Photography Midterm/Final

SLR is the abbreviation for:

Single lens reflex

What did artists use the early camera obscura (pinhole camera) for?

To make sketches.

When taking medium range photos, we should form a __________ including the photographer, fixed object, and evidence (subject).

Triangle

When shooting with 60th of a second shutter speed you need a _____ to minimize camera movement.

Tripod

A 50mm focal length lens is the normal lens on a 35mm SLR camera:

True

The smallest lens opening (f stop) is always used to improve depth of field.

True

When photographing an item of evidence, one should always fill the frame.

True

Stoke's Law is the theoretical basis for which of the following types of photography?

UV fluorescent photography.

What is #8?

View Finder

Which of the following is not one of the three types of photos taken at the crime scene?

Viewers perspective

The hot shoe is the part of the camera where the ______ is usually attached.

a. Flash

The Automatic Flash Mode can provide for...

a. Less light than the Manual flash mode

If a particular scene has highly reflective surfaces, which flash mode would best ensure the proper exposure without exposure compensation?

a. Manual exposure mode

What kinds of information go on the labeled scale?

all of the above

A guide number is assigned to what piece of photographic equipment?

b. Electronic flash

On a 35mm SLR the sync speed of the shutter is to be used with what additional piece of equipment?

b. Electronic flash

If standing 8' from an object, the position to reduce the Manual flash intensity exactly by ½ is at...

c. 12'

When the camera is turned to vertical, the flash head must be...

c. Also held vertical.

With an electronic flash that has a guide number of 240 with ISO400 film, and being 30' from a subject, what f-stop is needed to properly expose the subject with manual flash?

c. F/8

What category of crime scene photographs are never taken from a "natural perspective?"

close-up

What major change in imaging technology was used for mug shot photographs in the 1940's?

color photographs

To show depth in a photograph of a tire print or a foot print in soft material, it is best to use what type of lighting?

d. Oblique

Using a longer focal length than 50mm does what to the DOF?

decreases it

If set at f/11, what aperture halves the light entering the camera?

f/16

If set at f/11, what f-stop doubles the light into the camera?

f/8

Compared to a normal lens, how will a wide-angle lens make a distant object appear?

further away

The true color of objects can only be accurately captured on by what two light sources? (Select the two correct answers)

midday sun (10 AM- 3 PM) electric flash

A _________ photograph shows an item of evidence in its relationship to a fixed feature of the scene.

midrange

Changing from f/22 to f/11 does what to the light entering the camera?

quadruples

What is the required position for a scale in a close-up photo?

same plane as the evidence focused on

Changing from 1/500 to 1/125 does what to the light entering the camera? (+2, +1, 0, -1, -2)

+2

Changing from f/8 to f/11 does what to the light entering the camera? (+2, +1, 0, -1, -2)

-1

Changing shutter speeds from 1/60 to 1/125 does what to the light entering the camera? (+2, +1, 0, -1, -2)

-1

If set at 1/60 sec., what shutter speed halves the light into the camera?

1/125

If set at 1/125, what shutter speed doubles the light entering the camera?

1/60

Which shutter speed would generally result in the best DOF when hand-holding the camera?

1/60

What will result in the largest DOF?

1/60/ f/16/ focused on an object 15' away.

True macro, having the evidence appear life-size on the negative, is referred to as having this ratio:

1:1

What is the closest distance that a normal electronic flash can be to the subject?

2 feet

What shutter speed range is recommended to eliminate raindrops or snow when taking exterior photographs, since normal photography tends to accentuate them, making it difficult to see the evidence beyond them?

2 seconds

A complete "panorama" of photos around the body means at least (for the body as originally found, before rolling it over)...

6 photos

Depth of field is:

Amount of focus from foreground to background

All of the following are examples of lens aberrations except:

Barrel Distortion

If with existing light, the camera's meter recommends 1/60 at f/4, and you don't want to/ can't change to a higher ISO, what should you seriously consider doing to properly expose the photo with a good DOF?

Both A and B

What was the first commercially successful photographic process?

Daguerreotype.

With the same exposure settings, changing focus from an object 23' away to an object 8' away does what to the DOF?

Decreases it

How can a knowledge of the history of forensic photography help you to avoid a needless Frye Hearing?

Demonstrate that a technique is not new and novel.

What lens "problem" occurs with the use of the smallest aperture a lens has?

Diffraction

What does the manual flash calculator dial presume?

Direct light

Lenses WIDER THAN a 28mm wide-angle lens will always cause _______ in your photographs.

Distortion of vertical edges

When studying the history of forensic photography, what two general concepts should you look for to assist in evaluating future equipment needs?

Evolution of technology and market for technology.

If ISO 100, f/16,1/125, is a good exposure, what would be the best reciprocal exposure for a crime scene photo? (Presume hand-holding the camera) Hint: Maximize DOF

F/22, 1/60

A large f-stop number gives a large opening in the aperture.

False

Shutter speeds control depth of field.

False

Some lens flare in a photograph is helpful?

False

When taking midrange photographs, we should include a __________ in the photo to orient the subject?

Fixed object

What light source is close to midday daylight in color temperature?

Flash

Which of the following are not one of the four elements of the Proper Exposure Triangle?

Focus

In 1965, what invention revolutionized flash photography?

Fully automatic electronic flash.

The technique to maximize the Depth of Field, when infinity is composed in the background is:

Hyperfocal focusing

Which ISO is most sensitive to light?

ISO 800

Using a lens of one particular focal length, as the subject's distance from the camera increases, depth of field...

Increases

With any exposure setting, changing focus from an object 8' away to an object 20' away does what to the DOF?

Increases it

What technique is applied to superglue-fumed latent prints before they are photographed under a laser or alternate light source?

Laser dye-staining.

What is #1?

Lens glass

If ISO 400, 1/125, f/16 is a good exposure combination, how would changing to ISO 200, 1/60/ f/8 alter the same scene?

Less DOF with a +2 exposure.

A _________ photograph shows an item of evidence in its relationship to a fixed feature of the scene.

Mid Range

What is #2?

Mirror

Who is the first person to successfully take a photograph?

Niepce.

In the processing of which type of digital image is a knowledge of red, green, and blue color separation photographs useful.

Processing an RGB digital image.

Multiple shutter speed and aperture combinations result in the same exposure level is:

Reciprocal exposure

The light meters built in to most SLR's measure what type of light?

Reflected

Which of the following is not one of the four types of lenses?

SLR

What is #3?

Shutter