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What is the name of the scale by which different types of light are measured? What end of the scale (in terms of numbers) are cool light sources? What end of the scale (in terms of numbers) are warm light sources?

Degrees Kelvin

what range of focal lengths signify wide-angle lenses? what are the visual affects of wide angle lenses?

17mm and 35mm As the focal lengt h increases things that are far - away look closer.

what range of focal lengths signify telephoto lenses? what are the visual effects telephoto lenses?

50mm to 135mm

What type of photography is Mark Cohen renowned for?

ften uses a flash for his street photographs. Because it ' s usually light when he's working , this might technically be consid ered fill flash .

what is the name given to lenses with extremely short focal lengths ( below 17mm)?

" fish eyes ."

whose lecture in Detroit inspired Harry Callahan to make his pictures close to home?

Adams' lecture freed him to make his pictures close to home, in his own backyard even .

what does aperture control? how does aperture affect the depth of field of a photograph

Aperture controls the amount of light that reaches the sensor. Small apertures can be used to achieve a greatdepth of field, i.e. a picture in which everything is in focus. Wide apertures can be used to achieve a shallow depth of field, i.e. a picture in which part of the image is in sharp focus and the rest is blurry.

what time of day did Atget preferred to photograph? list the range of subjects that he incorporated in his subject?

Atget preferred the early hours because the streets were empty, the light was beautiful and he could avoid the crowds that filled the city later in the day. The fact that the sun was often low in the sky resulted in many backlit situations.

what was Atget's primary subject matter?

Atget's subject was the city of Paris, specifically, what he called "Old Paris". is practice was to arise at dawn and set out to photograph, documenting streets, buildings, doorways and interiors —spaces that were often in danger of being replaced by the relentless advancement of modernity.

what was it that brought the work of Eugene Atget to wide public attention in the US?

Berenice Abbot, an American photographer living in Paris, purchased a large quantity of his prints which she brought to the US and eventually sold to the Museum of Modern Art.

List the difference ways that photographs can be blurred

Camera Shake, Motion Blur, bokeh

What is Rineke Dijkstra best known for? Why do her pictures rarely show people smiling?

Dijkstra works with a large format camera and often uses fill flash Dijkstra seeks to avoid artificial poses in order to get deeper into each person's psychology. She says, "Im was interested in photographing people at moments when they had dropped all pretense of a pose." Dijkstra tries to ensure that they don't feel too setup

What method did Walker Evans use when he photographed people on the New York City subway?

Fixing the focus before getting in the train and using a cable release which went up his sleeve, Evans built a new archive, a collection of New Yorkers, as they went about their day.

What are the primary characteristics of Lee Friedlander's approach to framing photographs?

Friedlander's images also involve experimental approaches to framing a picture.He frequently divides the frame into several s ections and loves reflections for the way they extend the space in a photograph. The effect is kaleidoscopic, lines — and people — moving in multiple directions.

Who invented the stroboscope?

Harold "Doc" Edgerton

What was harry Callahan's approach to photography so unique?

He became a bridge between straight photography and a formal, experimental approach. Callahan often made use of high contrast.

what did Garry Winogrand mean when he said ,." there is nothing as mysterious as a fact clearly described"?

He is arguing that while the camera records facts, it tells us nothing about the actuality of any given situation. For example, we don't know why a monkey is sitting, snarling in a convertible on a New York street .

Why did Walker Evans like to photograph in the middle of the day?

His preference was for pictures that displayed no sentimental feelings towards a subject, preferring instead to let each thing speak for itself. Wherever Evans went a favorite subject was signs, whethe

what are the three elements involves in making an exposure

ISO, SHUTTER SPEED, APERTURE

What event resulted in color photography being taken seriously in the context of art? Why was color not taken seriously prior to this event?

It wasn't until the 1970's, and an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art by William Eggleston , that color was taken seriously. part this was due to the fact that color materials were unstable, fading quite quickly when exposed to sunlight , but it was also the belief that color was too pretty, that it undermined the seriousness of the w ork.

what is the difference between motion blur and camera shake

Motion blur means that a moving subject appears blurry while everything else in the frame is in sharp focus. The blur appears to be moving in the same direction as the subject. Camera shake will cause the whole image to be out of focus.

What is the principal characteristic of natural light?

Natural light can entail very bright conditions , or be much dimmer. The critical aspect of natural light is that the sun is the light source.

What does the shutter speed control? How does shutter speed affect the rendering of motion in a photograph?

Shutter speed controls the length of time that light is allowed to reach the sensor. Fast shutter speeds can be used to freeze motion and slow shutter speeds can be used to blur motion

What are the primary characteristics of Lee Friedlander's self - portraits?

The difference perhaps is that where most people go to great lengths to look good in their selfies, Friedlander appears to do everything he can to look unattractive. exercise in evasion many ways, it seems that he is doing everything he can to avoid any self -revelation. Instead the frame becomes an arena for visual acrobatics —a master of composition displaying his virtuosity.

How does light that shines on a subject from the front effect the texture of surfaces in a photograph?

This flattens out the space and reduces the texture of the stucco on the building.

In what way did Walker Evans seek to describe the United States?

United States through an accumulation of facts, or to put it another way, create a portrait of a place one detail at a time. While there can be little doubt that America's sense of itself in the 1930's is very much reliant on the images that Evans made, the question that must be asked is, was it actually like this , or did Evans just make it look that way ?

How does light that shines on a subject from the side effect the texture of surfaces in a photograph?

When light comes from above and from the side shadows will be elongated and texture emphasized

what is another name for a variable focal length lens? what are the advantages and disadvantages of such lens?

Zoom lenses the range of focal lengths of zoom lenses varies dramatically. A fairly standard zoom lenses may range from 28-135mm. have a smaller maximum f-stop perhaps 4 or even 5.6 which makes it harder to work in low light. they are also bigger and heavier than prime lenses and typically they will produce images that are less sharp, particularly at the corners.

How were Vivian Maier's photographs discovered? How did she feel about exhibiting her photographs?

a man named John Maloof, who developed hundreds of rolls of film and began to print the negatives. Astonished by the work, he began to research Maier's life and seek out more of her work. she did not want to exhibit her work

What is the meaning of the word "tableaux"?

a word that's used to describe a group o f models or motionless figures representing a scene from a story.

what is the function of the exposure compensation button? How would you adjust exposure compensation to ensure detail in the shadows? how would you exposure to ensure that dark subjects appear as silhouettes?

allows you to make your entire image brighter or darker. Scrolling towards the plus sign will set your camera to overexpose your picture, meaning it will be brighter (+) Scrolling towards the minus will set your camera to unde rexpose your image, meaning it will be darker (-)

what is the term used to describe the precise area that any given lens can see? how does the focal length of a lens effect the are any given lens can see?

angle of view As the focal length of a lens increases the angle of view gets smaller. This is why telephoto lenses make far away things look closer.

What is the term used to describe the use of flash in daylight? What is the purpose of doing this

as a very different effect than using it as a primary light source in dark spaces. This is called using " fill flash" because the light from the flash evens out the light and eliminates shadows.Fill flash is a good way to illuminate a backlit subject or a fill in the shadows to ensure that they don't create a distraction.

why is a 50mm lens best known as " normal"

because it approximates how we see the world.

What makes backlight such a different lighting situation to control?

because the light source is behind the subject (and the shadowed area is very dark in comparison to the area that is well lit) what often happens is that the subject becomes silhouetted and all detail is lost.

What is the term used to characterize the color of different types of light?

color temperature

What is the principal characteristic of artificial light?

comes from manmade sources, anything from incandescent light bulbs,to household bulbs,to street lights ,to flash. Natural and artificial light are extremely different. They convey different moods and are very different in color.

what is the term used to describe the fact that in digital photography, different sensor sizes effectively change the focal length of lenses?

crop factor

In general, what is the color of electronic flash? How does using on -camera flash effect the quality of light in a photograph?

dominates the look and feel of a picture. This is because the flash gives off a bright burst of light from the same angle as the camera resulting in harsh shadows Using inbuilt flash can be tempting because it allows you to work in dark conditions without increasing the ISO.

To what ends does Faizal Sheikh's believe he can best use photography?

drawn to the even hues and gentleness of soft light. He describes himself as "an artist who uses photographs to document people living in displaced and marginalized communities around the world .

What is the name of the feature on digital cameras that enables you to make adjustments for different types of light?

fill flash

what is the term used to describe the distortion that can often be caused by wide-angle lenses?

fish eye

What is the term used to describe the distance (in milimeters) between the center of the lens and a camera's sensor?

focal length

In general, what is the color of daylight?

generally quite blue, or cool, Daylight,in full sun, is cool, measured at 5000 degrees Kelvin. Daylight on an overcast day is even cooler (remember that the sun provides warmer light), about 6200 K. But, daylight in the early morning or late afternoon, when the sun is lower in the sky, is much warmer, about 1850K

What did Walker Evans mean when he distinguished between "documentary" and "documentary style"?

he felt it was more accurate. He went on to say, " a documentary photograph could be a police photograph of an accident, literally; but documentary style is what we are interested in.

What is the meaning of the term "social landscape"?

hese pictures sit somewhere between landscape and street photography. They are of the spaces which people use, and typically, but not always, include people in them. social landscape takes place in our cars, and Friedlander has made many pictures from behind the wheel. In one case, we see what is reflected in his side mirror, as well as what is in front of him. It makes for a hectic composition that suggests the overload of visual stimulation in modern cities and suburban area

What are the primary influences for Gregory Crewdson's photographs?

his pictures explore the relationship between the everyday and the fantastic, between the reality of daily American life and the imagination. inspired by science fiction, TV programs, such as The Twilight Zone or films like Close Encounters of the Third Kind that deal with fantasy and the paranormal. feeling that each image is a still from a movie,

how does focal length affect depth of field ?

horter focal lengths give a wide -angle effect which makes things seem further away. Longer focal lengths give a telephoto effect, which makes objects seem closer.

What are the primary qualities of soft light? What type of conditions result in soft light?

is much more even than hard light. It may still cast a shadow and often comes from one direction, like hard light. But the shadows are much softer, not nearly as hard or dramatic. In general, soft lighting will mean that there is detail throughout the image.

In general, what is the quality of incandescent light?

quite orange, or warm. warmer, about 2400K depending on the type of bulb. Candlelight is also very warm, about 1850K.Fluoresecent lights, which have a slightly green cast, are about 3000K. And electronic flash is very cool, about 6000K.

What does ISO mean

measures the sensitivity of the camera's sensor to light. As ISO increases the level of digital noise also increases

What is another name for a lens that allows you to get extremely close to a subject? How does using these lenses affect depth of field?

prime lenses larger maximum f - stop and smaller size and weight, but changing focal length will mean having a completely different lens which might take time to change. Some photographers who use prime lenses will often carry more than one camera body to avoid changing lenses while working.

Where does Uta Barth make all of her pictures?

she has made all of her photographs inside her house, an example of the fact that one can make pictures anywhere . The key is in looking closely at the things around us.

What type of lens did Philip Lorca diCorci a use to make his series titled, "Heads"?

telephoto lenses

What is the meaning of the word "bokeh"?

the visual quality of the out of focus areas of a picture.

What are the primary qualities of hard light? What type of conditions result in hard light?

typically comes from one direction. It might be bright sunshine or a spotlight. Because of its intensity, one of the most common traits of hard light is high contrast.

What is the most common characteristic of Rinko Kawauchi's work?

who like Uta Barth is drawn to simple subjects and light that is evocative and moody. Frequently this means making use of back light, however Kawauchi also tends to avoid silhouettes, preferring instead to have detail in the shadows. images have a sense of narrative , that is, they suggest a story of

why did some critics question the legitimacy of Garry Wingogrand's work and reputation?

you gave a monkey a camera and six thousand rolls of film, the law of averages would determine that some of them would be interesting his book ttiled The Animals —he didn't edit his own work.