Philo 1st Midterm

Environmental Aesthetic

a philosophical view in maintaining order in the environment will bring out the natural beauty of surroundings and contribute to the well-being of the people and other organisms living in it. (Endriga, 2017). l

Aristotle

a polymath

Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759)

argues that a truly righteous person embodies the value of prudence since it controls one's overindulgences and as such vital for a certain society.

Arne Naess/Deep Ecology

assumes that all living things possesses equal value and intrinsic worth, regardless of their usefulness or utility to other beings.

plato

authored the books "dialogues" and "the republic"

Agora

favorite place of Socrates in Athens

Aristotle

Alexander the Great's teacher

Anaximander and Pythagoras

Ancient Thinkers

Father of Logic Pioneer of Empiricism Nicomachean Ethics Natural Sciences Formalized Rhetoric

Aristotle was what?

frugality

It is a virtue that guides us in making choices in life and receiving the most value out of those decisions.

Anthropocentrism

focuses on the significant role of humankind in the world and considers nature as the means by which humans are able to meet their needs and survive.

Plato

founded "academia"

Aristotle

founded the Lyceum

Pythagoras

he described that the universe is a living embodiment of nature's order, harmony and beauty. - he sees our relationship with the universe involving biophilia (love of other living things) and cosmophilia (love of other living beings

socrates

husband of Xanthippe

3. Ecofeminism

it assumes that male-centered view of nature is the root cause of ecological problems. - it also believes that a society that tolerates women oppression is directly linked with its tendency to tolerate the abuse of environment and degradation of nature. - it also features the existing patriarchal and capitalist system in our society as social economic exploitative to the detriment of women and nature

Deep Ecology

it highlights the shifting away of approaches from anthropocentrism to ecocentrism. (Sioco and Vinzons, 2016)

Frugality

just like prudence, plays a big role in protecting the environment. It finds a great deal of value in lessening one's use of natural resources and, at the same time, getting as much value as possible out of the resources that we are using.

Socratic Method Dialectic Conversation Moral Philosophy Concept of the sould or the "psyche"

major contributions of Socrates

socrates

son of a stonemason and a midwife

Aristotle

student of Plato

Plato

student of Socrates

soul

world of ideas

body

world of matter

Herbert Marcuse

"Human have power over nature."

George Herbert Mead

"Man have duties and responsibilities in nature"

Immanuel Kant

"The orderliness of nature and the harmony of nature with our faculties guide us toward a deeper religious perspective."

Pythagoras

- he described that the universe is a living embodiment of nature's order, harmony and beauty. - he sees our relationship with the universe involving biophilia (love of other living things) and cosmophilia (love of other living beings)

environmental philosophy

-Philosophers believe that the human person has the ability to change the environment to suit his/her purposes.

Environmental Integrity

1. means that any human activities or economic advances should not unduly disrupt the environment and human communities located in the area. The environment should not be drastically impacted by human activities. (Abella, 2016)

1. Environmental Integrity 2. Economic Efficiency 3. Equity

Principles of Sustainability (3)

1. Immanuel Kant 2. Herbert Marcuse 3. George Herbert Mead

Modern Thinkers (3)

Prudence

The capacity to direct and discipline one's activities and behavior using reason.

1. Deep Ecology

Theories in Radical Ecological Philosophy

Anaximander

according to his "Creation-Destruction", the sketch of the genesis of the world begins with the generation of the opposites in certain region Nature. - Nature is indeterminate-boundless in the sense that no boundaries between the warm and or the moist and dry regions are originally present within.

St. Thomas Aquinas

also argued that prudence is not purely an individual virtue, but concerns the social dimensions too.

Frugality

another fundamental value that can help us develop a sense of right and wrong and attain whatever we want in life.

2. Social Ecology - Murray Bookchin,

believes that ecological problems can be traced to social problems. Societies that are structured around hierarchies as well as economic classes use their authority to dominate natural resources and exploit environment for profit and self-interest. (Sioco and Vinzons, 2016) a belief that ecological problems can be traced back to social problems, such as: Hierarchy and Domination (eg. Monopoly) Capitalism Exploitation of Natural Resources.

Biocentrism

believes that humans are not only significant species on the planet, and that all other organisms have inherent value and should be protected.

Prudence

can help us become wiser, more responsible in terms of using our natural resources and, most importantly become more appreciative of nature's essential value.

reason (mind)

decision-maker

Sustainable Development

defined as " Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (World Commission on Environment and Development)

environmental philosophy

discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings in the environment and its non- human components.

spirit (soul)

righteous

Reason (mind) : Decision-maker Spirit (soul) : Righteous Appetite (body) : Pleasure-oriented

parts of the human soul (3)

Ecocentrism

places great value on ecosystems and biological communities.

appetite (body)

pleasure-oriented

Equity

refers to conserving our natural resources so that the future generations will still be able to use it. (Abella, 2016)

Deep Ecology

this is experiencing ourselves as part of the living earth and finding our role in protecting the planet.

Economic Efficiency

this is to ensure that there is minimum to zero waste in using our natural resources. (Abella, 2016)

biocentrism

this view advocates ethical treatment of animals.

ecocentrism

this view believes that humankind is part of a greater biological system and that we have a significant role as stewards or guardians of nature

anthropocentrism

this view believes that humans are the most important species on the planet and they are free to transform nature and its resources.

ecocentric

this view promotes the idea that order and balance brings about stability and beauty.

self-awareness self-determination externality dignity

traits of the human person as an embodied spirit