PHIL 101 - ONGOING QUIZZES

How does a utilitarian decide what is the right/best thing to do in a given situation?

All of the above They try to do what brings the best possible consequences to everyone affected by the action They try to bring as much happiness to as many people as possible They try to cause as little pain and suffering as possible

Which of the following points could a materialist use when giving the argument from brain trauma?

All of the above: That Alzheimer's causes memory loss That anesthesia makes you unconscious That drugs can affect your emotions

In the material you've read and watched in this Module, which philosophical themes have been connected to The Matrix?

All of the above: - Plato's allegory of the cave - Descartes' evil demon (evil genius) doubt - Hillary Putnam's brain in a vat thought experiment

George Berkeley was

An empiricist and an idealist

Let's say that it's true that murdering innocent people just for fun is morally wrong. According to Divine Command Theory, why is murdering innocent people just for fun morally wrong?

Because God says murder is wrong and commands us not to murder innocent people

According to Kant, why would it be morally wrong for me to commit suicide?

Because I would be treating myself as a mere means

In the trolley problem, why would a utilitarian see it as morally permissible to flip the switch to kill one to save 5?

Because flipping the switch prevents more suffering than it causes

According to Kant's Formula of Humanity, why is lying morally wrong?

Because lying treats someone as a mere means

Let's say that it's true that murdering innocent people just for fun is morally wrong. According to Utilitarianism, why is murdering innocent people just for fun morally wrong?

Because murder causes a lot of pain and suffering and doesn't bring any happiness

According to Kant's Formula of Universal Law, why is lying morally wrong?

Because the maxim you follow when lying is not universalizable

Mill was:

Both (a) and (b) (a) a utilitarian (b) a consequentialist

In the video on the trolley problem, what were some of the practical applications of the trolley problem?

Both (a) and (b) (a) programming ethics into driverless cars (b) programming ethics into military drones

Which of the following would be considered morally wrong according to Kant's Formula of Humanity?

Both (a) and (b) (a) Committing suicide (b) Murdering someone

Which of the following was offered as a criticism of Divine Command Theory?

Both (a) and (b) (a) If Divine Command Theory is true, then God could make terrible things like torture and genocide morally right and command us to do them (b) It's hard to know for sure what God commands

Which of the following would be an example of violating another person's autonomy?

Both a and b (a) forcing someone into slavery (b) a doctor killing a patient against his consent and harvesting his organs

At the end of the evil demon doubt, the only thing that Descartes knows is that he exists as a thinking being. At this point he is even skeptical about whether he can know that 2+2=4. How does Descartes overcome his skepticism so that he can eventually say that he knows that 2+2=4?

Descartes remains an extreme skeptic and thinks we can never really know that 2+2=4.

In the video on Kantian ethics, there is a scene where a murderer comes to the door looking for Tony because he wants to kill Tony. According to Kantian ethics, what should Elvira do in this situation?

Either tell the truth or refuse to answer the question

According to John Searle's Chinese Room argument, the person in the Chinese room really understands Chinese.

False

Everyone who believes that God exists accepts Divine Command Theory.

False

Hume believed that we could know with absolute certainty that God exists.

False

Paul Churchland argues that the "argument from religion" is a good argument and gives us good reason to accept dualism.

False

Those who give the design argument argue:

God is the best explanation for certain complex features of the world

Which view holds that the mind is a purely physical thing?

materialism

Which of the following is an example of moral evil?

murder

If an action is morally permissible, then

neither (a) nor (b)

Which argument for dualism argues that studying the physical brain through science does not seem to get us a full understanding of consciousness?

The explanatory gap/knowledge argument

Which contemporary version of the design argument claims that God best explains why we live in the right sort of universe that is hospitable to life?

The fine-tuning argument

Which argument did Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia use when she criticized Descartes' view of the mind?

The unintelligibility of interaction

If you believe that morality is ultimately just cultural opinion, then you would automatically accept Divine Command Theory.

false

Mill thinks that the only types of pleasures people are capable of are sensual pleasures that animals also enjoy.

false

Utilitarianism only worries about the happiness of the person doing the action. It is not concerned with he happiness of anyone else in the world.

false

The unintelligibility of interaction argument claims:

(a) It doesn't make sense for a non-physical thought to cause a physical action

Utiltarianism is:

(a) a consequentialist theory

Which of the following views holds that mental states are non-physical properties?

(a) property dualism

A priori reasoning is:

(a) reasoning independent of experience (like mathematical and logical reasoning)

John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume were all

(b) Empiricists

Which was offered as an objection to utilitarianism?

(b) It leaves no room for justice or rights

Kantian ethics is:

(b) a non-consequentialist theory

Which view holds that mental states cannot exist without a functioning brain and so the mind cannot survive after death?

(b) materialism

A posteriori reasoning is:

(b) reasoning based on experience

What did Mill think was the highest good?

happiness

"Every day of my life, the sun has risen. Therefore, I have very good reason to believe that the sun will rise tomorrow." This is an example of:

inductive reasoning

The Problem of Evil argues against which type of God?

A God who is all good, all knowing, and all powerful

In the "Construct scenes" from The Matrix, Morpheus tells Neo that the Matrix was built to keep us under control, in order to turn a human being into what kind of object?

A battery

In the movie The Matrix, what exactly is "The Matrix"?

A computer generated world

In Module 3, you watched a clip from the cartoon "Rick and Morty." In this clip, Morty lives out a fake life as "Roy" in:

A video game

In the video on Phineas Gage (from Instructor Lecture Notes 5), what happened to Phineas Gage after the tamping rod went through his skull?

His personality changed

According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, a trait that helps an animal species survive in its particular environment better than those who lack that trait will most likely:

Increase in frequency over time (you'll see more and more animals of that species having that trait over time)

Kant believed an action was morally right or permissible if:

It conformed to the categorical imperative

Which view of the mind holds that the mind is purely physical?

Materialism

Kant was:

Neither a consequentialist nor or a utilitarian

Which of the following would be considered morally wrong according to Kant's Formula of Humanity?

None of the above are morally wrong as long as everyone involved is acting voluntarily and autonomously

Which view of the mind holds that the mind is non-physical and that the mind depends on the brain for its existence?

Property Dualism

Which view of the mind allows for the mind/soul to survive after the body dies?

Substance dualism

According to Kant, which of the following is not an example of a hypothetical imperative?

Telling the truth because it's the right thing to do

The problem of evil attempts to show:

That an all good, all knowing, all powerful God is unlikely to exist

The problem of evil argues:

That an all good, all knowing, all powerful God is unlikely to exist, given the suffering in the world

Evolutionary theory holds which of the following?

That humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor

In the Hume reading, Hume uses an example of Billiard balls (playing pool) to illustrate a point about cause and effect. What point is Hume making here?

That our understanding of cause and effect comes only from experience

What is John Searle's view about "Strong AI"?

That we have achieved "Strong AI"

"Is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?" This question is known as:

The Euthyphro dilemma

In the Vsauce video "Is my red the same as your red?" (from Instructor Lecture Notes 5), Michael talks about the "Sally-Anne test". What is the point of the "Sally-Anne test"?

To show what age children first develop a theory of mind

John Locke believed that the human mind starts off as a blank slate (tabula rasa) and that all of our ideas have their origin in experience.

True

In the "Construct scenes" from The Matrix, what metaphysical question does Morpheus ask Neo?

What is "real"? How do you define "real"?

If you understand the syntax but not the semantics of the word "dog", then

You understand the shape of the letters but don't understand the meaning of the word

Imagine I believe that it's generally wrong to kill, but morally permissible to kill in a circumstance where killing one person could save hundreds of innocent lives. My ethical view would most likely be:

a consequentialist theory

Imagine that I believe that it's morally wrong to kill in every possible situation. I even believe it would be morally wrong to kill one person to save the lives of hundreds of innocent people. My ethical view would most likely be:

a non-consequentialist theory

Monotheism is the belief in:

a single god

What is it called when you try to defend the existence of God against the problem of evil?

a theodicy

If you don't know or are unsure about whether some kind of God(s) exists, you are:

agnostic

Empiricism is the view that:

all of our knowledge is ultimately acquired through sense experience.

If you don't believe that any God(s) exists, you are:

athiest

According to the lecture notes, which of the following is an example of violating a person's autonomy?

both (a) and (b) (a) a doctor killing a healthy patient against his consent to harvest his organs (b) pushing the fat guy off the bridge against his consent to stop the trolley

Which of the following would be an example of a mental state?

both (a) and (b) (a) Remembering the time your brother punched you in the face (b) Feeling angry at your brother for punching you in the face

Which view holds that the mind is non-physical?

dualism

Which of the following is an example of natural evil?

earthquakes

According to Kantian ethics, it would be morally permissible to steal in a situation where stealing benefited a lot of people and didn't harm anyone.

false

According to the lecture notes, if you believe that God exists, you cannot also believe in evolution. You can believe in God OR evolution, but not both at the same time.

false

Which view allows for the mind/soul to survive when the body dies?

substance dualism

Which was Descartes' view of the mind?

substance dualism

If you believe that some kind of God(s) exists, you are:

theist

Let's say a computer could answer all of your questions just like a human could, and you were fooled into thinking you were talking to a human instead of a computer. The computer could be said to have passed the ____________________ test

turing

In the Chinese Room argument, John Searle argues that a computer running a program can

understand syntax but not semantics

Paley compares the design and complexity of the world to the design and complexity of:

watch