongue swelling Rationale: Angioedema is a fatal response that occurs in about 1% of clients who use ACE inhibitors such as Lisinopril. Manifestations of angioedema include swelling of the tongue, lips, or pharynx

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism and take Levothyroxine. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is experiencing acute Levothyroxine overdose?

Tremor Rationale: Tremors and anxiety are expected findings in acute Levothyroxine overdose. These findings are similar to those seen in hyperthyroidism

A nurse is assessing a client who has hypothyroidism and takes levothyroxine. Which of the following findings should alert the nurse that the client is experiencing acute levothyroxine overdose?

Tremor tremor and anxiety common in overdose.

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has a C-diff infection and is receiving vancomycin via intermittent IV bolus over 60 minutes. The nurse should document the absence of which of the following conditions as a positive response to this slowed administration rate? a. red man syndrome b. thrombophlebitis c. renal failure d. ototoxicity

a. red man syndrome

A nurse is teaching a client about the proper placement of a nitroglycerin patch. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. I'll apply the patch over areas of my body with little fatty tissue. b. "I can place the patch on any area of my body without hair." c. "I'll put the patch on the same site as the previous patch." d. "I have to apply the patch directly over my heart"

b. "I can place the patch on any area of my body without hair."The nitroglycerin transdermal patch should be applied to skin that is free from hair because hair creates a physical barrier to absorption.

*A nurse is administering a client's first dose of sucralfate. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide about the action of sucralfate?a. "Sucralfate decreases gastric acid secretions."b. "Sucralfate forms a gel-like substance that protects ulcers."c. "Sucralfate inactivates Helicobacter pylori."d. "Sucralfate inhibits the production of gastric acid."

b. "Sucralfate forms a gel-like substance that protects ulcers." The primary action of sucralfate is the formation of a gel-like protectant that adheres to the ulcer surface. This protective mechanism lasts for 6 hours and allows the ulcer to heal.

A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving phenytoin IV for the treatment of epilepticus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of the medication? a. Hypertension b. Cardiac dysrhythmias c. Gastric discomfort d. Tachycardia

b. Cardiac dysrhythmias

A nurse is caring for a client who has developed mild C-diff infection following antibiotic therapy. After discontinuing the current antibiotic, the nurse should expect the provider to prescribe which of the following medications? a. vancomycin b. metronidazole c. clindamycin d. ciprofloxacin

b. metronidazole

A nurse is administering an enteric-coated tablet to a client and explaining the pharmaceutical preparation. Which is correct? a. the coated tablet dissolves better in your stomach and intestines. b. you are less likely to have an upset stomach with this pill because of the coating on the tablet. c. the coating on the tablet improves the absorption of the medication d. the coating on the tablet allows a gradual release of the medication

b. you are less likely to have an upset stomach with this pill because of the coating on the tablet.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a urinary tract infection and new prescriptions for phenazopyridine and ciprofloxacin. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the need for further teaching? a. if phenazopyridine upsets my stomach, I can take it with meals. b. Phenazopyridine will relieve my discomfort, but ciprofloxacin will get ride of the infection. c. I need to drink 2 liters of fluid per day while I am taking ciprofloxacin. d. I should notify my provider immediately if my urine turns orange.

d. I should notify my provider immediately if my urine turns orange.

A nurse administered an antibiotic 10 min ago to a client who is now reporting wheezing and swelling of the eyelids. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?A. give oral corticosteroids B. administer dopamine c. give diphenhydramine IV d. administer epinephrine subcutaneously

d. administer epinephrine subcutaneously