Phylum Cnidaria
gastric pouches
4 connect with the stomach in scyphozoans and a complex system of radial canals that branch to the ring canal, completing the GVC
cnidocil
A trigger-like object at the edge of a cnidocyte. It basically harpoons the prey..
rhopalium
A unit containing statocysts for balance, ocelli for light sensitivity, and simple eyes with lenses in certain jellyfish.
gastrovascular cavity
An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passageway to disperse materials throughout most of an animal's body.
siphonoglyph
Ciliated groove in pharynx, directs water into GV cavity, allowing for diffusion to begin.
extracellular digestion
Digestion that takes place outside of the cell.
ephyrae
It is a miniature medusa produced by asexual bedding of a scyphistoma, mature into sexual medusae
biradial symmetry
Portions of the body are specialized and only two planes of sectioning can divide the animal into perfectly similar halves
Class Staurozoa
Solitary polyps only. medusa absent. polyp surface extended into eight clusters of tentacles surrounding mouth; attachment via adhesive disc; all marine
Ceriantipatharia
Sub class Anthozoa. Thorny corals: Unpaired septa, hexamerous, deep sea, branched.
Zoantharia
Subclass Anthozoa. Sea anemones and hard corals. Hexamerous, paired septa, simple tentacles. Contains orders actinaria(lacks exoskeleton, solitary) and scleractinia(colonial, CaCo exoskeleton)
hydrostatic skeleton
Support structure that consists of water contained under pressure in a closed cavity.
hexamerous
Symmetry based on 6's as seen in subclass Zoantharia
acontia
Thread-like extentions of septa in GV cavity. Possess nematocysts. Protrudes through mouth and body wall. Helps in food capture and defense? Can have a mutual symbiosis.
glutathione
What triggers the harpoon of a stinging cell?
hypostome
a conical elevation where the mouth is, encircled by 6 to 8 hollow tentacles, can extend when animal is hungry
velum
a membrane on the subumbrellar surface of jellyfishes of class hydrozoa
pedal disc
a structure at the aboral end of a polyp used for attachment
hydrocorals
aka "pseudocorals" not corals at all; colonial hydrozoans (like portuguese man-o-war) that secrete CaCo3
budding
asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism
gonangia
bud on polyp that produces a medusa bud
cnidae
capsule-like organelles that are capable of everting (turning inside out) and that give phlyum Cnidaria its name
tissue
cnidaria level of organization
cnidoblast
cnidocyte
ctenes
comb plates
polyps
cylindrial forms that adhere to the substrate by the aboral end of the body
gastrodermis
endodermal, consists chiefly of large, ciliated columnar epithelial cells, include nutritive muscular, interstitial and gland cells
ectodermal
epidermis
ocelli
eyespots; simple organs that detect light; important for survival of symbiotic cnidarians
hydranths
feeding polyps-feed whole colony
pedalium
flattened, tough blade from which tentacles extend
epitheliomuscular cells
form most of the epidermis and serve both for contraction and for muscular contraction. Bases of these are myofibrils, which when contracted shorten the body or tentacles.
fission
form of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits into two, and each half grows new parts to become a complete organism
solenia
gastrodermal tubes through which polyps in colonies communicate
medusae
have a bell shaped or unbrella shaped body; the layer of mesoglea is very thick and constitutes most of their bulk
diploblastic
having 2 germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm.
mesoglea
in cnidarians, the jellylike material located between the ectoderm and the endoderm
Class Hydrozoa
includes animals which spend part of their lives in both the medusa and polyp form; hydra is the exception and spends its entire life as a polyp
Class Cubozoa
includes box jellies and sea wasps, the medusa is box shaped and has complex eyes, often have highly toxic cnidocytes
operculum
lid covering cnidae
nerve net
nervous responses in cnidarians are controlled by a diffuse web of interconnected nerve cells
Class Anthozoa
no alternation of generations the medusoid phase being entirely suppressed: sea anemones, corals
dactylozoids
polyps designed for colony defense
strobila
scyphistoma becomes this which begin to bud off young medusa
colloblasts
secrete a sticky substance that binds to their prey
neuromuscular system
sensory cell and nerve net combination
velarium
shelflike exension of the sumubrellar edge in cubazoans
statocysts
simple organs that detect gravity, enabling cnidarians to stay upright
octocorallian corals
soft corals, sea pansies,and sea fans and other gorgonian corals, strict octomerous symmetry
cnidocytes
stinging cells located along the tentacles of cnidarians; used for defense and to capture prey
nematocysts
stinging organelles
zoantharian corals
stony (true) corals, miniature sea anemones that live in calcareous cups they secreated
Octocorallia
subclass of Anthozoa comprising ~3,000 species of water-based organisms formed of colonial polyps with 8-fold symmetry. It includes the blue coral, soft corals, sea pens, and gorgonians; NOT STONY CORALS
planula
the free-swimming, ciliated larva of a cnidarian
manubrium
the portion projecting from the oral side of a jelly fish medusa bearing the mouth, oral cone, presternum or anterior part of sternum
polymorpism
the presence in a species of more than one structural type of individual
oral disc
the region of a cnidarian's body with the mouth and manubrium at its center, and a whorl of tentacles at its margin
Class Scyphozoa
they spend most if not all their lives as medusae
comb plates
usually possessed by ctenophora and are used for locomotion. (have eight pairs)
strobilation
when scyphozoen form medusae (polyps rip off)
scyphistoma
when the planula larva escapes from the parent and attaches to a substratum, it develops into tiny polyps called this