PHYS 103 Chpts 5-8

The discovery that there is water ice on the Moon has motivated many nations to launch Moon missions because it

could make a Moon base possible.

The dark side of the Moon, where the Sun never shines,

does not exist.

A model in which the Moon forms by breaking away from the Earth would predict that the Moon's orbit should be

in the plane of the Earth's equator.

According to our current model of how magnetic fields arise, the magnetic field of Earth's Moon is

understandable since the Moon rotates slowly and probably has no iron core.

Once a space probe has gotten far enough from the Earth, it can reach the inner planets by

using its rocket motor and the gravity of various planets to change its speed and direction.

At present (within the last few hundred years) the orbit of Mars around the Sun is

very elliptical so that.the intensity of sunlight varies by 40 percent.

A planet whose atmospheric pressure is exactly at the triple point of water and whose surface temperature has a range that includes the triple point will have

water as ice or vapor, depending on the temperature.

The angle between the rotation axis of a planet and the perpendicular to the plane of its orbit is called its "axial tilt." The axial tilt of Mercury is

0.01 degrees

A solar sail is a large sheet of light-reflecting plastic spread on an extremely low-mass framework and attached to a spacecraft. Sunlight exerts a force on the sail and moves the spacecraft. Suppose the spacecraft has a total mass of 100kg (including the sail) and sunlight exerts a total force of 2N on the sail. What will be the acceleration of the spacecraft?

0.02m/s²

The average radius of the Earth's orbit is

1.0 AU

What total force will cause an object with a mass of 1kg to gain 10 meters per second every second?

10 Newtons

The density of water is 1000kg/m³, the density of rock is about 3000kg/m³, and the density of iron is 7800kg/m³. Which of the following densities would indicate an object that consists mostly of substances much less dense than rock or iron?

1000kg/m³

Suppose that you lift an object by exerting an upward force of 22 Newtons on it. If gravity exerts a force of 10 Newtons downward on the object, what is the total force on the object?

12 Newtons

If the planets are numbered from 1 to 8, going outward from the Sun, the planet Neptune is number

8

Which of these Mars rovers has been operating on the surface of Mars for six years so far (as of 2018).

Curiosity

The International Space Station (ISS) is in a roughly circular orbit near the surface of the Earth, moving at around 5 miles per second. Suppose that it is desired to raise it to a new circular orbit, farther from the surface by having a rocket give it one or more short boosts. Which of the following schemes will work?

Increase its speed to 6 miles per second to put it on a rising path and give it another speed boost when its distance from the Earth stops increasing.

It is currently thought that moons typically form near

Jovian planets such as Jupiter and Saturn.

Which of these sequences places the inner planets in the correct order from the Sun, from the closest to the farthest?

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars (farthest)

Changes in the intensity of sunlight due to shifts in both the Earth's orbit and rotation axis cause

Milankovich cycles.

Which of these Mars rovers has been operating on the surface of Mars for fourteen years so far (as of 2018)?

Opportunity

Compare the magnitude of the acceleration of Earth's Moon to the acceleration of falling objects on the surface of the Earth.

The Moon's acceleration is smaller.

A horse is pulling a cart along a road. Which of the following pairs of forces is an action-reaction pair?

The force of horse on the road and the force of the road on the horse.

A lunar crater is best described as

a circular ring wall surrounding a flat area

The atmospheric pressure on the surface of Mars is

about 1% the surface pressure of Earth's atmosphere.

So far (as of 2008), the planet Venus has been visited by

about 20 successful space probes.

Since 1990, the major spacefaring nations, Europe, China, Russia, Japan, India, and the U.S., have begun to return to the Moon. As of 2009, of these six space programs,

all except Russia have sent probes or orbiters to the Moon.

Hydrated minerals on the Moon

are almost completely absent.

Suppose that you drop two objects from the same height at the same time. Both objects are heavy enough to be unaffected by air resistance. If one object is twice as heavy as the other, Galileo predicted that

both objects would hit the ground at the same time.

Apollo 11 made the first

crewed landing on the Moon.

The side of the Moon that faces away from the Earth

has only a few small lunar maria.

The current model for the way that planets acquire magnetic fields suggests that a rapidly rotating planet will

have a magnetic field if its core contains enough liquid electrical conductor.

The Moon's orbit around the Earth

is elliptical enough to give us an annular solar eclipse when the Moon is near its apogee.

The gravitational attraction of the Earth for other objects,

is smaller for objects farther from the Earth but never vanishes entirely.

An artificial satellite such as the International Space Station stays up because

it falls below a straight-line path in exactly the same way that the curved surface of the Earth does.

Mercury rotates so that, relative to the Sun

it rotates just once during two complete orbits around the Sun.

Compared to the rest of the Lunar surface, the Lunar Maria are

lower and younger.

The Surveyor series of spacecraft

made unmanned landings on the Moon in the 1960s

The atmospheric pressure at the surface of Venus is

many times the pressure at the surface of the Earth.

The observed magnetic field of Mercury is surprising because it was expected to have

no magnetic field at all because it rotates so slowly.

The phase diagram for water is presented on a graph with axes for temperature and

pressure

As viewed from the star Polaris, Venus

rotates clockwise and goes around the Sun counter-clockwise

A full cycle of day and night on Mars is called a `sol.' In terms of 24 hour Earth days, a Martian sol is

slightly longer than one Earth day.

Aristotle said that the amount of force on a moving earthly object determines its

speed

The Soviet Union had a secret program to put the first human on the Moon. This program

test launched their Moon Rocket several times, but it blew up each time.

The capture theory, in which the Moon forms as a separate object similar to Earth and is then captured by the Earth, would predict that

the Moon should have an iron core similar to Earth's.

The recoil or 'kick' of a gun that is firing a bullet is a force exerted on the gun by

the bullet.

According to Galileo, a thrown spear keeps moving after it has left the spear thrower's hand because

the force of friction with the air is not enough to stop the spear.

If you are told that an object that weighs 20 Newtons is raised a distance of 10 meters, you know that

the force of gravity on the object is 20 Newtons.

Suppose that an object with a mass of one kilogram and an object with a mass of two kilograms are both in free fall near the Earth's surface. As compared to the one kilogram object, the two kilogram object accelerates

the same because gravity pulls on it more strongly and it has more inertia.

Pathfinder was the first

to use airbags to land on Mars

A planet that is following Kepler's Laws, accelerates

toward the Sun.

The Van Allen belts are

where Earth's magnetic field traps charged particles from the Sun.

If an object is moving at constant speed in a straight line, its acceleration is

zero.