Philosophy 1100 Final

Term by Kagan for something you don't yet have, but might get later...

"Schmoss"

According to Penelhum, what are 2 fundamental problems about life after death?

1. Imagining the kind of life survivors of death could lead. 2. Finding some means of determining whether the person who survived death might be the same person who lived.

What are the two concepts of survival?

1. Immortality of the Soul 2. Doctrine of Disembodied Survival

Nagel says there is an important asymmetry between life and death because why?

Because the time after death could be seen as depriving a person of something. One could not have been born earlier, but could have lived longer.

This tells us that it's bad for us that there is a period of existence after we die because we can't enjoy the good things of life.

Deprivation Account

The belief that person will survive without any content?

Doctrine of Disembodied Survival

This doctrine has made it tempting for philosophers to say what makes a person the same from one period to the next is the continuance of their body through 2 periods.

Doctrine of Spiritual Substance

This doctrine presents the total annihilation of a person at death

Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Body

Sense 1 of Remembering: cannot provide a criterion of personal identity.

Doing or experiencing something done or experienced by the person they claim to be.

According to Locke, whenever one's hand is cut off, one's personal identity changes.

FALSE

True or False: According to Reid's view, persons are temporary, divisible, material substances.

FALSE

True or False: According to Thomas Reid, memory cannot provide evidence of personal identity.

FALSE

In "Death", Nagel provides a detailed discussion of the value of one person's life or death may have for other persons. True or False.

False

Penelhum claims that we can know for certain there is a 1-to-1 correspondence between the inhabitants of earth and the inhabitants in the world of the afterlife. True or False?

False

True or False: Penelhum thinks the "doctrine of spiritual substance" is very valuable and likely the correct way to understand immortality.

False

A continued, uninterrupted existence

Identity

Which of the following does Nagel offer to support the view that we don't object to death merely because it involves long periods of nonexistence?

Most of us wouldn't regard temporary suspension of life as a misfortune in itself. Few of us also regard it as misfortune that we didn't exist before we were born.

This involves a loss, not having something you once had.

Postmortem Nonexistence

This involved not having something that one may get later.

Prenatal Nonexistence

Problem of distinguishing between two or more things.

Problem of Individuation

According to Nagel, death is a bad misfortune whenever it comes. True or False?

True

According to Nagel, despite a person's view of their own life, others may view it as unfortunate. True or False?

True

According to Nagel, if a man dies HE is the suitable object of pity, not his actual corpse. True or False?

True

According to Nagel, the longer the life the better. True or false?

True

According to Penelhum, the notion of disembodied survival (the immortality of the soul) is unintelligible.

True

True or False: Lucretius thought it was a mistake that we claim that death could be bad for us.

True

True or False: disembodied persons could never meet eachother.

True

Reid's view on diversity:

a contrary relation between similarity and dissimilarity.

Resurrection is not a re-appearance of a regular person, but rather

a duplicate person

Notion of memory, according to Penelhum is

ambigious, because people forget. It's not reliable.

In "Life after Death", Penelhum claims that...

daily earthly life we sometimes rely on bodily standards to determine identity, and memory criterion as well.

According to Nagel, unlike the time before one's birth, the time after one's death can be understood to

deprive someone of something.

Sometimes we need to know about a person's ________________ to know if something is a misfortune like deprivation.

history

According to Penelhum, the notion of remembering...

is ambiguous.

Nagel claims that, if death is an evil at all, it cannot be evil because...

of its positive features.

We base our identity judgments of others upon their

physical appearance.

We depend on the ________________ _________________ of people for our ability to reidentify them.

physical continuity

According to Penelhum, the logic of the concept of disembodied persons clearly....

rules out the possibility of there being a community of such persons.

According to Locke, if the soul of the prince entered the body of a cobbler, then we would....

still have the same person as the prince yet in a different man's body.

According to Penelhum, difficulties with determining whether the person who might survive death would be the same as the person who died affect....

the doctrine of disembodied survival and the doctrine of the resurrection of the body.

What does Penelhum mean by saying that disembodied persons lead an isolated existence?

they cannot do physical things.

Thomas Reid claims that which of the following is the "strange consequences" of John Locke's account of personal identity?

1. One intelligent being may be two or twenty different persons. 2. Two or twenty intelligent beings may be the same person.

True or False: One disadvantage of Locke's view of personal identity is that it does not allow for the possibility of immortality.

FALSE

True or False: Reid claims that he is able to give a clear, concise, logical definition of identity.

FALSE

According to Nagel, in "Death" the value of life and its contents is based almost entirely on mere organic (or bodily survival).

False

According to Nagel, most people's attitudes about posthumous and prenatal existence are symmetrical. True or False?

False

According to Penelhum, disembodied persons can conduct physical performances. True or False?

False

According to Penelhum, if a person claims to believe in postmortem survival and also claims that the nature of postmortem survival is totally unknown, then that person has a belief about postmortem survival that has a great amount of content. True or False?

False

According to Penelhum, the doctrine of the resurrection of the body is completely absurd. True or False?

False

In "Death", Nagel claims that when a man dies, his corpse is a suitable object for pity. True or False?

False

Human _________________ is bound w/ physical movement.

Human Action

Human ____________ is bound to the way men talk and behave.

Human Emotion

Notion of human _____________________ can be related to the things men can be seen to do and heard to say.

Human Intelligence

According to Nagel, the "badness of death" is what?

Loss of perceptions, thoughts, activities, loss of life itself. It is not necessarily being dead that is bad, it's what comes with the loss of life.

John Locke's personal identity for criterion is what?

Memory

According to Nagel, the value of a life and its contents is not based on what?

Mere organic (bodily) survival

Focusing on the present and nothing else...

Mistake of Temporal Relation

A property a thing has, independent of anything else.

Nonrelational Property (Some good/evils are relational).

All bodies consist of innumberable parts that may be disjoined by a great variety of causes...

Objects of Sense

Our ability to identify a post-mortem being depends on what?

Our ability to identify a feature that being still possesses.

Bodily criterion has priority over memory because?

People forget things.

This states that total transformation would rob the notion of survival of all clear meaning.

Radical Transformation

According to Penelhum, there is concern that the life a disembodied person might lead would be too different from the type of life we lead? True or False.

TRUE

According to the doctrine of the resurrection of the body, it is not conceivable that there might be a future existence where large numbers of persons each resembling us with knowledge of the past. True or False?

TRUE

Another period of non-existence is prenatal non-existence. Lucretius says that we should be similarily upset about prenatal non-existence as we are death. He believes that our views should be symmetrical. True or False?

TRUE

True or False: At the end of Smart's "A Case of Identity", the judges decide that Ship X was identical with Ship Z.

TRUE

True or False: In a "Case of Identity" by Brian Smart, judges agreed that objects could be dismantled and reassembled elsewhere and maintain their identity.

TRUE

True or False: in an Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claims that personal identity consists in the "sameness of a rational being".

TRUE

What does it mean that disembodied survivors might have mental lives?

That they might think, imagine, dream, or have feelings.

According to Nagel, death is evil because of why?

The deprivation, loss of possible good.

In Smart's "Case of Identity", Morion's lawyer claimed what was a necessary and sufficient condition of the identity (in the case of the ships)?

The identity of the parts of ship X with the parts of ship Z.

True or False: even if the negative events in one's life outweigh the good, life is still worth living, according to Penelhum.

True

True or False? Lucretius thought it was irrational to fear death. Our responses to death and our prenatal existence should be symmetrical.

True

According to Nagel, why do people react differently to the death of the young vs. the old?

Young deaths are generally viewed as more tragic.

Sense 2 of remembering: to say that someone remembers something is to _____________________

accept their belief that they remember.

2 criteria of identity:

bodily and memory.

Sometimes we decide who someone is by facts about their physical appearance and determining whether they

can remember past events.

While Penelhum concludes the immortality of the soul is unintelligible, he says that the doctrine of bodily resurrection....

cannot be proven although it is not absurd.

Nagel says that you can be harmed after your death by being deprived of something like?

final wishes, etc.

According to Fred Feldman's view, you don't actually imagine a longer life, rather you.....

just shift your entire existence earlier, but still having lived for about the same length of time.

Reid's view on memory is that:

memory is fallacious (does not constitute identity).

In Smart's "Case of Identity", Bombo's lawyer argues in favor of the view that...

something, such as a human body can undergo a change of identity in all of its parts over time while still retaining its identity throughout the changes.

in "the Problem of Personal Identity", Perry claims that if we can have the same person on two different occasions when we don't have the same live human body, then it seems...

that a person cannot be identified with his body, and personal identity cannot be identified with bodily identity.

According to Locke's view, if Marcus climbs Mt. Everest when he is 21 yrs old, and he loses any memory of doing so the very next day, when Marcus is 50yrs old he is still....

the same man who climbed Mt. Everest, whether he can remember it or not.

According to Nagel, most people would see suspended animation as an advantage, but the negative aspect is....

the things that are missed in between.

According to Kagan, Death is viewed as bad not just because the state of non-existence, but because....

we can't enjoy the goods of life. (One thing Kagan and Nagel agree on).

Issue of identity in disembodied survival:

whether the beings that survive are the ones that existed before death.