PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Ferredoxin; NADPH

NADP reductase accepts two electrons from two molecules of ______ and catalyzes the production of ______.

ATP; NADPH

Photophosphorylation produces ______________________, which stores chemical energy that can be used for the Calvin cycle. Carbon fixation also requires reducing power, which is provided by __________________ produced by photosystem I.

Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation

The ATP needed in the Calvin cycle comes from

Pyruvate

The C4 pathway has a cost to plants, because the conversion of _________________to PEP requires the expenditure of ATP.

C3 photosynthesis

The Calvin cycle is also known as __________________ because the first intermediate of the cycle contains three carbon atoms.

Z; light

The ______________ diagram describes the energy transition of electrons as they move through _______________.

ATP; NADPH

The electron transport chain directly associated with photosystem II is used to generate ______, while the electron transport chain directly associated with photosystem I is used to generate ______.

Lowers the benefit of photosynthesis.

The enzyme rubisco has more than one activity. Because of this, most plants also perform photorespiration, which consumes oxygen and liberates carbon dioxide.

light-dependent reactions

The first two stages of photosynthesis require light and are commonly known as the

thylakoid membrane.

The inner (internal) membrane of the chloroplast is also called the ________________________

Thousands

The production of one molecule of O2 during photosynthesis requires how many chlorophyll molecules?

Oxygen

The production of one molecule of ______________from water during photosynthesis requires several thousand chlorophyll molecules.

absorption spectrum

The range and efficiency of photons that a pigment molecule is capable of absorbing constitute its characteristic __________________

light

The role of the ________________-harvesting complex is to directly absorb photons of light.

NADP+ reductase

The synthesis of NADPH is catalyzed by which of the following?

The light-independent reactions

The third and final stage of photosynthesis is also known as which of the following?

chlorophylls and carotenoids.

The two most important classes of pigments in chloroplasts are ____________________________

False; The primary output of the Calvin Cycle is G3P. Two molecules of G3P can then be used to make glucose.

True or false: Glucose is the primary output of the Calvin cycle.

two molecules of G3P

Typically, it is considered that the net gain of the Calvin cycle is ____________________

The sun

What is ultimately the main source of energy for almost all living cells on Earth?

In the thylakoid membrane

Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast?

NADPH; ATP

Which of the following (choose all that apply) are necessary for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

Regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate Carbon fixation Reduction and carbohydrate production

Which of the following are phases of the Calvin cycle?

An antenna complex and reaction center

Which of the following are the two components of a photosystem?

C4 plants use C3 photosynthesis in different cells, while CAM plants use C3 photosynthesis at certain times.

Which of the following is a difference between C4 and CAM plants?

Oxidation potential is high enough that it can oxidize water

Which of the following statements about the oxidation potential of photosystem II is true?

Light has properties of both a particle and a wave.

Which of the following statements best describes the properties of light?

CAM plants

avoid water loss by closing their stomata during the day and opening them at night.

Once a photon is captured by the light harvesting complex, the pigments in it transfer;

the energy of excited electrons but not electrons themselves.

By a cytochrome/ b6-f complex

How are photosystem II and photosystem I in the chloroplast connected?

can only fix carbon using the Calvin cycle

A C3 plant

porphyrin; hydrocarbon

A chlorophyll molecule is made up of a ________________ ring and a ______________ tail

Absorption spectrum of the pigment

A graph depicting the efficiency of photon absorption by a pigment molecule as a function of photon wavelength is known as the

In the grana and in borders between the grana and the stroma lamellae

According to recent studies, where are PSII and the b6-f complexes located?

Increase in CO2 Increase in temperature

According to the diagram, which of the following accelerate photosynthesis when light intensity is high?

CH2O + H2O + 2A

According to the generalized equation for photosynthesis proposed by van Niel, CO2 + 2H2A + light energy yields which of the following?

h2o

Carbon fixation involves using the protons and electrons generated by the splitting of what molecule to convert CO2 into organic matter?

ATP is required to convert pyruvate to PEP

Compared to the C3 pathway, the C4 pathway has an additional cost to a plant, because

12

Consider the net equation that describes the Calvin cycle. How many NADPH are needed to synthesize the two net G3P molecules that can be used to make a glucose molecule?

chlorophyll a and b

Green plants utilize _______________ to absorb light energy in photosynthesis.

chlorophyll

In photosynthesis, _________________ molecules absorb violet blue and red light.

Electrons

In the reaction center which of the following excited subatomic particles are transferred to an acceptor?

H2A

In van Niel's generalized equation of photosynthesis, which of the following is the donor of electrons?