PHI 103 test 2
No alligators are non-turtles
All alligators are turtles
Infer the missing statement All dogs are turtles All cats are dogs ∴(..............)
All cats are turtles
Fluffy is a cat
All members of the class of Fluffy are cats
Any sound argument is valid
All sound arguments are valid
All unsound arguments are invalid
All valid arguments are sound
J if and only if it is not the case that K if L
J↔~(L→K)
All sound arguments are invalid
none
Both P if Q and R only if S
none of these
P only if it is not the case that Q if and only if not R
none of these
Some non-alligators are not non-turtles
none of these
Some R are non Q
one of these
If not both A and B, then C only if D
~(A&B)→(C→D)
If it is not the case that either J or K, then it is not the case that both P and Q
~(JvK)→~(P&Q)
J, if it is not the case that either K or not L
~(Kv~L)→J
It is not the case that if P, then Q
~(P→Q)
Either not A or it is not the case that either B or C
~Av~(BvC)
It is not the case that both not A and not B if not C
~C→~(~A&~B)
s is not P
~Ps
If it is not the case that P, then Q
~P→Q
not P if not Q
~Q→~P
Some S are not non-P
(∃x)(Sx&Px)
Either P and Q or R if and only if S
(P&Q)v(R↔S)
Either P if and only if Q or R
(P↔Q)vR
No P are Q
(x)(Px→~Qx)
All P are non-S
(x)(Px→~Sx)
If not A and not B, then it is not the case that both C and D
(~A&~B)→~(C&D)
If not P and not Q, then not R
(~P&~Q)→~R
Some P are not S
(∃x)(Px&~Sx)
Read the following instance: All poodles are mice No mice are cats No cats are poodles How should we rewrite the first premise to put the argument in standard logical form?
All P are M
A unless it is not the case that B if C
Av~(C→B)
A only if B
A→B
A only if it is not the case that either A or not B
A→~(Av~B)
If A, then it is not the case that B if not C.
A→~(~C→B)
Read the following argument: Some poodles are cats and no cats are dogs so some poodles are not dogs Identify the first premise in this argument
No cats are dogs
Infer the missing statement (........................) Some cats are furballs ∴Some cats are not dogs
No dogs are furballs
Fido is not a cat
No members of the class of Fido are cats
P unless ~Q
Pv~Q
Infer the missing statement Some cats are not furballs All cats are cute animals ∴(.................)
Some cute animals are not furballs
Infer the missing statement (.................) All dogs are cats ∴Some cats are elephants
Some dogs are elephants
Some non-cats are not non-dogs
Some dogs are not cats
Few sound arguments are invalid.
Some sound arguments are not valid
Many non-alligators are not non-turtles
Some turtles are not alligators
Infer the missing statement All dogs are cats (....................) ∴Some turtles are not dogs
Some turtles are not cats
Some valid arguments are unsound
Some valid arguments are not sound
Some valid arguments are not unsound
Some valid arguments are sound
