phys lab 2 exam

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If the room temperature was 20.1 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 0.7 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

-1.5

If the room temperature was 21.2 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 0.2 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

-5.6

If the room temperature was 23.5 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 0 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

-7.3

Which of the following is/are correct?

. During the ejection period, the left ventricular volume is decreasing

which of the following is/are true about clotting?

. a clot is made up of a fibrin network

Which of the following conditions would likely result in the least digestion of starches?

. water, saliva, 37C, pH 7

What is the molar concentration of a 0.2 % NaCl solution? calculate to the nearest hundredth (no units required)

0.03

What is the molar concentration of a 0.8 % NaCl solution? calculate to the nearest hundredth (no units required)

0.14

your subject is moving 6.9 liters of air per minute in and out of their lungs and the air that they expire is 17.35 percent oxygen. What is their approximate VO2 in L/min? (no units required, calculate to 2 decimal places)

0.25

What is the molar concentration of a 1.5 % NaCl solution? calculate to the nearest hundredth (no units required)

0.26

your subject is moving 9.1 liters of air per minute in and out of their lungs and the air that they expire is 17.778 percent oxygen. What is their approximate VO2 in L/min? (no units required, calculate to 2 decimal places)

0.29

What is this subject's todal volume? other info: predicted VC= 5.0 L RV = 0.9 L

0.4

What is this subject's TV? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

0.5

How many liters of air are being moved by this subject with each normal breath?

0.6

What is this subject's tidal volume?

0.6

What is the molar concentration of a 3.8 % NaCl solution? calculate to the nearest hundredth (no units required)

0.65

Your subject weighs 151 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 7.1 L/min, their RR is 17 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.38 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.27 L/min. What is their RER? (no units required, calculate to two decimal places)

0.71

Your subject weighs 172 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 5.3 L/min, their RR is 18 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.37 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.31 L/min. What is their RER? (no units required, calculate to two decimal places)

0.84

Your subject weighs 150 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 6 L/min, their RR is 13 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.39 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.34 L/min. What is their RER? (no units required, calculate to two decimal places)

0.87

The extracellular fluid is typically equivalent to approximately a ____% NaCl solution.

0.9

Your subject weighs 171 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 5 L/min, their RR is 20 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.32 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.3 L/min. What is their RER? (no units required, calculate to two decimal places)

0.94

Your subject weighs 179 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 6.6 L/min, their RR is 19 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.34 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.32 L/min. What is their RER? (no units required, calculate to two decimal places)

0.94

What is this subject's ERV? other info: predicted VC= 3.4 L RV = 1 L

What is the molar concentration of a 6 % NaCl solution? calculate to the nearest hundredth (no units required)

1.03

If your subject had an RR interval of 1.04, a stroke volume of 64, a blood pressure of 139 / 76 , and an ejection fraction of 61, what would be the best estimate their end diastolic volume in ml? You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

1.05

What is this subject's expiratory reserve volume? other info: predicted VC= 5.1 L RV = 1 L

1.4

How many liters of air can this subject inspire beyond normal tidal breathing? other info: predicted VC= 3.4 L RV = 1 L

1.5

Which of the following tubes would have the the least maltose after incubation?

1.5 ml starch, 1.5 ml H2O, incubated in 37 C water bath

Which of the following tubes would have the the most starch left after incubation?

1.5 ml starch, 1.5 ml H2O, incubated in 37 C water bath

Which of the following tubes would have the least starch left after incubation?

1.5 ml starch, 1.5 ml saliva, incubated in 37 C water bath

Which of the following tubes would have the most carbohydrate digestion?

1.5 ml starch, 1.5 ml saliva, incubated in 37 C water bath

Which of the following tubes would have the most maltose after incubation?

1.5 ml starch, 1.5 ml saliva, incubated in 37 C water bath

Which of the following tubes would have the weakest reaction with Lugol's solution?

1.5 ml starch, 1.5 ml saliva, incubated in 37 C water bath

What is this subject's expiratory reserve volume? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

1.9

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.87, a stroke volume of 86, a blood pressure of 133 / 72 , and an ejection fraction of 64, what would be the best estimate their atrial pressure in mmHg before the P wave? Assume this is a healthy subject. You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

If your subject had an RR interval of 1.05, a stroke volume of 66, a blood pressure of 127 / 85 , and an ejection fraction of 60, what would be the best estimate their atrial pressure in mmHg before the P wave? Assume this is a healthy subject. You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

If your subject had an RR interval of 1.05, a stroke volume of 86, a blood pressure of 137 / 87 , and an ejection fraction of 55, what would be the best estimate their atrial pressure in mmHg before the P wave? Assume this is a healthy subject. You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

If your subject had an RR interval of 1.12, a stroke volume of 80, a blood pressure of 136 / 87 , and an ejection fraction of 58, what would be the best estimate their atrial pressure in mmHg before the P wave? Assume this is a healthy subject. You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

your subject weighs 67.4 kg, is 60.2 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 43.5 percent. What is their approximate interstitial fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

10.7

If the room temperature was 20.8 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 2.2 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

10.9

If the room temperature was 20.1 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 3.1 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

18.3

What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 97 % Hct 45 % Hb 14 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 157 lbs

18.9

What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 96 % Hct 43 % Hb 13.6 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 169 lbs

18.9

if your muscle is 2.2 cm long and 0.9 cm wide, how many fibers are there across the diameter of this muscle? (no units required)

180

if your muscle is 3.7 cm long and 0.9 cm wide, how many fibers are there across the diameter of this muscle? (no units required)

180

your subject's total lung capacity is 5.6, their inspiratory reserve volume is 1.8, Their inspiratory capacity is 2.2, and their residual volume is 0.9. What is their expiratory reserve volume?

2.5

your subject weighs 64.8 kg, is 61.5 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 46.4 percent. What is their approximate plasma volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

2.6

your subject's VC is 4.9, their ERV is 1.7, Their FRC is 2.8, and their TV is 0.6. What is their IRV?

2.6

If the room temperature was 22.8 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 1.2 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

2.7

your subject weighs 64.5 kg, is 63.6 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 45.3 percent. What is their approximate plasma volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

2.7

your subject weighs 68.3 kg, is 58.7 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 47.3 percent. What is their approximate plasma volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

2.7

How many liters of air can this subject inspire beyond normal tidal breathing? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

2.8

How many liters of air can this subject move between maximal inspiration and maximal expiration? other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

2.8

What is the most amount of air this subject can exhale in a single breath? other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

2.8

What is this subject's IRV? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

2.8

What is this subject's vital capacity? other info: predicted VC= 3.4 L RV = 1 L

2.8

your subject's total lung capacity is 5.9, their inspiratory reserve volume is 1.5, Their inspiratory capacity is 2.1, and their residual volume is 1. What is their expiratory reserve volume?

2.8

If this subject's respiratory rate was 19 bpm, what would be this subject's VA? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 3.4 L RV = 1 L

2.85

your subject weighs 70.2 kg, is 61.7 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 39.1 percent. What is their approximate plasma volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

2.9

your subject's VC is 5, their ERV is 1.6, Their FRC is 2.7, and their TV is 0.5. What is their IRV?

2.9

If the room temperature was 19.5 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 3.4 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

20.7

What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 96 % Hct 43.1 % Hb 14.9 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 138 lbs

20.7

What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 97 % Hct 43.2 % Hb 16 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 164 lbs

21.6

In our length tension experiment if we had a new baseline tension of 8, a passive tension of 16.6 grams aand an active tension of 5.2 grams, what would be the total tension at this length? (no units required, calculate to the closest tenth).

21.8

What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 98 % Hct 45.5 % Hb 15.7 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 137 lbs

21.8

If the room temperature was 17.3 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 3.7 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

Possible hematocrit in an adult male with reduced erythropoiten secretion due to renal failure

23%

What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 96 % Hct 47.3 % Hb 16.7 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 168 lbs

23.2

What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 98 % Hct 46.8 % Hb 16.8 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 183 lbs

23.4

your subject weighs 63.9 kg, is 59.8 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 48.3 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

25.6

your subject weighs 67.7 kg, is 59.1 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 44.9 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

26.8

If the room temperature was 18.7 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 4.2 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

27.2

What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 96 % Hct 45 % Hb 12.4 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 144 lbs

27.6

Which of the following is closest to a healthy platelet count for a healthy adult male?

270,000/mm3

your subject weighs 71.9 kg, is 59 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 46 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

28.4

your subject weighs 66.9 kg, is 63.9 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 38 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

28.6

your subject weighs 73 kg, is 59.2 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 44.3 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 98 % Hct 45.9 % Hb 13.6 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 167 lbs

29.6

In which of the following tubes would we expect to observe the most protein digestion?

2ml pepsinogen, 2ml HCl, egg white

What is this subject's functional residual capacity? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

3.1

your subject weighs 79.4 kg, is 58.7 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 40 percent. What is their approximate plasma volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

3.1

your subject's TLC is 5.9, their ERV is 1.5, Their FRC is 2.8, and their TV is 0.6. What is their IC?

3.1

your subject's TLC is 5.9, their ERV is 1.7, Their FRC is 2.8, and their TV is 0.4. What is their IC?

3.1

What is this subject's FEV1? other info: predicted VC= 5.1 L RV = 1 L

3.2

your subject's TLC is 5.9, their ERV is 1.8, Their FRC is 2.7, and their TV is 0.8. What is their IC?

3.2

your subject's total lung capacity is 6.1, their inspiratory reserve volume is 1.8, Their inspiratory capacity is 2.1, and their residual volume is 0.8. What is their expiratory reserve volume?

3.2

What is this subject's inspiratory capacity? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

3.3

your subject's TLC is 6, their ERV is 1.7, Their FRC is 2.6, and their TV is 0.6. What is their IC?

3.4

What is this subject's functional residual capacity? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

3.5

What is this subject's IRV? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

3.6

how much air can this subject inspire beyond normal tidal breathing? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

3.6

your subject's TLC is 5.8, their IRV is 1.7, Their IC is 2.2, and their RV id 0.8. What is their FRC?

3.6

your subject's TLC is 6.1, their ERV is 1.6, Their FRC is 2.5, and their TV is 0.3. What is their IC?

3.6

How many liters of air would be in this subject's lungs if they breathed in to the point of maximal inspiration? other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

3.7

What is this subject's total lung capacity? other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

3.7

If this subject's respiratory rate was 15 br/min, what would be their alveolar ventilation? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 5.0 L RV = 0.9 L

3.75

How much air can this subject expire forcefully in one second? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

3.8

What is this subject's FEV1.0? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

3.8

What is this subject's TLC? other info: predicted VC= 3.4 L RV = 1 L

3.8

What is this subject's vital capacity? other info: predicted VC= 5.1 L RV = 1 L

3.8

If this subject's respiratory rate was 11 br/min, how many liters per minute would be getting to the alveoli? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 5.3 L RV = 1 L

3.85

your subject's TLC is 6.3, their IRV is 1.6, Their IC is 2.4, and their RV id 0.9. What is their FRC?

3.9

What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 98 % Hct 40.8 % Hb 12.6 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 186 lbs

30.9

your subject weighs 78.8 kg, is 59.5 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 40.8 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

31.4

your subject weighs 79.6 kg, is 58.9 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 45.1 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

31.4

What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 96 % Hct 45.5 % Hb 14.6 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 158 lbs

32.1

your subject weighs 75.1 kg, is 63.7 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 41.3 percent. What is their intracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

32.1

MCHC in a adult male

32.5g/dl

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.84, a stroke volume of 63, a blood pressure of 136 / 75 , an ejection fraction of 58, and the duration of their ventricular systole waas 0.28, what percent of their cardiac cycle is spent in ventricular systole? You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

In humans, the ECF (extracellular fluid) is approximatley what percent of our body fluids

33%

What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 98 % Hct 41.5 % Hb 13.9 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 173 lbs

33.5

What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 96 % Hct 44.6 % Hb 15.1 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 168 lbs

33.9

In our length tension experiment if we had a new baseline tension of 6, a passive tension of 14.3 grams aand an active tension of 25 grams, what would be the total tension at this length? (no units required, calculate to the closest tenth).

39.3

your subject weighs 65.7 kg, is 60.5 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 38.1 percent. How many total liters of water do they have in their body? (use L, not ml, no units required)

39.8

Your subject weighs 172 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 9.1 L/min, their RR is 19 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.31 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.38 L/min. What is their relative VO2 in ml/kg.min? (no units required, calculate to one decimal place)

4.0

What is this subject's forced expiratory volume in 1 second? other info: predicted VC= 5.0 L RV = 0.9 L

4.2

What is this subject's inspiratory capacity? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

4.2

Your subject weighs 158 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 4.9 L/min, their RR is 15 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.3 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.31 L/min. What is their relative VO2 in ml/kg.min? (no units required, calculate to one decimal place)

4.2

If the room temperature was 23.1 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 1.4 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

4.3

If the room temperature was 24.1 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 1.4 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

4.4

Which of the following is closest to a healthy red blood cell count for a healthy adult female?

4.4 million/mm3

Your subject weighs 170 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 7.6 L/min, their RR is 19 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.35 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.36 L/min. What is their relative VO2 in ml/kg.min? (no units required, calculate to one decimal place)

4.5

your subject weighs 66.8 kg, is 62.2 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 42 percent. What is their approximate blood volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

4.7

your subject weighs 67.8 kg, is 61.8 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 41.2 percent. What is their approximate blood volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

4.7

your subject's FRC is 3.6 L, their IRV is 1.5 L, their TV is 0.6 L, and their RV is 1 L. What is their vital capacity

4.7

your subject's FRC is 3.6 L, their IRV is 1.7 L, their TV is 0.4 L, and their RV is 1 L. What is their vital capacity

4.7

In our length tension experiment if we had an intial tension of 2.7 grams and then stretched the muscle by 3 mm and recorded a new baseline tension of 7.6 grams and an active tension of 12.9 grams, what would be the passive tension by stretching the muscle this distance? (no units required, calculate to the closest tenth).

4.9

your subject weighs 74.7 kg, is 60 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 39.8 percent. What is their approximate blood volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

4.9

your subject's FRC is 2.8 L, their IRV is 2.1 L, their TV is 0.8 L, and their RV is 0.8 L. What is their vital capacity

4.9

Which of the following is closest to the average hematocrit for a healthy adult female?

40.5%

your subject weighs 64.1 kg, is 64.2 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 43.4 percent. How many total liters of water do they have in their body? (use L, not ml, no units required)

41.2

your subject weighs 69 kg, is 60.4 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 44.4 percent. How many total liters of water do they have in their body? (use L, not ml, no units required)

41.7

In our length tension experiment if we had a new baseline tension of 4, a passive tension of 37.5 grams aand an active tension of 7.1 grams, what would be the total tension at this length? (no units required, calculate to the closest tenth).

44.6

your subject weighs 80.5 kg, is 58.2 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 38.9 percent. How many total liters of water do they have in their body? (use L, not ml, no units required)

46.9

your subject weighs 72.7 kg, is 64.6 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 45.1 percent. How many total liters of water do they have in their body? (use L, not ml, no units required)

If this subject's respiratory rate was 20 br/min, what would be their alveolar ventilation? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 5.0 L RV = 0.9 L

What is the most amount of air this subject can exhale in a single breath? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

5.2

What is this subject's FVC? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

5.2

What is this subject's vital capacity? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

5.2

your subject weighs 64.5 kg, is 64.4 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 48.6 percent. What is their approximate blood volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

5.3

What is this subject's VC? other info: predicted VC= 5.3 L RV = 1 L

5.6

Your subject weighs 150 lb, and in the lab you determine that their VE is 8.3 L/min, their RR is 10 br/min, their absolute VO2 is 0.38 L/min, and thier VCO2 is 0.35 L/min. What is their relative VO2 in ml/kg.min? (no units required, calculate to one decimal place)

5.6

Which of the following is closest to a healthy red blood cell count for a healthy adult male?

5.6 million/mm3

What is this subject's total lung capacity? other info: predicted VC= 5.0 L RV = 0.9 L

5.7

your subject weighs 80.8 kg, is 61 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 44.2 percent. What is their approximate blood volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

5.8

What is this subject's FEV1? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

5.9

Your subject has a tidal volume of 0.37 L/breath and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min and a dead space of 0.15L, what is their pulmonary ventilation? (no units required, round to 1 decimal place)

5.9

how many liters of air can this subject expire in 1 second? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

5.9

If this subject's respiratory rate was 17 br/min, what would be their VA? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 5.3 L RV = 1 L

5.95

your subject weighs 88.3 kg, is 64.9 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 41.1 percent. How many total liters of water do they have in their body? (use L, not ml, no units required)

57.3

In our length tension experiment if we had a new baseline tension of 8, a passive tension of 21 grams aand an active tension of 37.8 grams, what would be the total tension at this length? (no units required, calculate to the closest tenth).

58.8

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.86, a stroke volume of 86, a blood pressure of 135 / 82 , and an ejection fraction of 53, what would be the best estimate their venous return in liters per minute? Assume the subject is completely healthy. Calculate to the nearest tenth. No units required

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles have started filling. Note: some events have been skipped.

P wave 1st active filling of ventricles 2nd ventricles depolarize 3rd ventricular pressure begins to increase 4th period of isovolumetric ventricular contraction 5th

When we do blood typing and we mix an anitbody with cells and see the cells clump together due to antigen-antibody interactions, this is called __________________________________.

agglutination

Which of the following is NOT normally found in saliva?

all

If your subject consumed a small quantity of a very concentrated NaCl solution, which of the following is/are true?

all of these answers

Pancreatic insufficiency is a condition characterized by deficient exocrine secreations from the pancreas. Which of the following would you expect in a patient with this condition?

all of these answers

Changing from supine to standing causes a specific sequence of cardiovascular events. This question is related to the mechanisms causing the initial change in blood pressure. Please put the following events in order

blood pools in lower extremities first venous return decreases second end diastolic volume decreases third stroke volume decreases fourth cardiac output decreases fifth blood pressure decreases sixth

Several diseases, drugs, toxins and venoms influence neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, for example, ________________ prevents release of acetylcholine from the terminal bouton.

botulinum toxin

Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. For example we applied acetylchoine to the heart in lab this week and in the muscle lab acetylcholine would have been released when we stimulated the sciatic nerve to cause skeletal muscle contraction. Which of the following findings is/are NOT true about similarities and/or differences in acetylcholine's roles and effects in cardiac and skeletal muscle? select the single best answer

c. in cardiac muscle acetylcholine causces the muscle to contract

Which of the following is/are digestive hormone(s) that promote gall bladder contraction?

cholecystokinin

Which of the following is/are enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins in the small intestines?

chymotrypsin trypsin carboxypeptidase

which of the following best describes how one would perform a Valsalva maneuver?

contract expiratory muscles, but don't allow air out of lungs (closed glottis)

Several diseases, drugs, toxins and venoms influence neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, for example, ________________ binds with nicotinic receptors and thus prevents acetylcholine binding

curare

The parasympathetic nervous system can alter blood pressure by which of the following mechanisms?

decrease HR

When the parasympathetic nervous system is acting on the SA Node it would result in which of the following changes to intracellular signals (2nd messengers)?

decrease cAMP

If we had our subject consume a solution rich in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-), Which of the following is/are related to how the body would work to maintain pH of the ECF?

decrease ventilation decrease H+ secretion decrease HCO3- reabsorption exhale less CO2 increase urine pH

If we had our subject consume a solution rich in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3-), Which of the following is/are NOT related to how the body would work to maintain pH of the ECF?

decrease ventilation decrease H+ secretion increase urine pH decrease HCO3- reabsorption exhale less CO2

If vasopressin secretion increased in our body, we would expect urine volume to ______ and urine specific gravity to ________.

decrease, increase

Which of the following does NOT increase VR?

dehydration

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles depolarize. Note: some events have been skipped.

end of the period of isovolumetric ventricular contraction 1st a stroke volume of blood is ejected 2nd ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure 3rd a small rise in aortic pressure as the aorta & arteries experience an elastic recoil 4th end of the period of isovolumetric ventricular relaxation 5th

Which of the following would tend to increase TPR?

epinephrine vasopressin angiotensin II

Which of the following events occur when the pressure in the atria is higher than the pressure in the ventricles?

filling of the ventricles

Several drugs, diseases, and toxins can cause probems by influencing the events at the neuromuscular junction. If a subject were injected with curare, they would likely experience _____________________

flacid paralysis

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive), but is a little different for those who have hypertension (or those destined to develop hypertension). What is simmilar/different about the cold pressure test between normotensive subjects and those with hypertension?

four of these answers

Which of the following is/are true about sympathetic nervous system effects on the cardiovascular system?

four of these answers

Which of the following is/are absorbable in the small intestine?

free fatty acids galactose fructose amino acids glucose monoglycerides

If we wanted to cause tetanus in our forearrm stimulation experiemnt, we would have increased the -------- setting on the stimulator.

frequency

In lab we measured several periods of the cardiac cycle. To measure atrial diastole we would measure from where to where? (select one from answer and one to answer)

from S1 to the beginning of the P wave

In lab we measured several periods of the cardiac cycle. To measurethe period of isovolumetric ventricular contraction we would measure from where to where? (select one from answer and one to answer)

from S1 to the beginning of the increase in aortic flow

In lab we measured several periods of the cardiac cycle. To best estimatee the ventricular filling period (like we did in lab) we would measure from where to where? (select one from answer and one to answer) NOTE: in lab this time period included both the ventricular filling period and the period of isovolumetric ventricular relaxation because we usually do not have a marker of where IVR ends.

from S2 To S1

In lab we measured several periods of the cardiac cycle. To measure ventricular diastole we would measure from where to where? (select one fromanswer and one to answer)

from S2 to the peak of the QRS complex

In lab we measured several periods of the cardiac cycle. To measure ventricular ejection period we would measure from where to where? (select one from answer and one to answer)

from the beginning of the increase in aortic flow to S2

In lab we measured several periods of the cardiac cycle. To measure atrial systole we would measure from where to where? (select one from answer and one to answer)

from the beginning of the p wave to S1

In lab we measured several periods of the cardiac cycle. To measure ventricular systole we would measure from where to where? (select one fromanswer and one to answer)

from the peak of the QRS complex to S2

Which of the following is a digestive hormone secreted by the stomach when peptides are detected?

gastrin

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that promotes motility of the stomach?

gastrin

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that promotes secretion of HCl and pepsinogen by the stomach?

gastrin

Which of the following monosaccharides would be found in a molecule of sucrose?

glucose fructose

Patients with an obstructive pulmonary disease would generally

have a lower FEV1/VC ratio

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following would tend to cause vasodilation?

histamine

Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Which of the following findings is/are NOT true about similarities and/or differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? select the single best answer

in cardiac muscle, applying frog ringer's with extra calcium (CaCl2) shouldn't effect the strength of contraction becuase in cardiac muscle, nearly all of the calcium for muscle contraction comes from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is/are NOT true about the bicarbonate buffering system?

in the systemic tissues, where pCO2 is higher, the reaction favors the production of CO2 and H2O

When the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the ventricles it would result in which of the following ionic/permeability changes?

increase Ca2+ influx

One of our experiments involved having the subject consume a salty sack and little/no fluids and observing changes in urine volume and urine concentration. Put together a sequence of events that likely explains these changes in urine volume and concentration after consuming a salty sack and little/no fluids.

increase NaCl concentration of ECF first decreased renin secretion second decreased aldosterone secretion third decreased NaCl reabsorption by the kidneys fourth increased concentration of solutes in the urine fifth

When the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the ventricles it would result in which of the following changes to intracellular signals (2nd messengers)?

increase cAMP

Why did the antibody stop studying?

it was Anti-A

why the immune response inducing molcule didn't like the actress, Ms. Lawrence, in the hunger games?

it was an antiJen

Does this subject have any evidence of an restrictive pulmonary disease (RPD)? What evidence supports the diagnosis, or lack of diagnosis of an RPD? select yes or no and then select one more answer (select two answers) other information: predicted VC = 5 L RV = 1 L

no Their VC/predicted VC ratio is over 80%

no Their VC/predicted VC ratio is over 80% Their VC/predicted VC ratio is under 80%

If your subject was exercising at a moderate intensity (HR 120bpm), which of the following would we expect to observe if we injected them with atropine?

no change in heart rate

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following receptors are involved the intial cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test?

nociceptors

Which of the following antibodies would be found in blood type AB+

none of these

The neurotransmitter released by sympatheteic postganglionic nerve fibers at the SA Node is _______________

norephrinprine

The neurotransmitter released by sympatheteic postganglionic nerve fibers at the SA Node is ___________________.

norepinephrine

The neurotransmitter released by sympatheteic postganglionic nerve fibers at the ventricles is ___________________.

norepinephrine

The sympathetic nervous system's effects on the heart are acheived through secretion of the neurotransmitter _____________________ from sympathetic nerve varicosities.

norepinephrine

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following would NOT be parts of the reflex arc for the baroreflex that helps us to maintain pressure after standing up?

one of our effector organs, our veins, would vasodilate

Which of the following may have bilirubin in their urine?

only two of these answers

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles depolarize. Note: some events have been skipped and in some cases the question involves events from the end of one cardiac cycle and the beginning of the next cardiac cycle

opening of semilunar valves 1st Ventricular pressure begins to fall 2nd small rise in aortic pressure due to elastic recoil of aorta and arteries 3rd S3 (if observed) 4th SA Node depolarizes 5th

rank the following tubes in order of largest decrease in pH to smallest decrease in pH:

pancreatin, bile salts, cream biggest pancreatin, cream second biggest water, bile salts, cream third biggest

Which of the following is/are enzymes secreted by the stomach that catalyze the breakdown of proteins?

pepsin

Match the variable with the most appropriate numerical value or value range

platelet count 150,000-400,000/mm3 basophils ~0.5% of leukocytes leukocyte count 5,000-1,0000/mm3 lymphocytes ~25-30% of leukocytes neutrophils ~65% of leukocytes red blood cell count for females. 4-5.5 million/mm3

Amylase would catalyze the breakdown of which of the following?

polysaccharides starches

Pepsin and Trypsin would promote the breakdown of which of the following?

proteins medium sized peptides

Aging results in a reduced responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation of the heart. Which of the following aging-related changes in heart rate could be related to this?

reduced heart rate maximum (during exericse)

Regarding carbohydrate digestion, put the following tubes in order of most positive Benedict's test to least positive Benedict's test:

saliva, HCL, starch, 37degree water bath second most saliva, starch, 37degree water bath most water, starch, 37degree water bath least

Regarding carbohydrate digestion, put the following tubes in order of most digestion to least digestion

saliva, starch, ice bath second most saliva, starch, 37degree water bath most water, starch, 37degree water bath least

Normal physiological doses of which of the followng digestive hormone(s) inhibit gastric motility?

secretin and cholcystokinin

In subjects with healthy blood pressures, there are two phases to the blood pressure response to the cold pressor test, What causes the initial change in blood pressure. Please put the following events in order:

signals are sent to the medulla oblongatta first increase in sympathetic nervous system activity second widespread vasoconstriction third increase in total peripheral resistance fourth increase in blood pressure fifth

Many patients with pulmonary diseases have elevated circulating CO2. One way to simulate this is by rebreathing. When rebreathing, what causes the initial change in blood pressure. Please put the following events in order:

During the diving reflex, what causes the changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Please put the following events in order:

signals are sent to the medulla oblongatta second increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity third decrease in heart rate fourth decrease in the heart's oxygen demand fifth decrease in blood pressure not a part of this response facial cooling and apnea first

Several drugs, diseases, and toxins can cause probems by influencing the events at the neuromuscular junction. If a subject were injected with organophosphates, they would likely experience _____________________

spastic paralysis

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following mechanisms best explains what happens during the initial cardiovascular response to standing up?

stand up → gravity pulls blood to lower extremities → ↓ VR → ↓EDV → ↓SV→ ↓Q→ ↓MAP

Amylase would catalyze the breakdown of which of the following?

starches polysaccarides

Which of the following enzymes catalyze the breakdown of substrates into absorbable monosacharides?

sucrase maltase lactase

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following would be the most important cause of the intial changes in TPR during the cold pressor test?

sympathetic nervous system-mediated vasoconstriciton of arterioles throughout much of the systemic circulation

If you were to collect some saliva and then drop in a little dilute acetic acid or vinegar) and you were to observe a precipitate, what would the presence of this precipitate indicate?

that the saliva sample contained mucin

Which of the following is/are true about the period of isovolumetric ventricular contraction?

the AV valves are closed it begins when the first heart sound occurs the volume of blood in the ventricle is constant the pressure in the ventricle is increasing the semilunar valves are closed the volume of blood in the ventricle is constant the pressure in the ventricle is increasing

Which of the follwing is a benefit of the change in HR during the diving reflex (such as in our face immersion experiment)?

the decrease in heart rate reduces oxygen use by the heart, which preserves our limited oxygen stores during immersion

Which of the follwing is a benefit of the change in MAP during the diving reflex (such as in our face immersion experiment)?

the increase in MAP is due to widespread vasoconstriction, which reduces oxygen use by much of the body, and preserves it for tissues that need it the most

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise with a large muscle mass, like cycing or running, is usually associted with a certain changes in pulse pressure and SBP in young, healthy, subjects. Which of the following is most likely related to these changes during this type of exercise?

the increase in stroke volume during this type of exercise

Glucose is a valuable nutrient that is transported in our circulation. Which of the following is/are true about the kidneys and glucose?

the main reason why glucose is not normally found in the urine of healthy subjects is that they have enough glucose transporters to reabsorb all of the glucose that gets filtered.

Which of the following are NOT true about our skeletal muscle experiment with calcium cholride and caffeine?

the results of this experiment suggest that the calicum that causes skeletal muscle contraction comes mostly from extracellular sources

Which of the following is/are true about the period of ventricular filling?

the semilunar valves are closed the AV valves are open the pressure in the atria is higher than the pressure in the ventricle the volume of blood in the ventricle is increasing if observed, the third heart sound occurs the pressure in the aorta is decreasing

Which of the following is/are true about the ventricular ejection period?

the volume of blood in the ventricle is decreasing the pressure in the aorta initially increases the AV valves are closed the semilunar valves are open The T wave would start somewhere during this period

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles have started filling. Note: some events have been skipped.

ventricles begin to contract 1st start of the period of isovolumetric ventricular contraction 2nd opening of semilunar valves 3rd ventricular ejection period 4th ventricles finish repolarizing 5th

Put the following events of ventricular systole in order (Note: not some events are not presented here)

ventricular muscle cells depolarize. 1st calcium enters cardiac muscle cell cytoplasm through dihydropyridine receptors. 2nd calcium enters cardiac muscle cell cytoplasm through ryanodine receptors 3rd pressure in ventricles becomes higher than pressure in the atria 4th first heart sound occurs. fifth pressure in ventricles becomes higher than pressure in aorta sixth

your subject's VC is 4.9, their ERV is 1.8, Their FRC is 2.4, and their TV is 0.6. What is their IRV?

2.5

Which of the following is closest to a healthy white blood cell count for a healthy adult male?

7,000/mm3

Which of the following blood types can type AB+ receive blood from?

O+ AB+ A- AB- B+ B- A+ O-

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.98 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.4 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 52 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 58 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 51 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume? (no units required)

104.5

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.83 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 4.8 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 45 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 74 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 36 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's end diastolic volume in ml? (don't need units)

111.4

If your subject had an RR interval of 1.11, a stroke volume of 61, a blood pressure of 120 / 81 , and an ejection fraction of 54, what would be the best estimate their end diastolic volume in ml? You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

113

In our length tension experiment if we had an intial tension of 1.3 grams and then stretched the muscle by 4 mm and recorded a new baseline tension of 14 grams and an active tension of 6.3 grams, what would be the passive tension by stretching the muscle this distance? (no units required, calculate to the closest tenth).

12.7

your subject weighs 65.9 kg, is 58.7 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 43.8 percent. What is thei extracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

12.8

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.24 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.9 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 46 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 79 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 44 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume in ml? (don't need units)

122

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.79, a stroke volume of 66, a blood pressure of 121 / 63 , and an ejection fraction of 58, what would be the best estimate their peak aortic pressure in mmHg the ejection period? No units required

123

if your muscle is 2.7 cm long and 0.6 cm wide, how many sarcomeres are there in series down the length of this muscle? (no units required)

13,500

your subject weighs 71.7 kg, is 58 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 48.6 percent. What is thei extracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

13.7

your subject weighs 80.7 kg, is 64.9 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 48.8 percent. What is their approximate interstitial fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

13.8

What is this subject's forced expiratory volume in one second? other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

2.2

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.94, a stroke volume of 76, a blood pressure of 129 / 91 , and an ejection fraction of 62, what would be the best estimate their peak aortic pressure in mmHg the ejection period? No units required

131

What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 97 % Hct 39.8 % Hb 10.6 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 171 lbs

14.3

your subject weighs 94.2 kg, is 58.5 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 39.1 percent. What is their approximate interstitial fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

14.6

Which of the following is closest to the average hemoglobin concentration for a healthy adult male?

14.9g/dl

if your muscle is 2 cm long and 0.7 cm wide, how many fibers are there across the diameter of this muscle? (no units required)

140

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.04 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.2 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 51 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 83 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 47 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's end diastolic volume in ml? (don't need units)

141.1

What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 98 % Hct 42.8 % Hb 13 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 175 lbs

18.1

What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 98 % Hct 41.2 % Hb 11 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 173 lbs

15.0

your subject weighs 94.3 kg, is 60.8 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 43.1 percent. What is their approximate interstitial fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

15.1

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.81, a stroke volume of 72, a blood pressure of 105 / 71 , and an ejection fraction of 64, what would be the their TPR in mmHg/L/min? Calculate to the nearest tenth. No units required

15.4

What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 97 % Hct 41.9 % Hb 11.5 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 140 lbs

15.5

Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.01 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.8 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 60 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 81 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 33 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's end diastolic volume in ml? (don't need units)

157.6

What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 95 % Hct 40.4 % Hb 12.4 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 159 lbs

16.4

your subject weighs 84.9 kg, is 58.9 percent water, and has a hematocrit of 39.2 percent. What is thei extracellular fluid volume? (use L, not ml, no units required)

16.5

If the room temperature was 18.9 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 2.9 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

16.6

if your muscle is 2.5 cm long and 0.8 cm wide, how many fibers are there across the diameter of this muscle? (no units required)

160

if your muscle is 3.4 cm long and 0.6 cm wide, how many sarcomeres are there in series down the length of this muscle? (no units required)

17,000

What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 97 % Hct 46.2 % Hb 13 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 148 lbs

17.5

What is this subject's FEV1? other info: predicted VC= 3.4 L RV = 1 L

2.4

What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) Variable Value SaO2% 97 % Hct 43.7 % Hb 13.7 g/dL RBC count 4.6 million/mm3 WBC count 8,200/mm3 Platelet count 282,000/mm3 body mass 158 lbs

19.0

If the room temperature was 21.2 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 3.2 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

19.2

One of our experiments involved having the subject consume a large quantity of plain water and observing changes in urine volume and urine concentration. Put together a sequence of events that likely explains these changes in urine volume and concentration after consuming plain water.

1st decrease NaCl concentration of ECF 2nd increased renin secretion 3rd increased aldosterone secretion 4th increased NaCl reabsorption by the kidneys 5th decreased concentration of solutes in the urine

1st decrease body fluid osmolarity 2nd decrease secretion of vasopressin 3rd less water reabsorption in kidneys 4th increased water in urine 5th increased urine volume and decreased urine concentration

1st increased body fluid osmolarity 2nd increased secretion of vasopressin 3rd more water reabsorption in kidneys 4th decreased water in urine 5th decreased urine volume and increased urine concentration

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. After the opening of the semilunar valves, what would be 5 of the next events in the cardiac cycle? (not all answers will be used)

1st ventricles begin to eject blood 2nd ventricles begin to repolarize 3rd ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure 4th the semilunar valves close 5th the AV valves open

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order:

1st ventricles begin to eject blood 2nd ventricles begin to repolarize 3rd ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure 4th the semilunar valves close 5th the AV valves open

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. After the electrical impulse spreads through bundle branches and Purkinje fibers, what wouldd be 5 of the next events in the cardiac cycle? (not all answers will be used)

1st ventricular muscle cells depolarize 2nd pressure in the ventricles begins to increase third. the AV valves close 4th pressure in the ventricles exceeds aortic pressure 5th ventricles begin to eject blood

In which of the following tubes would we expect to observe the least protein digestion?

2 ml pepsinogen, NaOH, egg white

What is this subject's ERV? other info: predicted VC= 5.3 L RV = 1 L

2.1

How many liters of air can this subject expel in the first second of their forced vital capacity maneuver? other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

2.2

Your subject's cardiac output is 5.6 L/min , their heart rate is 52 bpm, and their blood pressure is 131/67. What is their rate pressure product? (no units required)

6,812

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.92, a stroke volume of 93, a blood pressure of 131 / 89 , and an ejection fraction of 62, what would be the best estimate their cardiac output in liters? Calculate to the nearest tenth. No units required

6.1

your subject's VC is 5.6, their ERV is 1.9, Their FRC is 2.4, and their TV is 0.4. What is their total lung capacity?

6.1

your subject's VC is 5.2, their ERV is 1.6, Their FRC is 2.6, and their TV is 0.6. What is their total lung capacity?

6.2

If this subject's respiratory rate was 14 breaths per minute, what would be their alveolar ventilation? (use L not ml)

6.3

Your subject has a tidal volume of 0.5 L/breath and a respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min, what is their alveolar ventilation? (no units required, round to 1 decimal place)

6.3

your subject's VC is 5.3, their ERV is 1.7, Their FRC is 2.7, and their TV is 0.8. What is their total lung capacity?

6.3

Your subject has a tidal volume of 0.64 L/breath and a respiratory rate of 13 breaths/min, what is their alveolar ventilation? (no units required, round to 1 decimal place)

6.4

If this subject's respiratory rate was 13 br/min, what would be their pulmonary ventilation? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 5.3 L RV = 1 L

6.5

What is this subject's vital capacity? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

6.6

what is the most amount of air this subject could breathe out in a single breath? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

6.6

Your subject has a tidal volume of 0.67 L/breath and a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min and a dead space of 0.15L, what is their pulmonary ventilation? (no units required, round to 1 decimal place)

6.7

If the room temperature was 21.6 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 1.7 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

6.8

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.83, a stroke volume of 69, a blood pressure of 133 / 84 , an ejection fraction of 63, and the duration of their ventricular diastole was 0.53, what percent of their cardiac cycle is spent in ventricular diastole? You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

Possible hematocrit in an adult male with relative polycythemia

68%

Possible hematocrit of a patient with severe obstuctive pulmonary disease whose SaO2% (even with supplemental O2) is usually around 92% the last six months

68%

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.71, a stroke volume of 91, a blood pressure of 108 / 87 , an ejection fraction of 57, and the duration of their ventricular diastole was 0.49, what percent of their cardiac cycle is spent in ventricular diastole? You may estimate it the same way we did in lab. No units required

Your subject's cardiac output is 4.8 L/min , their heart rate is 64 bpm, and their blood pressure is 113/84. What is their rate pressure product? (no units required)

7,232

If this subject's respiratory rate was 12 breaths per minute, what would be their minute ventilation?

7.2

If this subject's respiratory rate was 16 breaths per minute, what would be their VA? (use L not ml)

7.2

If your subject had an RR interval of 0.72, a stroke volume of 86, a blood pressure of 121 / 63 , and an ejection fraction of 51, what would be the best estimate their venous return in liters per minute? Assume the subject is completely healthy. Calculate to the nearest tenth. No units required

7.2

Possible red blood cell count in an adult male with primary polycythemia

7.4 million/mm3

What is this subject's total lung capacity? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

7.7

This subject can exhale what percent of their vital capacity in one second? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.84 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.1 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 40 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 66 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 30 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (no units required)

What is this subject's FEV1/FVC ratio? (this ratio is usually presented as a percent) other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

78.6

What percentage of their vital capacity is this subject able to exhale in one second? (this ratio is usually presented as a percent) other info: predicted VC= 3.8 L RV = 0.9 L

78.6

If this subject's respiratory rate was 20 br/min, what would be their pulmonary ventilation? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 5.0 L RV = 0.9 L

Your subject has a tidal volume of 0.6 L/breath and a respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min, what is their alveolar ventilation? (no units required, round to 1 decimal place)

8.1

If this subject's respiratory rate was 17 br/min, what would be their VE? (use L not ml) other info: predicted VC= 5.3 L RV = 1 L

8.5

hemoglobin concentraiton in an adult female with iron deficiency anemia due to a natural disaster-related famine in her country

8.7g/dl

hemoglobin concentraiton in an elderly adult female with pernicious anemia

8.7g/dl

Put the following blood types in order of most common to least common

O+ most common A+ 2nd most common AB+ 3rd most common AB- least common

A blood type that would not have any antigens in the ABO and Rh antigenic systems,

O-

In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems , a blood type that could have anti-A, Anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies

O-

In our length tension experiment if we had a new baseline tension of 6, a passive tension of 33.6 grams aand an active tension of 48.3 grams, what would be the total tension at this length? (no units required, calculate to the closest tenth).

81.9

What is this subject's FEV1/FVC ratio? (usually presented as a percent) other info: predicted VC= 5.1 L RV = 1 L

What is this subject's forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio? (this ratio is usually presented as a percent) other info: predicted VC= 3.4 L RV = 1 L

What percentage of this subject's forced vital capacity can be expired in the first second of expiration? other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

89.3

what is this subject's FEV1/FVC ratio? (this ratio is usually calculated as a percent) other info: predicted VC= 6.4 L RV = 1.1 L

89.3

If this subject's respiratory rate was 15 breaths per minute, how many liters of air per minute would be moving in and out of their lungs?

If the room temperature was 20.5 °C and a red blood cell was placed in a 2 % NaCl solution, what would be the osmotic pressure acting across the membrane? calculate to the nearest tenth. (no units required)

9.2

Your subject has a tidal volume of 0.61 L/breath and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths/min, what is their alveolar ventilation? (no units required, round to 1 decimal place)

9.2

If this subject's respiratory rate was 16 breaths per minute, what would be their VE? (use L not ml)

9.6

Which of the following blood types can type O- receive blood from?

O-

What is this subject's VC/predicted VC ratio? (usually presented as a percent) other info: predicted VC= 5.0 L RV = 0.9 L

This subject's vital capacity is what percent of their predicted vital capacity? other info: predicted VC= 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

96.3

Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type A-

In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that could only have anti-B antibodies

A+

Which of the following blood types can type A- donate to?

A+ AB+ AB- A+

Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type AB-

A,B

Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type AB+

A,B,Rh

Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type A+

A,Rh

In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that could only have anti-B and anti-Rh antibodies

A-

Which of the following blood types can type A- receive blood from?

O-,A-

Which of the following blood types can type B- receive blood from?

O-,B-

In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that would only have A antigens and B antigens

AB-

Which of the following blood types can type AB- donate to?

AB-, AB+

Match the following hormones:

ANP decreases Na+ reabsorption in thekidneys Aldosterone secreted by the adrenal cortex Vasopressin increases water reabsorption in the kidneys BNP released from theventricles when blood volume increases renin released from the kidney when ECF NaCl concentration decreases

Which of the following may have bilirubin in their urine?

All answers except 1

Which of the following is/are NOT true about the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Which of the following antibodies could be found in blood type O+

Anti-A , Anti-B

Which of the following drugs could be used to block the effects of norepinephrine on the ventricles?

Atenolol, a type of beta1-antagonist (blocker)

Which of the following drugs could be used to block the effects of acetylcholine on the AV Node?

Atropine

Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type B-

In our digestion lab, which of the following is/are true about how protein digestion and the way we evaluated it?

B&D

In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that would only have B antigens and Rh antigens

B+

In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that could only have anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies

B-

Which of the following blood types can type B+ receive blood from?

B- O- O+ B+

Which of the following blood types can type AB- receive blood from?

B- , AB-, O- , A-

Which of the following is not a mechanism that allows the SNS to increase BP?

Increased HR Venoconstriction All of these ARE mechanisms that the SNS can use to increase BP Vasoconstriction Increased contractility

The cardiovascular (CV) response to isometric exercise, like a wall squat or isometric handgrip exericse, is slightly different from the CV response to aerobic exercise. Which of the following is/are true about the blood pressure response to isometric exercise?

DBP increases

Match the following urine analysis findings with the appropriate disorder or disease process.

Diabetes glucose Albumin/protein renal diseases Phosphates osteoporosis Bilirubin liver diseases

What disease state may have an increase in ketones in the urine?

Diabetes mellitus

In skeletal muscle, when an action potential spreads down the T tubules it activates ____________________, which serve as _____________; this plays an important role in the intracellular release of calcium.

Dihyrdopyridine receptors, voltage sensors

Which of the following is/are correct?

During the ejection period, the left ventricular volume is decreasing

Which of the followng digestive hormone(s) promote secretion of insulin?

GIP, secretin, and cholcystokinin

Which of the following digestive secretions can activate chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypeptidase into their active forms?

HCl trypsin

In lab we performed modified tilt tests. These are a simple way to test a patient's ability to maintain blood pressure when changing position (orthostasis). Which of the following would suggest that your patient is "tilt positive"?

HR increasing from 64 to 86 bpm

Which of the following is/are NOT true regarding fluid volumes in the body?

ISF is 20% of ECF

Which of the following is/are NOT true about the way we tested for carbohydrate digestion in lab?

If a lot of starch was present, we would expect to see it turn purple with Benedicts solution

Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Which of the following findings is/are NOT true about similarities and/or differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? select the single best answer

In cardiac muscle we eventually stretched the muscle to a point where we expected to observe a decrease in strength of contraction

Which of the following are factors causing local vasodilation?

Increased ADP concentrations Decreased PO2 Increased CO2 only two of these Decreased pH Increased temperature All of these

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles depolarize. Note: some events have been skipped.

QuestionCorrect MatchSelected Match end of the period of isovolumetric ventricular contraction 1st a stroke volume of blood is ejected. 2nd ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure 3rd a small rise in aortic pressure as the aorta & arteries experience an elastic recoil 4th end of the period of isovolumetric ventricular relaxation 5th

We did two experiments related to hemostasis: determing bleeding tie and clotting time. Put the following events related to hemostasis in order ultimately ending in formation of a clot (the last answer.... note: not all steps are presented)

QuestionCorrect MatchSelected Match vascular spasm 1st platelet plug 2nd activation of factor X 3rd activation of prothrombin to its active form 4th formation of a clot last

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles depolarize.

QuestionCorrect MatchSelected Match ventricular volume begins to decrease 1st Ventricular pressure begins to fall 2nd ventricular volume stays constant (ventricle filled with end systoliv volume of blood) 3rd ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure 4th passive filling of ventricles begins 5th

Regarding the cold pressor test, which of the following is NOT true:

Receptor is thermoreceptors

Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type O+

Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type B+

Rh,B

Match the heart sounds below:

S4 Abnormal, late filling of the ventricle S2 Normal, Semilunar valves closing S1 Normal, AV valves closing S3 Abnormal, early ventricular filling

Match the following events:

T wave ventricular repolarization QRS complex ventricular depolarization P wave atrial depolarization

All of the following correctly describe the diuretic effect of laying supine EXCEPT?

This causes increased Na+ reabsorption at the level of the kidneys

Name of a confident Irish blood type?

Tip O'Positive

Which is/are NOT true regarding Tidal volume (TV), Respiratory Rate (RR), Dead Space (DS), Pulmonary Ventilation (VE), and Alveolar ventilation (VA):

To increase VA, it would be more effective to increase RR than TV

What is/are true regarding skeletal muscle twitches A and B below:

Twitch B would need to be stimulated less frequently to achieve tetanus

How were the BP changes similar/different with isometric versus dynamic exercise?

With dynamic exercise, there is more local vasodilation in active muscles

Which of the follwing is a part of the normal response to face immersion (diving reflex)?

a decrease in HR

Which of the following would likely cause the cardiovascular changes we observed with a mild breath hold (like we did in lab - not a long breath hold, not straining, not preceeded by a deep inspiration, just a calm brief cessation of breathing)?

a decrease in activity of the respiratory pump

Which of the following is/are NOT true about vasopressin?

a decrease in body fluid osmolarity would stimulate vasopressin secretion

If the parasympathetic nervous system is acting on the heart, we would expect to observe which of the following?

a negative chronotropic effect

The pulmonary response to constant intensity exercise includes all of the following EXCEPT:

a very slow and gradual rise in ventilation after the start of exercise

The act of stretching a muscle creates some tension that can be harnessed to help us move. Which of the following is/are true about this property of muscle?

a. the protein elastin, found in the connective tissue associated with the muscle, contributes to the tension created by stretching the muscle c. the tension created by stretching the muscle is related to the elastic properties of the muscle d. the protein titin, found in each sarcomere between the thick filaments and z-lines, contributes to the tension created by stretching the muscle e. the tension created by stretching the muscle is called passive tension

Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Which of the following findings is/are NOT true about similarities and/or differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? select the single best answer

a. In cardiac muscle stimulating with increasing freqeuncies fails to cause tetanus because of gap junctions

The parasympathetic nervous system's effects on the heart are acheived through secretion of the neurotransmitter _____________________ from sympathetic nerve varicosities.

acetylcholine

if a water molecule enters the kidney from the renal artery and gets filtered, and is reabsorbed in the part of the nephron where vasopressin influences water reabsorption, what is a possible sequence of steps this water molecule could have taken:

afferent arteriole first glomerulus second Bowman's capsule third proximal tubule fourth distal tubule fifth peritubular capillaries sixth

if a water molecule enters the kidney from the renal artery and gets filtered, and is reabsorbed in the part of the nephron where most water reabsorption occurs

afferent arteriole first glomerulus second Bowman's capsule third proximal tubule fourth peritubular capillaries fifth distal tubule the water molecule would not go here in this example

You are about to do a session of aquatic physical therapy with your patient and because your facility does not have a small, warm, therapy pool, you are doing your PT in a local university's pool (kept around 76 F). This patient also has some cardiac risk factors and a history of various ventricular arrhythmis. You remember learning about the diving reflex a long time ago in a physiolgy class when you were an undergraduate student; what concerns might you have, that relate to this reflex, in this situation?

all of these answers

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following do NOT contribute to the drop in blood pressure during the initial phase of this response?

all of these answers DO contribute to the initial drop in blood pressure when we stand up

If your subject consumed a salty snack with no fluids, which of the following is/are true?

all of these answers are true

The sympathetic nervous system's effects on the arterioles are acheived through binding of sympathetic neurotransmitters with ________.

alpha-adrenergic receptors

Which of the following is/are absorbable units for dietary proteins?

amino acids

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the breakdown of starches?

amylase

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following would tend to cause vasodilation?

an decrease in pH

If your subject was resting and relaxed, which of the following would we expect to observe if we injected them with atropine?

an increase in heart rate

If the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the heart, we would expect to observe which of the following?

an increase in heart rate an increase in contractility

The change in HR observed during the diving reflex is related to:

an increase in parasympatheteic nervous system activity

Which hormone/enzyme in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system directly causes an increase in blood pressure by increasing vasopressin, increasing thirst and causing vasoconstriction?

angiotensin II

With Type O, how do you spell antigen and antibody?

anitgne adn atniboide

Which of the following antibodies would be found in blood type B+

anti-A

Which of the following antibodies could be found in blood type B-

anti-A,anti-Rh

Which of the following antibodies would be found in blood type A+

anti-B

Which of the following antibodies could be found in blood type AB-

anti-Rh

Which of the following would be expected to decrease heart rate?

applying atenolol (a beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocker) applying cold Ringer's solution applying acetylcholine to the heart applying potassium to the heart

Which of the following would be expected to cause a positive inotropic effect?

applying epinephrine to the heart applying calcium to the heart

Which of the following would be expected to have a negative chronotropic effect?

applying potassium to the heart applying acetylcholine to the heart applying atenolol (a beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocker) applying cold Ringer's solution

Which of the following would be expected to decrease cardiac contractility?

applying potassium to the heart applying cold Ringer's solution to the heart

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles have started filling. Note: some events have been skipped.

atria contract 1st S4 (if observed) 2nd closing of the AV valves 3rd ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure 4th S2 5th

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles have started filling. Note: some events have been skipped.

atrial depolarization 1st ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure 2nd beginning of the ejection period 3rd start of the T wave 4th dicrotic notch 5th

Which of the following drugs could be used to block the effects of acetylcholine on the SA Node?

atropine

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following sequences best describes the secondary (2nd phase) cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test?

baroreceptors detect increase in pressure → medulla oblongatta → ↑ parasympathetic nervous system activity → ↓ HR → ↓ Q→ ↓ MAP

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the AV valves close. Note: some events have been skipped and in some cases the question involves events from the end of one cardiac cycle and the beginning of the next cardiac cycle

beginning of ventricular ejection period 1st second heart sound. 2nd start of passive filling of ventricles 3rd start of QRS complex. 4th closing of the AV valves 5th

Which of the following is/are secreted by salivary glands?

bicarbonate

Which of the following digestive secretions emulsifies dietary triglycerides?

bile salts

Which of the following digestive secretions is/are secreted by the liver?

bile salts

Which of the following digestive secretions is/are secreted when the gallbladder contracts?

bile salts

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. If a patient takes a vasodilator (such as a calcium channel blocker, an alpha antagonist, or an angiotensin II receptor blocker), how do you think this would influence their ability to maintain blood pressure after standing up

it would be harder to maintain blood pressure because vasoconstriction in the legs would be less effective

If you put a red blood cell in a solution that was slightly hypertonic relative to our body fluids, what would happen to the red blood cell?

it would crenate

When we are at rest and relaxed, parasympathetic tone tends to increase, how would this influence blood pressure?

it would decrease heart rate

Which of the following is/are true about sympathetic nervous system effects on total peripheral resistance?

its effect on TPR is accomplished especially through constriction of arterioles

Which of the following enzymes is/are involved in catalyzing the breakdown of disacharides?

lactase maltase sucrase

Digestion requires breaking covalent bonds in dietary nutrients into absorbable units. Which of the following catalyze the breakdown of covalent bonds?

lactase sucrase maltase lipase carboxypeptidase trypsin pepsin amylase chymotrypsin

Which of the following is made up of a glucose and a galactose?

lactose

Which of the following is/are dietary disaccharides?

lactose sucrose maltose

Which of the following enzymes is involved in catalyzing the breakdown of dietary triglycerides?

lipase

Which of the following enzymes is involved in catalyzing the breakdown of substrates to absorbable units of monoglycerides and free fatty acids?

lipase

Which of the following do we get when we break down starches?

maltose

Match the variable with the most appropriate numerical value or value range

mean corupscular hemoglobin concentration 30-35 g/dL adult female hematocrit 36-45% adult male hemoglobin concentration. 14-18 g/dL adult male hematocrit 43-49% adult female hemoglobin concentration 12-16 g/dL

Which of the following is/are absorbable units for dietary fats?

monoglycerides free fatty acids

helps to lubricate the food before being swallowed. You can test for its presence using vinegar/acetic acid

mucin

The parasympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter that acts on the heart binds with ______________________________ in the SA Node

muscarinic receptors

The parasympathetic nervous system's effects on the heart are acheived through binding of sympathetic neurotransmitters with ________ in the heart.

muscarinic receptors

Several local factors inside a systemic tissue can influence nearby vascular smooth muscle and cause constriction or dilation. Which of the following would tend to cause vasodilation?

nitric oxide

Does this subject have any evidence of an obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD)? What evidence supports the diagnosis, or lack of diagnosis of an OPD? select yes or no and then select one more answer (select two answers) other information: predicted VC = 5.1 L RV = 1 L

no Their FEV1/VC ratio is over 80%

Does this subject have any evidence of a restrictive pulmonary disease (RPD)? What evidence supports the diagnosis, or lack of diagnosis of an RPD? select yes or no and then select one more answer (select two answers) other information: predicted VC = 5.4 L RV = 1.2 L

no Their VC/predicted VC ratio is over 80%

Does this subject have any evidence of an obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD), a restrictive pulmonary disease (RPD), both, or normal pulmonary function? Also indicate what evidence supports the diagnosis, or lack of diagnosis of pulmonary diseases or normal lung function? select all that apply other information: predicted VC = 5 L RV = 1 L

there is NO evidence of an obstructive pulmonary disease there is NO evidence of a restrictive pulmonary disease Their FEV1/VC ratio is over 80% Their VC/predicted VC ratio is over 80%

there is NO evidence of an obstructive pulmonary disease there is evidence of a restrictive pulmonary disease Their FEV1/VC ratio is over 80% Their VC/predicted VC ratio is under 80%

Which of the following is/are NOT true about bile salts?

they break down triglycerides

The lumbricals of the hand are intrinsic hand muscles that play a role in fine motor control of the hand. Given this role, what would we predict about the size of motor units of these muscles?

they would have few fibers per motor unit

The tibialis anterior is a major dorisflexor of the foot and is not used for any fine motor activities. Given this role, what would we predict about the size of motor units of these muscles?

they would have many fibers per motor unit

The neurotransmitter released by parasympatheteic postganglionic nerve fibers at the ventricles is ___________________.

this branch of the autonomic nervous system does not innervate this part of the heart

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise, like cycling or running includes an increase in heart rate even before we start to exercise. Which of the following is/are true about this response? ?(try it at home, put on your exercise clothes and see what happens to HR)

this is an example of feed-forward control

If a muscle were performing a concentric action, we would expect the following to decrease in length

three of the above

The cardiovascular response to the cold pressor test usually has two distinct phases in normotensive subjects (neither hyper- nor hypotensive). Which of the following is/are related to the cardiovascular changes in the second part of the cold pressor test in normotensive subjects?

three of these answers

Which of the following are proteins found in the thin filament? Select all that apply (answer is correct only if all of the correct answers are selected and none of the incorrect answers are selected)

troponin tropomyosin actin

Which of the following is/are enzymes secreted by the pancreas that catalyze the breakdown of proteins?

trypsin chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase

rank the following tubes in order of most protein digestion to least protein digestion:

trypsin, chymotrypsinogen, NaHCO3, eggwhite most trypsin, HCl, eggwhite third most trypsin, NaHCO3, eggwhite second most HCl, eggwhite least

----------------- is the selective movement of substances from inside the kidney tubules into the peritubular capillaries:

tubular reabsorption

In heart transplant patients all autonomic nerves to the hear have been cut. How would this likely effect the cardiovascular response to exericise?

two of these answers

The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise, like cycling or running, and isometric exercise have some simmilarities and differenes. Which of the following is/are true about similarities in the cardiovascular response to aerobic and isometric exercise?

two of these answers

When the parasympathetic nervous system is acting on the SA Node it would result in which of the following ionic/permeability changes?

two of these answers would happen

In which of the following tubes would we expect to observe the smallest decrease in pH?

two of these would be tied

In our body fluid/renal lab we used dipsticks and a chemical test to determine the presence/absence of some normal/abnormal constituents that may, or may not, be found in urine. Each of these normal/abnormal urine constituents may suggest certain problems in the body. For example, an abundance of phosphates may indicate a bone demineralizing disorder like osteoporosis. Which of the following combinations of conditions and abnormal urine constituents is INCORRECT?

urobilinogen-renal diseases

vascular spasm 1st platelet plug 2nd activation of thrombin from its inactive form 3rd fibrinogen being activated to fibrin 4th formation of a clot last

When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following are NOT a part of the second phase of the cardiovascular response to standing up from a supine position?

vasodilation of arterioles

ventricular pressure increases above aortic pressure 1st ejection period 2nd ventricles begin to repolarize 3rd volume of blood in the ventricles remains constant (filled with around 50ml of blood) 4th early filling of ventricles 5th

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the opening of the semilunar valves. Note: some events have been skipped and in some cases the question involves events from the end of one cardiac cycle and the beginning of the next cardiac cycle

ventricular volume begins to decrease 1st isovolumetric ventricular relaxation period 2nd ventricles depolarize 3rd ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure 4th ventricular volume stays constant with about 140 ml of blood 5th

Put the following events of the cardiac cycle in order. These events take place after the ventricles depolarize.

ventricular volume begins to decrease 1st semilunar valves close 2nd period of isovolumetric ventricular relaxation 3rd AV valves open 4th S3 (if observed) 5th

If we wanted to simulate multiple motor unit summation (MMUS), we would have increased the -------- setting on the stimulator.

voltage

You put a red blood cell on a microscope slide, and you put a drop of 2.7% NaCl solution on the drop of blood. The temperature in the room and the fluids is 19 degrees Celsius. Which of the following is/are true about this scenario?

water would be expected to be leaving the cell we would expect to see the cells crenate

You put a red blood cell on a microscope slide, and you put a drop of 3.2% NaCl solution on the drop of blood. The temperature in the room and the fluids is 22 degrees Celsius. Which of the following is/are true about this scenario?

we would expect to see the cells crenate water would be expected to be leaving the cell

In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and BP. Which of the following cardiovascular responses would be expected? (assume that the subject lets their nervous system dictate breathing responses.....yes, the response is a little different if the subject voluntarily supresses the normal, involuntary breathing response and voluntarily controlls breathing; how cool is that?)

widespread vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles

Your subject is a very tall young man, does he have any evidence of an restrictive pulmonary disease (RPD)? What evidence supports the diagnosis, or lack of diagnosis of an RPD? select yes or no and then select one more answer (select two answers) other information: predicted VC = 8.5 L RV = 1.1 L

phys lab 2 exam

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