PHTLS 2

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his body surface area. 18% 27% 36% 45%

18%

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: systolic blood pressure exclusively. ability of the blood to effectively clot. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. white blood cells' ability to fight infection.

Ability of the blood to effectively clot

Which of the following is not considered a basic technique when controlling bleeding? A)Pack the wound with a hemostatic impregnated gauze. B)Apply a cervical collar and place the patient on a long backboard. C)Apply a tourniquet to an extremity above the level of the bleeding. D)Apply direct pressure over the wound with a dry, sterile dressing.

Apply cerrvical collar

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: A)venules. B)arterioles. C)vena cavae. D)capillary arteries.

Arterioles

An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the: body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C). systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min.

Bodys temperature is considerably less

The germinal layer of the epidermis contains pigment granules that are responsible for skin: color. texture. moisture. temperature.

Color

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how should you care for his wound? Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing. Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position. Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with occlusive dressing

Burns are classified according to: A)depth and extent. B)location and pain. C)degree and location. D)extent and location.

Depth and extent

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: epidermis. fatty layer. muscle fascial dermal layer.

Dermal layer

Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is correct? A)External bleeding might be minimal, but internal injuries can be extensive. B)The degree of internal injury can often be estimated by the external injury. C)It is important to distinguish between entrance and exit wounds in the field. D)The depth of a penetrating injury should be thoroughly assessed by the EMT.

External bleeding might be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the most difficult to control? Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg Jugular vein laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg Carotid artery laceration and a systolic blood pressure of 60 mm Hg Antecubital vein laceration and a blood pressure of 138/92 mm Hg

Femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body? A)An effectively pumping heart B)An intact system of blood vessels C)Adequate blood in the vasculature D)The filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Filtering of blood cells in the spleen

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately two days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be most suspicious that this patient is experiencing: A)an aortic aneurysm. B)acute appendicitis. C)gastrointestinal bleeding. D)intrathoracic hemorrhaging.

GI Bleed

Which of the following would be the least likely cause of an altered level of consciousness in a patient with a burn? Hypertension Hypoglycemia Hypoperfusion Head injury

Hypertension

In addition to external bleeding, the most significant risk that an open soft-tissue injury exposes a patient to is: infection. hypothermia. nerve damage. vessel damage.

Infection

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient? A)Superficial burn to 30% of the body surface area B)Full-thickness burn to 1% of the body surface area C)Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the body surface area D)Second-degree burn covering 10% of the body surface area

Partial thickensss burn to 20%

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. placing a rolled 4 × 4-inch dressing between his lower lip and gum. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops.

Pinching Pts nstrils

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? A)Local blood vessels begin to dilate. B)Red blood cells separate from plasma. C)Platelets collect at the injury site. D)Red blood cells become less sticky.

Platlets collect

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. His skin is cold and moist. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes: preparing for immediate transport. applying oxygen via nasal cannula. performing a focused physical exam. a detailed assessment of his abdomen

Preparing for immediate transport

Which of the following findings would be the most significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? The patient had a stroke five years prior. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xarelto). The patient has a history of hypertension

Pt takes rivaroxban

In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? A)A semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest B)An apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen C)A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back D)A conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye

Pulseless and apneic

A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unresponsive on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live. apply insulated gloves and assume manual control of his cervical spine. quickly but carefully move the patient away from the power line. manually stabilize his head as your partner assesses for breathing.

Rapidly assess the patient after ensuring that the power line is not live

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing.

Replace the avulsed flap to its orginal position and cover it with a sterile dressing

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should: A)administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B)ask the child's father to try to locate the dog. C)advise the child that he will need rabies shots. D)report the incident to the appropriate authorities.

Report the incident to the appropriate authorities

After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the: kidneys. spleen. pancreas. gallbladder.

Spleen

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: additional sterile dressings. a splint and elevate the extremity. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. digital pressure to a proximal artery.

TQ

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that: A)facilitates shedding of the epidermis. B)pulls the hair erect when you are cold. C)discharges sweat onto the skin's surface. D)waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.

Waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple

A hematoma develops when: A)small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis. B)large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged. C)severe swelling compromises arterial circulation. D)cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged.

large blood vessels beneath thhe skin are damaged

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? A)Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. B)Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously. C)Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. D)Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

might bleed spontaneously

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male? 5.25 L 6.0 L 6.25 L 6.50 L

not 5.25L