Pharmacology Week 5 Nutrition
The onset and duration of action of antacids are: onset 15 mins and duration 4 hours onset 2 mins and duration 24 hours onset 30 mins and duration 36 hours onset 60 mins and duration 42 hours
onset 15 mins and duration 4 hours
Which of the following are routes of administration available for ondansetron? Select all that apply Oral Subcutaneous Intravenous Intradermal Intramuscular
oral Intravenous Intramuscular
I have heartburn and I am in the pharmacy. Do all acid controlling drugs work the same way? Choose your best response from the choices given below. "I think so." "Acid controlling drugs do not all work the same way." "It depends on each person's genetics." "Yes, they do."
"Acid controlling drugs do not all work the same way."
Which categories of antiemetic medications may cause a dry mouth side effect? (Select all that apply.) Prokinetics Tetrahydrocannabinoids Anticholinergics Antidopaminergics Neurokinin Receptor Antagonists
Prokinetics Tetrahydrocannabinoids Anticholinergics Antidopaminergics
Which of the following are possible adverse effects of ondansetron? (Select all that apply.) Vomiting Prolonged QT interval Abdominal pain Sexual dysfunction Serotonin syndrome Headache
Prolonged QT interval Abdominal pain Serotonin syndrome headache
What are the expected therapeutic effects of antacids? Select all that apply. Allow ulcers time to heal Neutralize stomach acids Provide relief from heartburn Treat patients with heart disease Raise stomach pH Lower stomach pH
Allow ulcers time to heal Neutralize stomach acids Provide relief from heartburn Raise stomach pH
____________ reduces hyperacidity by preventing the parietal cell from excreting acid (hydrogen ions). Magnesium carbonate famotidine Aluminum hydroxide pantoprazole
pantoprazole
Which receptors in the stomach are responsible for stimulating the secretion of acid from the parietal cells? Select all that apply. Gastrin Proton ion Histamine Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) pump Acetylcholine (ACh)
Gastrin Histamine Acetylcholine (ACh)
Which of the following are indications for a proton pump inhibitor? Select all that apply. pH too high Coughing Calcium deficiency Gastrointestinal bleeding Heartburn
Gastrointestinal bleeding Heartburn
Which of the following is not a type of antiemetic drug? Antihistamines Serotonin blockers Anticholinergics Parasympatholytics
parasympatholytics
What lifestyle changes can I start that will prevent/reduce my heartburn (hyperacidity) symptoms? Choose the correct response from the choices given below. "Chewing gum will prevent your hyperacidity symptoms." "Drinking more water will prevent your hyperacidity symptoms." "Changing your diet and reducing stress can decease your symptoms. " "Eat later in the evening so your stomach can digest your food while you sleep."
"Changing your diet and reducing stress can decease your symptoms. "
The client is in the pharmacy clinic to pick up her PPI prescription. As the pharmacist hands her the medicine, the client makes the following statement indicating that she needs additional education about her new prescription? "I will take my capsule with a full glass of water." "I am going to take them daily as directed." "I should chew these like my antacid I used to take." "I am taking these to relieve my GERD symptoms."
"I should chew these like my antacid I used to take."
A patient was prescribed an antiemetic and asks why he needs to take another pill. What is the nurse's best response related to the therapeutic action of antiemetic medications? "It will help to support your gastrointestinal health flora." "It will help regain nutrients you have lost during the vomiting episodes from the past several days." "It is to treat and relieve your symptoms of diarrhea." "It is to treat and relieve your nausea and vomiting."
"It is to treat and relieve your nausea and vomiting."
Do these work the same way to reduce acid in my stomach? Acid-reducing medication Effervescent tablet antacid Choose your best response from the choices given below. "Yes, they work the same in your stomach; they just have different names." "No, the effervescent tablet antacid neutralizes the acid in the stomach and the acid-reducing medication blocks signals to cells in your stomach." "No, the acid-reducing medication neutralizes the acid in the stomach and the effervescent tablet antacid blocks signals to cells in your stomach." "Yes, they both neutralize the acid present in the stomach."
"No, the effervescent tablet antacid neutralizes the acid in the stomach and the acid-reducing medication blocks signals to cells in your stomach."
During the discussion with the client picking up their PPI medication, which statement should the pharmacist follow-up? "I am going to avoid my favorite alcohol cocktail for a while." "While taking these PPIs, call the doctor before starting any new medication." "If I have black tarry stools I need to call the office." "Once I start to feel better I can stop taking the medication."
"Once I start to feel better I can stop taking the medication."
My Dad was just admitted to the intensive care unit. Why was he given an acid-controlling drug? He is intubated and not eating. Choose the best response from the choices given below. "Sorry to hear about your dad. It was most likely given to prevent stress related ulcers." "Sorry to hear about your dad. This is not a normal course of treatment." "Sorry to hear about your dad. This is old school care and is outdated and not needed." "Sorry to hear about your dad. It was most likely given to shrink his stomach."
"Sorry to hear about your dad. It was most likely given to prevent stress related ulcers."
The patient was prescribed lansoprazole. Which statements indicate additional teaching is needed? Select all that apply. "To make sure I remember to take my medications in the morning, I am going to take my lansoprazole and my antibiotic at the same time." "I will continue my full course of treatment and take all my pills as instructed." "I am glad I can chew this tablet." "This capsule is large. I am going to sprinkle this lansoprazole capsule in my applesauce. Let me check the package insert and contact the pharmacy."
"To make sure I remember to take my medications in the morning, I am going to take my lansoprazole and my antibiotic at the same time." "I am glad I can chew this tablet."
I take a lot of prescribed daily medication, including digoxin. Is it safe to take any type of acid controlling drugs with my medications? Choose your best response from the choices given below. "Yes, acid controlling drugs are safe. You may also need to take an extra dose of your digoxin to stay in your therapeutic range." "Yes, acid controlling drugs are safe and should be taken with your nightly medications." "Yes, acid controlling drugs are safe and can be taken with your daily medications." "Yes, acid controlling drugs are generally safe. Check with your doctor for the best choice of acid controlling drugs for you."
"Yes, acid controlling drugs are generally safe. Check with your doctor for the best choice of acid controlling drugs for you."
My husband said that smelling his food on the grill will make my stomach secrete digestive fluid. Is this true? Choose the correct response from the choices given below. "No, only chewing and swallowing food makes you secrete stomach acids." "No, food must be present in the stomach for the secretion of digestive enzymes." "Yes, but it only happens with smelling grilled food." "Yes. Smelling, seeing, or tasting food can cause your stomach to secrete digestive acids."
"Yes. Smelling, seeing, or tasting food can cause your stomach to secrete digestive acids."
Antacids should not be taken ___________ before or ___________ after any prescription medications. 3 hours 1 hour 20 minutes 10 minutes 2 hours
1 hour 2 hours
The pH of stomach acid is: 5-8 1-4 9-14
1-4
Which statement(s) are correct concerning H2 receptor antagonists? (Select all that apply.) H2 blockers duration is 4 hours H2 blockers duration of action is 6-12 hours H2 receptor blockers inhibit gastric secretion H2 causes increased mucus production H2 blockers can be administered by IV
H2 blockers duration of action is 6-12 hours H2 receptor blockers inhibit gastric secretion H2 blockers can be administered by IV
A client called asking about antacids. The client asked, "How fast and how long will they work?" The nurse responded, "Antacids start working within, (15, 60, 30) minutes and last up to (8, 4, 12) hours.
15 4
Which of the following times during pregnancy would be contraindicated to administer ondansetron for hyperemesis gravidarum? 2nd trimester Post-partum 3rd trimester 1st trimester
1st trimester
A H2 receptor antagonist will be prescribed for a client. Which medications are H2 receptor antagonists? Select all that apply. esomeprazole ranitidine cetirizine famotidine
ranitidine famotidine
Which statement about H2 receptor antagonists administration is true? H2 receptor antagonists must be administered with 4 glasses of mineral water. H2 receptor antagonists can be chewed. H2 receptor antagonists can be administered at night H2 receptor antagonists can be administered with prescribed oral antibiotics.
H2 receptor antagonists can be administered at night
When should the nurse instruct the client to take their proton pump inhibitor? 20-30 minutes before meals With an antacid Daily with morning medications With the evening dose of antibiotics
20-30 minutes before meals
For how long will PPIs have a therapeutic effect? 8 hours 24 hours 1 hour 6 hours
24 hours
Combining two salt compounds in an antacid has what beneficial effect? Increase absorption of the antacid Prevent metabolic acidosis Decrease the antacid efficacy Prevent side effects from each salt compounds.
Prevent side effects from each salt compound
(Prokinetics, Anticholinergics) are indicated for delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea and vomiting.
Prokinetics
Which antiemetic medications would be appropriate for nausea associated with gastroesophageal reflux? Prokinetics Tetrahydrocannabinoids Anticholinergics Serotonin blockers
Prokinetics
Which of the following categories of antiemetic medications may cause CNS depression? (Select all that apply.) Prokinetics Antihistamines Anticholinergics Antidopaminergics
Prokinetics Antihistamines Antidopaminergics
Match the acid-controlling drugs with how they work. Antacids Histamine (H) 2 Blockers (H2 receptor agonist) Proton Pump Inhibitors Reduce acid by increasing mucus production within the mucous cells Reduce acid by working within the parietal cells Reduce acid by neutralization within the stomach Reduce acid by blocking signals to the parietal cells
Antacids: Reduce acid by neutralization within the stomach Histamine (H) 2 Blockers (H2 receptor agonist): Reduce acid by blocking signals to the parietal cells Proton Pump Inhibitors: reduce acid by working within the parietal cells
What are the seven categories of antiemetic drugs? (Select all that apply.) Anticholinergics Antihistamines Neurokinin receptor antagonists Prokinetics Antidopaminergics Serotonin blockers Tetrahydrocannabinoids Parasympatholytics
Anticholinergics Antihistamines Neurokinin receptor antagonists Prokinetics Antidopaminergics Serotonin blockers Tetrahydrocannabinoids
Which antiemetic medications would be appropriate for motion sickness? (Select all that apply.) Anticholinergics Antihistamines (H1) Serotonin blockers Tetrahydrocannabinoids
Anticholinergics Antihistamines (H1)
Which of the following antiemetic medications may cause a patient to have CNS depressant interactions? (Select all that apply.) Anticholinergics Antidopaminergics Prokinetics Antihistamines
Antidopaminergics Prokinetics Antihistamines
What medications are used to treat and relieve nausea and vomiting? Antiemetic Antiviral Antidiarrheal Probiotics
Antiemetic
Which items should be included in your patient teaching regarding antiemetic medications? (Select all that apply.) Drink with a full glass of water. Do not take on an empty stomach. Antiemetic medications may cause drowsiness. Call for assistance with ambulating to avoid falling from the drowsiness and/or dizziness. Take medications with food. Avoid driving and other high-response activities until you learn how the medication affects your body. Slowly change position to help avoid a quick drop in your blood pressure known as orthostatic hypotension. The goal of this treatment is to prevent or decrease your nausea and vomiting.
Antiemetic medications may cause drowsiness. Call for assistance with ambulating to avoid falling from the drowsiness and/or dizziness. Avoid driving and other high-response activities until you learn how the medication affects your body. Slowly change position to help avoid a quick drop in your blood pressure known as orthostatic hypotension. The goal of this treatment is to prevent or decrease your nausea and vomiting.
The nurse is caring for a patient with nausea and vomiting after an overdose of morphine. Which antiemetic medication class(es) should be avoided? (Select all that apply.) Antihistamines Prokinetics Serotonin Blockers Antidopaminergics Anticholinergics
Antihistamines Serotonin Blockers Antidopaminergics
When administering ondansetron for chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. What is the best time for the patient to receive this medication? After chemotherapy treatment ends Prior to going to bed With food Before chemotherapy treatment begins
Before chemotherapy treatment begins
What is the mechanism of action in the majority of antiemetic medications? Blocking one of the vomiting pathways which block the neurologic stimulus that induces vomiting Blocking all of the vomiting pathways which block the neurologic response that suppress vomiting Unblocking vomiting pathways which are responding through a neurologic stimulus that induce vomiting Blocking all of the vomiting pathways which block the neurologic stimulus that induces vomiting
Blocking one of the vomiting pathways which block the neurologic stimulus that induces vomiting
Which assessment findings should the nurse monitor in a client receiving antiemetic medications? (Select all that apply.) Bowel sounds Blood pressure Lung sounds Pressure ulcers Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain Pulse rate
Bowel sounds Blood pressure Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain Pulse rate
Which conditions are associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors? (Select all that apply.) C. diff. infections Risk of bone fractures Photophobia Amenorrhea Xerosis
C. diff. infections Risk of bone fractures
Which salt compounds are contained in antacid? (Select all that apply.) Calcium Sodium Chloride Aluminum Manganese Magnesium
Calcium Sodium Aluminum Magnesium
Before administering ondansetron, which of the following conditions require further follow-up with the health care provider? (Select all that apply.) Congenital long QT syndrome Abdominal pain Headache Phenylketonuria Allergy to ondansetron
Congenital long QT syndrome Phenylketonuria Allergy to ondansetron
For each situation listed, select whether antacid therapy is or is not contraindicated. Contraindicated NOT Contraindicated Known allergy to antacid prescribed Severe electrolyte disturbance Pregnancy Gastrointestinal obstruction
Contraindicated: Known allergy to antacid prescribed severe electrolyte disturbance Gastrointestinal obstruction NOT Contraindicated: Pregnancy
The client is receiving pantoprazole intravenously. The nurse monitors the client for which possible side effects? Select all that apply. Diarrhea Headache Numbness Fatigue
Diarrhea Headache
Which are the priority assessments when administering anticholinergics? (Select all that apply.) No assessment is needed Electrolyte imbalances CNS depression Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalances dehydration
Which of the following statements about H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) is correct? H2RAs reduce hyperacidity by blocking receptors on specialized acid producing cells in the stomach. H2RAs reduce hyperacidity by appetite suppression. H2RAs reduce hyperacidity by Increasing mucus production in the small intestine. H2RAs reduce hyperacidity by neutralizing acid secretions.
H2RAs reduce hyperacidity by blocking receptors on specialized acid producing cells in the stomach.
Which statements indicate the client requires additional education about proton pump inhibitor (PPI)? Select all that apply. I will take this only when I experience heartburn. I will not chew the pills. I will take the PPI with meals. I will not take the PPI with my antibiotics.
I will take this only when I experience heartburn. I will take the PPI with meals.
What are the possible administration routes for pantoprazole? Select all that apply. Intravenous (IV) Intramuscular (IM) Suppository Oral (PO)
Intravenous (IV) Oral (PO)
What is the mechanism of action of a PPI? Irreversibly blocks the hydrogen-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) pump Prevents gastrin from activating the parietal cell Inhibits mucus production in the intestine Irreversibly blocks pepsin from release of the parietal cell
Irreversibly blocks the hydrogen-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) pump
Please drag and drop the correct category of antiemetic medication under the correct site of action. Each category can include more than one medication class, and each class can be used more than once. Labyrinth (inner ear) Gastrointestinal tract Cerebral cortex Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Vomiting center (medulla) Categories of antiemetic medication Benzodiazepines Serotonin blockers Antidopaminergics THC Antihistamines Anticholinergics Prokinetic drugs Corticosteroids
Labyrinth (inner ear): anticholinergics, antihistamine, antidopaminergics, prokinetic drugs Gastrointestinal tract: prokinetic drugs, serotonin blockers Cerebral cortex: THC, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ): antidopaminergics, prokinetic drugs, serotonin blockers Vomiting center (medulla): serotonin blockers
Antacids are made of salt compounds. antacid salt compound can cause the side effect of diarrhea. Aluminum Magnesium Sodium
Magnesium
Drag the correct side effect for each of the antacid salt compounds given below: Magnesium-Containing Antacids Carbonate salt: Aluminum-Containing Antacids Carbonate salt: Calcium-Containing Antacids Carbonate salt: Sodium-Containing Antacids Bicarbonate salt: Constipation Flatulence, gastric distention Diarrhea Constipation/Diarrhea
Magnesium-Containing Antacids Carbonate salt: Diarrhea Aluminum-Containing Antacids Carbonate salt: Constipation Calcium-Containing Antacids Carbonate salt: Constipation/Diarrhea Sodium-Containing Antacids Bicarbonate salt: Flatulence/gastric distension
Mike has chronic renal failure. may not be the best based on the patient's medical condition. Aluminum-containing antacids Sodium-containing antacids Magnesium-containing antacids
Magnesium-containing antacids
Which antacid would most likely have had caused Mary's diarrhea? Milk of Magnesia Tums Amphojel Mylanta
Milk of Magnesia
Antacids are effective in the treatment of hyperacidity based on which mechanism of action? Decreases stomach motility Decreases gastric pH Decreases duodenal pH Neutralizes gastric acid
Neutralize gastric acid
(Ondansetron, Promethazine, Diphenhydramine) is a serotonin blocker that works to prevent nausea and vomiting.
Ondasetron
The client has an order for famotidine once daily. The nurse schedules the medications for which of the following times? One (1) hour before or two (2) hours after medications With cardiac medication in the morning With antacids With afternoon antibiotics
One (1) hour before or two (2) hours after medications
The healthcare provider is considering ordering pantoprazole for the client. What are the possible administration routes for pantoprazole? Select all that apply. Suppository Oral (PO) Intramuscular (IM) Intravenous (IV)
Oral Intravenous
Mary underwent further testing and was diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Before prescribing pantoprazole, the health care provider screens for which contraindications for this medicine? (Select all that apply.) Osteoporosis Hepatic Diseases Constipation Tinnitus
Osteoporosis Hepatic Diseases
Proton pump inhibitors work in which cells in the body? Gamma receptors Histamine receptors Parietal Cells Mast cell
Parietal Cells
Which type of cells do H2 receptor antagonists bind to inhibit acid production? Parietal cells Mast cells Chromaffin cells Adipose cells
Parietal cells
Match the gastric gland cell with its function. Produce and secrete hydrochloric acid: Secrete pepsinogen which is a precursor to pepsin: Provide a protective coating for the stomach:
Parietal cells Chief cells Mucosa cells
A PPI is indicated for which of the following conditions? Select all that apply. Peptic Ulcer Disease Gastroparesis Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Peptic Ulcer Disease Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Which of the following are appropriate times to give ondansetron for nausea and vomiting? Postoperative Peri-Operative Chemotherapy Radiation
Postoperative Chemotherapy Radiation
The nurse is caring for a patient in the intensive care unit after a myocardial infarction. The nurse notices that the patient's medication list includes a proton pump inhibitor, but there is no mention of any gastrointestinal (GI) disorders on his chart. Drag and drop the correct reason into the space below. Prophylactic treatment to prevent diarrhea Treatment to reduce blood pressure Treatment to reduce afterload Prophylactic treatment to prevent stress ulcers
Prophylactic treatment to prevent stress ulcers
Which phenomenon explains the increased stomach pain when Mary stopped taking her calcium carbonate? Metabolic alkalosis Hypercalcemia Rebound Acidity Milk alkali syndrome
Rebound Acidity
What is the purpose of simethicone? Reduce gastric motility Dilate stomach vessels Promote defecation Reduce gas
Reduce gas
The client mentions that a friend uses famotidine for their acid reflux, and wants to know why she was prescribed pantoprazole? Which actions of PPI make them useful in the client's treatment plan? (Select all that apply.) Relatively long duration of action Blocks up to 90% of acid secretion Lower Ph in the stomach Are taken weekly Neutralizes pepsin
Relatively long duration of action Blocks up to 90% of acid secretion
(Serotonin blockers, Anticholinergics) are indicated for post-operative vomiting and vomiting associated with chemotherapy.
Serotonin blockers
Which receptors are blocked by ondansetron thereby reducing nausea and vomiting? Serotonin receptors Thermoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Histamine Receptors
Serotonin receptors
Mary asked the health care provider what changes are needed to her diet. Indicate which food items she should eat (i.e. foods that will promote less acid reflux) and which food items should be avoided (i.e. foods that will irritate acid reflux). Should be OK Should Be Avoided Coffee Fruits Leafy greens Cheese and dairy Water Soda Fast food Eating before bed Eat earlier in the day Wine
Should be ok: Fruits, leafy greens, water, eat earlier in the day Should be avoided: Coffee, wine, soda, fast food, cheese and dairy, eating before bed
When educating an individual with a new prescription for omeprazole, what instruction is given for when to take the medication? Take omeprazole 30 minutes before meals. Take omeprazole with your daily antibiotic medication. Take omeprazole 2 hours after meals. Take omeprazole with your favorite antacid.
Take omeprazole 30 minutes before meals.
Which antiemetic medications would be appropriate for chemotherapy nausea and vomiting? (Select all that apply.) Anticholinergics Tetrahydrocannabinoids Serotonin blockers Neurokinin antagonists
Tetrahydrocannabinoids Serotonin blockers Neurokinin antagonists
Gastric hyperacidity is: the over production of stomach acid the over production of stomach gases the over production of bile the over production of pancreas
The over production of stomach acid
Which statement about H2RA is correct? They can cause cancer at high doses They are used to treat ulcers in the sigmoid colon They reduce flatulence They reduce hyperacidity in the stomach
They reduce hyperacidity in the stomach
Which statements about proton pump inhibitors are true? Select all that apply. They should be taken 30 to 60 minutes before meals There are a lot of adverse effects with these drugs such as vertigo They can be chewed and should be taken with antacids They are part of the treatment plan for patients with helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections
They should be taken 30 to 60 minutes before meals They are part of the treatment plan for patients with helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections
Mary was tested for H. pylori infection in the office and asked what information the test will provide. What is the best response by the health care provider? This test is will indicate if you have an infection in your stomach. We are testing the pH. of your stomach. With the increase in stomach pH. we are testing your proton pump count. We are testing for milk alkali syndrome.
This test will indicate if you have an infection in your stomach
What is the therapeutic action of antiemetic medications? Increase absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal system Support gastrointestinal health flora Treat and relieve nausea and vomiting Treat and relieve symptoms of diarrhea
Treat and relieve nausea and vomiting
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is (when the stomach dehisce from the esophagus, when there are ulcers present in the esophagus, when excessive acid backs up into the esophagus, .when the esophagus secretes too much acid).
When excessive acid backs up into the esophagus
(Anticholinergics, Antidopaminergics) are indicated for motion sickness, pre-op secretion reduction, nausea, and vomiting.
anticholinergics
Medications used to treat and relieve nausea and vomiting are called (antidiarrheal, antiviral, antiemetic) drugs.
antiemetic
There are seven categories of (antidiarrheal, antiviral, antiemetic) drugs, which include anticholinergics, antihistamines, antidopaminergics, neurokinin receptor antagonists, prokinetics, serotonin blockers, and tetrahydrocannabinoids.
antiemetic
To which class of medications do serotonin blockers belong? Antidiarrheal Antiemetic Anti-inflammatory Laxative
antiemetic
Administering ondansetron to a patient taking which medications may result in an adverse drug to drug interaction? (Select all that apply.) medications affecting serotonergic neurotransmitters phenytoin probiotics apomorphine rifampin diphenhydramamine
medications affecting serotonergic neurotransmitters phenytoin apomorphine rifampin
ondansetron may be given for chemotherapy, radiation and postoperative (pain, constipation, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting).
nausea and vomiting
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a: Bacteria that can infect the gastric track. Virual infection of the pyloric sphincter Bacteria infection that is denoted by a fever and chills Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) infection
bacteria that can infect the gastric track
Ondansetron works by (increasing, blocking) the serotonin effects at the 5-HT3 receptor sites, which are located in vagal nerve terminals and chemoreceptor trigger zone of the central nervous system.
blocking
PPIs reduce acid in the stomach by (increasing mucus production in the intestine, blocking how hydrogen ions are released, preventing protons from binding with hydrogen, by neutralizing pepsin and suppressing appetites).
blocking how hydrogen ions are released
Though the seven categories of antiemetic drugs have different mechanisms of action, the majority work by (blocking one of the vomiting pathways, inducing one of the vomiting pathways, decreasing the number of transmitters) which block the neurologic stimulus that induces vomiting.
blocking one of the vomiting pathways
Which routes can cimetidine be administered? Select all that apply. By mouth (PO) Transdermal (Topical) Intramuscular (IM) Intravenous (IV)
by mouth (PO) Intramuscular (IM) Intravenous (IV)
A 68-year-old, post-menopausal female presents to urgent care with pain in her right arm that started after a recent fall. An x-ray confirms fractures in both the radius and ulna, with indications of osteoporosis. Which medication regularly taken by the patient may have contributed to the fracture? vitamin D supplement omeprazole 120 mg aspirin 81 mg calcium supplement
omeprazole 120 mg
Tums and Maalox are (aluminum, calcium) containing antacids.
calcium
Which medication neutralizes acid in the stomach? esomeprazole ranitidine pantoprazole calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate
Which H2 receptor antagonist has the highest risk for drug interactions? famotidine nizatidine cimetidine omeprazole
cimetidine
In general ondansetron is safe unless there is a known allergy to the medication. (Indications for use, Contraindications) include oral disintegrating tablets in patients with phenylketonuria, congenital long QT syndrome, and concurrent use of apomorphine.
contraindications
A therapeutic effect is clear when there is a(n) (increase, decrease) in incidence and severity from nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery.
decrease
The H2 receptor antagonist dose in the older adult population should be (increased due to more mucus production in the gastric track, decreased due to slower renal function, increased due to the liver metabolizing the drug faster, decreased due to fewer histamine 2 (H2) receptors).
decreased due to slower renal function
Which of the following medication is safe to use with ondansetron? diphenhydramamine apomorphine carbamazepine rifampin
diphenhydramamine
A patient is prescribed an antiemetic to be given sublingual route. The nurse knows that this medication will be administered where? Deep into the muscle tissue Having the patient swallow with water Dissolved under the tongue Rectal suppository
dissolved under the tongue
Antacids (do, do not) prevent the overproduction of acid in the stomach, they (exacerbate, neutralize, masticate) acids that are present.
do not neutralize
(pantoprazole, famotidine, esomeprazole, simethicone) treats symptoms of hyperacidity by preventing parietal cells' stimulation from histamine.
famotidine
A 75-year-old client has been admitted for a gastrointestinal bleed. The client is confused and disoriented after receiving several medications. Which medication can worsen confusion and disorientation for this client? famotidine calcium carbonate pantoprazole misoprostol
famotidine
Patients with __________________ disease should use caution when taking H2 receptor antagonists. renal and hepatic hepatic and respiratory renal and cardiac orthopedic and cardiac
renal and hepatic
The (primary, secondary) response of parietal cells activates the hydrogen-potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) pump.
secondary
