Phil final

Swinburne is best described as adopting which of the following (metaphysical) criteria of personal identity?

the soul criterion

According to Gould, one can consistently believe both biological evolution and that God exists.

true

According to Hick, it is possible to make sense of an afterlife even though there is no such thing as an immaterial soul.

true

According to the Buddhist view of Anatman discussed in class, the idea of a person or self is a fiction we create to bundle various mental and physical events we observe.

true

One worry discussed in class for the "Non-Overlapping Magisteria" view is that there seem to be certain examples of religion making factual claims about the empirical world.

true

Plantinga argues that if naturalism and evolution are both true then it would be unlikely that our belief faculties are reliable since in this context evolution would only aim adaptive behavior and not truth.

true

Logical Problem of Evil

The existence of a Theistic God is inconsistent with the existence of evil

Evidential Problem of Evil

The existence of a Theistic God is unlikely given the kinds of evil we actually observe in this world

Which of the following worries does Rowe raise for the attempt to appeal to free will to resolve the evidential problem of evil?

The existence of natural evils such as floods, earthquakes, etc.

According to Dennett religion plays a critical contemporary role in making its adherents more moral.

false

According to Plantinga, the conflict between Naturalism and Evolution is a matter of inconsistency. In other words, it is logically impossible that both Naturalism and Evolution are true.

false

Badham is a dualist, i.e. she believes that people are made up of both a physical body and a distinct immaterial mind (or soul).

false

Which of the following positions does Rowe defend regarding the view an Atheist should take regarding the Theist's belief in God?

friendly atheism

How does Gould attempt to establish the "non-conflict" of science and religion?

he argues that science and religion each investigate separate and non-overlapping domains

Mackie discusses a response to the logical problem of evil that says "Evil is necessary as a means to good." Which of the following reasons does Mackie give for believing that this is a fallacious solution?

it denies God's Omnipotence

What reason does Hick give for rejecting what he labels "The Free Will Defense"?

it does not fit well with our modern scientific understanding of the world

Consider the case of Rowe's fawn who is injured and suffers painfully for three days until it finally dies in the forest. Imagine that we discover that this fawn's death actually provided food for other animals in the forest. Does Rowe think this would be sufficient to show that God was justified in allowing this evil to occur?

no

According to the Non-Overlapping Magisteria model, religion and science do not conflict with one another because each is investigating distinct areas of inquiry. According to this model the domain of investigation for science is ____(1)_____ and the domain of investigation of religion is _____(2)________.

(1) The Empirical Constitution of the Universe; (2) The nature of ethical and spiritual meaning.

A popular response to the problem of evil is to claim that God would want to create a world with free will, and the evil in the world is the result of these creatures using their free will. Which of the following were discussed as potential worries with this solution?

- It isn't clear that the notion of Free Will makes sense. - It seems to deny God's omnipotence by claiming God cannot create a world with free will and no evil. - Free Will might seem to be incompatible with God's omniscience since God would create us while knowing all of our future choices.

Which of the following objections from Badham is meant to challenge the existence of a soul (Choose all that apply)?

- Mind and Body Interact but this cannot be explained if the mind is immaterial - There is no non-arbitrary point at which souls might have come into existence in the evolutionary process leading to humans

Which of the following worries does Badham raise for the possibility of a bodily resurrection?

- People gain matter from and lose matter to their environment all the time. So, the same piece of matter might be a part of multiple people's bodies. - If the body was resurrected with all malfunctions repaired then this would require so much change all at once that it isn't clear it would be the same person. - If a person's body at their time of death was exactly reconstructed the this body would just die again. - If every person had a bodily resurrection then it isn't clear that there would be enough space for all of these bodies.

What worry does Kitcher raise for trying to appeal to religious experiences as a justifying basis for religious belief?

- Such experiences are more frequent among people who ingest substances that we take to decrease a person's reliability in attaining truth. - Statistics of reported religious experiences are highly variable across groups and periods of time. - These experiences occur more frequently among people who are anxious, fearful, distrubed and distraught.

Which of the following are worries raised in class for "The Soul Making Theodicy"?

- in many cases the suffering people undergo does not seem to help with their moral or spiritual development. - It seems as if the degree of suffering might be beyond what is needed for moral development. - It doesn't seem to explain the unfair distribution of suffering we see in the world.

According to Swinburne, a person just is his or her brain.

False

According to Swinburne, the multiple reports of Near Death Experiences provide sufficient evidence for believing that our conscious life may continue after our brain has ceased functioning.

False

Mackie refers to various proposals for resolving the logical problem of evil as "fallacious solutions", which of the following best describes what he means by a "fallacious solution"?

A response that explicty accepts but implicitly rejects one of the essential claims of traditional theism.

Which of the following best describes a defense (as opposed to a theodicy) in response to the problem of evil?

An attempt to identify a "possible" scenario where a Theistic God would allow evil

According to Hick's "Irenaean" Theodicy God's reason for creating a world with both moral and non-moral evils is because...

It is necessary for the moral and spiritual development of a person.

The possibility of "multiple replication" is a problem for Hick's view of personal identity because it seems to violate which principle of logic?

If A = B and B = C, then A = C.

In class we discussed an important way that one might attempt to use Dennett's "Evolutionary Account of Religion" so as to raise a kind of conflict between religion and science. Which of the following best describes the worry?

If we can give a natural evolutionary explanation for the origin and flourishing of religion as we know it, then the source of these religious beliefs is unrelated to truth.

Which of the following best describes what Kitcher refers to as "The Challenge FOR Secularism"?

In order to replace religion, secularism needs to offer alternative means for filling the various cultural, social, and psychological needs that religion has evolved to meet.

Mackie discusses a response to the logical problem of evil that claims "Evil is Necessary as a counterpart to Good". Which of the following reasons does Mackie give for believing that this is a fallacious solution?

It denies that evil and goodness are intrinsic qualities of things

Which of the following is a worry often raised for Skeptical Theism?

It seems to preclude the possibility of ordinary moral deliberation and knowledge.

According to the Buddhist view of rebirth discussed in class, a person is a combination of Name-and-Form. To what kind of events does "Name" refer to here?

Mental events

Which of the following best describes the mistake that Skeptical Theists believe the evidential argument makes?

Our failure to find any successful Theodicy is not a good reason to think that there isn't one.

According to Dennett, which of the following best explains the *origin* of religious belief and practices?

Our tendency to attribute agency to a wide variety of animate and inanimate things.

According to the Buddhist view of rebirth discussed in class, a person is a combination of Name-and-Form. To what kind of events does "Form" refer to here?

Physical Events

According to Dennett, which of the following best explains the flourishing of religious ideas?

Religious ideas evolved so as to become better and better suited for replication and transmission via culture.

Badham is best described as adopting which of the following (metaphysical) criteria of personal identity?

The Bodily Criterion

Which of the following does Hick appeal to in an attempt to show that a person is best understood as the "coded information" embodied by their physical body?

The teleportation case where a person dissappears at a location and then a "replica" of that person appears at point B, but the initial person did not travel through any of the intermediate space.

Rowe's example of the fawn is meant to support which premise in the Evidential Argument from Evil?

There are gratuitous evils in our world

Which of the following best describes what Kitcher calls "The Challenge OF Secularism"?

There is a diversity of religions that cannot all be true. The origin of these diverse beliefs are on a par and we should thereby trust none of them.

According to the Divine Command Theory (DCT) moral goodness/badness and the rightness/wrongness of actions is defined in terms of what God Commands (or Wills). The most significant challenge to this is the Euthyphro dilemma. What is the worry raised by the Euthyphro dilemma for a DCT that says God's will is NOT grounded in an apprehension of a standard of goodness?

This makes God's will, and thereby morality, a matter of arbitrary fiat.,

According to Swinburne, there is an important difference between the existence of the soul and its functioning.

True

The epistemological question of personal identity through time amounts to the following: "How can we know that person A at time 1 is the same person as a person B at time 2?"

True

What does Dennett mean when he talks about a person "taking the intentional stance"?

a person treating some thing in the world as an agent (a thing with beliefs, desires, etc)