phil 210 midterm

What was Neo about Neo-Confucianism?

Absorbed the metaphysics of Buddhism and Daoism

The belief that there is no essential self (or law) is termed

Anatman

Which of the following best characterizes Theravada Buddhism (or Way of the Elders), the earliest form of Buddhism (note: more than one answer is possible).

Ascetic and Monastic, Non-Soteriological (No Savior Figure)

While the sincerity of Ashoka's conversion need not be doubted, how else might we explain his use of Buddhism

Ashoka inherited a multicultural empire and needed a transcultural policy to govern it.

Brahman is present in all people; it is the experience of the sacred within onself and a temporary delineation of Brahman much like a wave is to an ocean. This concept is known as

Atman

Which of the following statements regarding Ashoka's administration is true?

Buddhism changed from a small cult to a large publicly supported institution

By 1700, almost the entire sub-continent (India) was dominated by

Central Asian Muslims

Which of the following best characterizes the Daoist philosophy of the Zhuangzi?

Challenges conventional morality that depends upon distinctions

How might you ensure rebirth in the Western Paradise presided over by Amitahba?

Chant the nien-fo

According to Karl Marx, religion numbs people to their true political consciousness. He says in A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people". This is an example of

Functional Theory

Which of the following is an example of a ritual

Muhammad Hasan is looking forward to his pilgrimage to Mecca where he will join others in circumnavigating the Kaaba

Jnana Yoga is the most intellectual path -- it is characterized by Advaita Vedanta, which means

No dualist division of reality - humans are one with ultimate reality

Which of the following best characterizes Theravada Buddhism (or Way of the Elders), the earliest form of Buddhism.

Non-Theistic

The belief in many gods is called:

Polytheism

Read the quotation and match it with the school of Buddhism the quote describes or emerged from

Q. Why did the monk Bodhidharma come from the West? A. The bush in the garden. - Chan (zen) According to the Candamaharosana Tantra, Gautama actually attained Buddhahood while still living in his palace, engaged in ritual sexual intercourse with his wife Gopa. - Vajrayana

Who defined religion as "An illusion deriving its strength from the fact that it falls in with our instinctual desires"

Sigmund Freud

Fundamental to Vedic sacrifices, it was offered to the gods and was highly valued for its exhilarating, probably hallucinogenic effect.

Soma

At the first Buddhist council, Vinaya Pitaka was recited and passed down in an oral tradition.

Strict and detailed Rules and Practices regulating the life of a monk

How does Mencius prove that human nature is good?

The Child and the Well Story

To ensure harmony and order, everyone should know their place and act accordingly. Confucius thus taught

The Five Cardinal Relationships

Belief in God (or some form of deity) is a defining characteristic of religion.

false

Based on artifacts such as figurines and carved seals, we can assume that part of Dravidian religion consisted of

fertility cult

a spiritual teacher or master

guru

Xena considers her religion superior to other religions. Her attitude has been molded by the beliefs of her parents. Xena's attitude best reflects:

her preunderstanding of her religion.

The study of the past using careful scholarly methods such as archaeology is a part of what method?

historical-critical method

Which academic discipline studies the process of a religion's beginnings, growth, diversity, decline, and so on?

history

The civilization the flourished between 3000 bc and 1500 bc around the Indus River valley collapsed due to

environmental problems

According to the First Sermon of the Buddha, suffering is caused by a lack of attachment to things that matter most, i.e., family, love, and health True

False

King of the Gods, main god of the Rigveda. Warrior god who assists the Aryans in defeating their enemies, both human and demon.

Indra

What religion was a significant challenge to Hinudism during the Medieval period (600 - 1800 ad) Buddhism

Islam

The putative author of the Dao De Jing

Laozi

Which of the following is not a response to the significant challenge to Hinduism during the Classical Period?

Low gods of the non-Aryans classes were finally expurgated (removed) from worship and scripture.

How did the Zhou kings justify overthrowing the Shang

Mandate of Heaven

Which of the following was not part of the Shang Dynasty religion?

Mandate of Heaven

Synthesized previous Neo-Confucian philosophers into a systematic philosophy

Zhu Xi

Islam originated in the Arabian peninsula, but rapidly spread its country of origin. It teaches that it has a truth that is applicable to all. Today, Muslims can be found throughout the world and among all different ethnicities. Which of the following best describes Islam

Universal Religion

Monk missionaries and merchants spread Buddhism throughout Asia. Therefore, Buddhism is an example of

Universal religion

Match the correct Sanskrit work with its translation

Vaishyas - skilled traders, merchants Shudras - unskilled workers

Earliest religious texts containing a collection of hymns, prayers, and rituals honoring various gods.

Vedas

Your textbook defines religion as follows. Religion is a pattern of beliefs and practices that expresses and enacts what a community regards as sacred and/or ultimate about life.

beliefs and sacred

During the Shang, oracle bones were used for

communicate with the gods

Rudolf Otto, in his work The Idea of the Holy, describes the awe-inspiring element of the religious experience as

the numinous

This is a sculpture by Bernini titled "The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa." It depicts a vision she had of an angel piercing her with an arrow -- symbolic of union with deity. This is an example of

mystical orientation

Answers to existential questions are often answered by religions in the form of

myths

(ineffable), based on root word meaning to extinguish or blowing out; overcoming cycle of rebirth

nirvana

The ancient Jews believed that one man served as a mouth piece or intermediary between God and man. He often delivered messages or warnings to the people from God. This is an example of

prophetic orientation

William James maintained that the primary focus of the psychology of religion and of religion itself should be:

religious experience of individuals.

what most connects the individual and the community to the sacred reality

rituals

The five cardinal relationships can be characterized as

the extension of one's duties to friends and family, Hierarchical and Reciprocal

Our English word religion it typically traced to the ancient latin word religio meaning

to bind or tie