Phys. Midterm Practice Exam Questions

In chem lab, you are handed a 2L bottle of a solution of 2 mol NaCl, 2 mol Mg2+, 1 mol glucose and 3 mol NADH. In your celebration of correctly calculating the osmolarity, you accidentally spill half of the bottle. What is the osmolarity of the solution you hand back to your TA? a. 5 osm b. 10 osm c. 4 osm d. 8 osm

a. 5 osm

Dr. Scarlets Patient X has a body area that has no extracellular matrix. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that the cells in this area will likely a. Be atypically small b. Have a longer lifespan c. Will all be very dissimilar from eachother d. All three statements are correct

a. Be atypically small

Dr. Scarlet's Patient X is an avid Ohio hiker; however, when recently hiking the steep inclines and high altitudes of the Colorado Rockies, Patient X was easily winded. Concerned about their health, they asked Dr. Scarlet if they needed lung tests. Dr. S correctly stated that more hiking in the Rockies would a. Cause acclimatization to occur b. Reduce the problem because they would adapt c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

a. Cause acclimatization to occur

Phys Phab Nora and Emily were walking along High Street. Nora watched Emily neatly balance walking along a narrow piece of pipe in front of a business only to jump off and cover her ears when a car suddenly honked next to them. They both correctly noted that her pipe work was being controlled by her _____ and her reaction to the honk occurred due to her _____ a. Cerebellum- thalamus b. Diencephalon- forebrain c. Cerebellum-cerebrum d. Cerebellum- hypothalamus

a. Cerebellum- thalamus

Based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, assembling is a type of _____ and repeating information is a type of _____ a. Creating- remembering b. Creating- applying c. Understanding- analyzing d. Understanding- remembering

a. Creating- remembering

According to Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, judging and defending are examples of a. Evaluating b. Analyzing c. Creating d. Remembering

a. Evaluating

A typical cell is hyperpolarized. Therefore, on average there is a ______ amount of ______ on the _______ of the cell a. Greater- cations- outside b. Greater- anions- outside c. Lessor- anions- inside d. Lessor- cations- inside

a. Greater- cations- outside OR d. Lessor- cations- inside

Dr. Scarlets Patient X has ingested a toxin that binds to sodiums in the extracellular fluid. Dr. Scarlet correctly realizes that Patient X will a. Have fully functional sodium-potassium-ATPase Pumps b. Not have functional Glucose Transporters c. Both statements are correct d. Neither statements are correct

a. Have fully functional sodium-potassium-ATPase Pumps

Dr. Gray is cultivating a dangerous bacteria in a well-controlled environment that has no oxygen present. Dr. G correctly realizes that the bacteria a. Is only using one method to make its ATP b. Will be running its glycolysis process with a total of just 10 reactions c. Will only be able to make four ATPs per glucose d. Will have all of its substrate level phosphorylation functioning

a. Is only using one method to make its ATP

Which is a correct statement about homeostasis? a. It is also known as dynamic constancy b. Energy is not required to maintain steady state c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

a. It is also known as dynamic constancy

When a strong stimulus change is detected, that information is coded as _____ action potentials and results in _____ neurotransmitter release a. More - increased d. More - decreased c. Larger - increased d. Larger - decreased

a. More - increased

Which is a correct statement about regulation of homeostatic control? a. Negative feedback is the most common response seen in human bodies b. Positive feedback is utilized to save the most energy c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

a. Negative feedback is the most common response seen in human bodies

While working in the Party Room, Phys Phab Sarah heard a student correctly explain to a student that, to communicate, ________ move in the extracellular fluid and ______ move in the plasma a. Neurotransmitters- endocrines b. Paracrines- fibronectins c. Fibronectins- endocrines d. Fibronectins- fibronectins

a. Neurotransmitters- endocrines

Although walking within a marked crosswalk, Phys Phab Isa only missed being hit by a car by inches. Although thoroughly shaken by the event, she correctly realized that, as she calmly continued her walk, a. None of her preganglionic synpses had a biogenic amine neurotransmitter present b. Her shorter preganglionic neurons were increasing their activity c. Her walking is involving ganglia to control the muscles d. Epinephrine is not present in her smallest fluid compartment

a. None of her preganglionic synpses had a biogenic amine neurotransmitter present

Dr. Scarlets Patient X is unable to say definitively without looking whether they are wearing socks or not. Consequently, Dr. S is correctly _____ since the lack of sensation is mostly likely caused by _____ a. Not too concerned - inhibitory efferents b. Immediately concerned - oligodendrocyte loss c. Not too concerned - direct CNS actions d. Immediately concerned - hypothalamus damage

a. Not too concerned - inhibitory efferents

Which is a correct statement about the potentials associated with cells? a. Only excitable cells can experience an action potential b. All action potentials are graded potentials and all graded potentials are action potentials c. The membrane potential is the voltage different within the plasma membrane d. Graded potentials can be due to an aquaporin allowing water to follow its electrochemical gradient

a. Only excitable cells can experience an action potential

A student used the magic shrink ray (size setting = ion) to be outside of a neuron and watches as myelin is created in only one section of the neuron's axon. She correctly realizes that a. She is in the peripheral nervous system b. She is watching an oligodendrocyte do its job c. Both are correct d. Neither are correcr

a. She is in the peripheral nervous system

Dr. Grays Patient X was born with all of their preganglionic axons being of identical length. Consequently, Dr. Gray correctly knows that Patient X has sympathetic preganglionic neurons _______ activating parasympathetic postganglionic neurons a. Sometimes b. Always c. Never d. Not possible to observe

a. Sometimes

Which is a correct statement about the bodys fluid compartments? a. The majority of the fluid is within cells b. Endocrines utilize the largest one c. Adjacent neurons utilize the smallest one d. About half of the fluid is extracellular

a. The majority of the fluid is within cells

Carmen Canvas is an industrious phellow Phys student whose resolution was to increase water intake. Consequently, they started drinking an additional liter of water each day. They have noticed that they are now making more trips to the bathroom to urinate. They correctly realize that a. Their increased urination is an attempt to maintain homeostasis b. They must be increasing their use of our Eq. 1 c. They are initiating positive feedback d. They are acclimatizing to a different set point

a. Their increased urination is an attempt to maintain homeostasis

Your fellow peer helped you with your understanding of the sodium-potassium-ATPase pumps. You were correctly told that it a. Transports three sodiums to the interstitial fluid b. Is an example of primary active transport and is a cotransporter c. Is initially open to the area with the higher sodium concentration d. Utilizes two ATPs to complete one full cycle

a. Transports three sodiums to the interstitial fluid

Dr. May Zen Blue has developed a toxin that causes all stones to be dissolved. Consequently, BuckeyeNation victims of this toxin will have their _____ impacted and have difficulty determining their _____ a. Vestibular system - acceleration relative to gravity b. Cochlea - direction of movement c. Semicircular canals - acceleration relative to gravity d. Middle ear - direction of movement

a. Vestibular system - acceleration relative to gravity

In the party room, a Phys Phab got overwhelmed because multiple students were asking him their questions simultaneously. To calm himself down, he correctly realized that this situation a. Was analogous to convergence b. Has the student being postsynaptic neurons c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

a. Was analogous to convergence

Which is a correct statement about gustation? a. The tongues thickness is increased to maximize the number of receptors b. A typical human has about 10,000 receptors on the tongue from one of five (or six) primary types c. A typical individual can register a salty taste about twice as fast as a bitter taste d. Both the primary taste receptor categories of sweet and sour are addressing a critical need

b. A typical human has about 10,000 receptors on the tongue from one of five (or six) primary types

Our Columbus Blue Jackets (ice hockey) seem to play better when there is a full moon. Hearing of this trend, you correctly realize that it could be due to a(n) _______ with a lunar _______ a. Acclimatization- set point b. Biorhythm-period c. Acclimatization- steady state d. Biorhythm- phase

b. Biorhythm-period

Your phellow Phys student Carmen Canvas has calcium levels impacted by hypoclacemia. Consequently, you correctly realize that a. The specificity of their neurotransmitters will be impacted b. Both the efferent and afferent portions of their reflex template will be impacted c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

b. Both the efferent and afferent portions of their reflex template will be impacted

When considering active transport types, you correctly state that ______ type(s) bind(s) the transportee(s) and _________ type(s) directly use(s) ATP a. Both-both b. Both- only one c. Only one- both d. Only one- only one

b. Both- only one

Which set is correctly ordered from oldest to newest in the historical order? a. Brainstem--- diencephalon b. Brainstem- cerebellum- thalamus c. Hypothalamus- pons- cerebrum d. Oblangata- cerebrum- forebrain

b. Brainstem- cerebellum- thalamus

Light entering the human eye will always contact the ____ before contacting the _____ a. Cones - lens b. Cornea - retina c. Rods - afferents d. Rods - cones

b. Cornea - retina

While listening to a student explain intercellular communication, they correctly included that a. Paracines always have the cells touching for communication to occur b. Gap junctions have more size limited communication than tunneling nanotubes c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

b. Gap junctions have more size limited communication than tunneling nanotubes

While in the crowded Nationwide Area before a Blue Jackets game, Stinger (mascot) uses his arms to get people out of his personal space. He correctly realizes that he is using his arms analogously to a. Peripheral protein b. Glycocalyx c. Leak channels d. None is correct

b. Glycocalyx

Dr. Grays patient had their Schwann Cells creating myelin half the length of typical myelin. Consequently, Dr. G correctly expects this patient to have a. Increased time to communicate within the CNS b. Greater number of nodes of Ranvier c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

b. Greater number of nodes of Ranvier

Brutus is starting to feel unwell. To keep hydrated, he pours himself an overfilled glass of water. Recalling his physiology, he correctly states that a. Covalent bonds allow for overfilling b. His free radical levels will be increasing c. He should now avoid ingesting oxidants d. His levels of nitric oxide should not increase

b. His free radical levels will be increasing

IPSPs cause a _______ and _______ the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the post synaptic cell a. Hyperpolarization- increase b. Hyperpolarization- decrease c. Depolarization- increase d. Depolarization- decrease

b. Hyperpolarization- decrease

Which is a correct statement about the thalamus? a. It is later in the historic order than the basal nuceli b. It is half the diencephalon with the hypothalamus as the other part c. It is a major relay station for only sensory input d. It allows an individual to register the color of a moving object

b. It is half the diencephalon with the hypothalamus as the other part

Which is a correct statement about the plasma membrane? a. Its existence is due to hydrogen bonding b. Its integral proteins are sometimes transmembrane c. Some cholesterols and integral proteins can have carbohydrate chains attached d. The movement of the plasma membrane is most impacted by the integral proteins

b. Its integral proteins are sometimes transmembrane

While zooming to lecture on her skateboard, UGTA Scoot flew past a raccoon. Knowing that they can sometimes be infected with the rabies virus, she recalled that rabies causes those infected to be afraid of water. Consequently, she correctly realized that a rabid raccoon would act like a ______ compound and, in a plasma membrane, associated with the ______ region(s) a. Lipophilic- head b. Lipophilic- tail c. Lipophobic- head d. Lipophobic- tail

b. Lipophilic- tail

Phys Phab Jackie used the Magic Shrink Ray (size setting = ion) to be outside of a cell and observe a protein associated with the plasma membrane. She correctly states that this protein a. Is definitely transmembrane b. Must be amphiphatic c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

b. Must be amphiphatic

A red blood cell typically has about a billion O2 molecules within in. To make ATP, red blood cells a. Always work aerobically b. Only use one method c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

b. Only use one method

Glycocalyx chains are found on the ______ side of the plasma membrane and _____ cells a. Interstitial fluid- anchor b. Outer- limit the growth of c. Intracellular fluid- identify d. Cytosolic- prevent damage to

b. Outer- limit the growth of

After a fall, Dr. Scarlet's Patient X is having difficulty moving their toes. Consequently, Dr. S. is correctly concerned that Patient X might have damage to their ______ nervous system that could be located on the _______ side of their spine a. Somatic- dorsal b. Somatic- ventral c. Autonomic- dorsal d. Autonomic- ventral

b. Somatic- ventral

Your fellow peer observed birds pecking eachother. The first bird was being pecked by many other birds. A second bird was being pecked repeatedly by a third bird. Turning this behavior into a physiology analogy, they correctly translated that the first bird was experiencing a _______ summation and the second bird was experiencing a ______ summation a. Spatial- spatial b. Spatial- temporal c. Temporal- spatial d. Temporal- temporal

b. Spatial- temporal

Which is a correct statement about the events of an action potential? a. The cells sodium influx causes repolarization b. The absolute value of the impact of potassium is greater than that of sodium c. The peak occurs because the sodium channels close then the potassium channels finally open d. The voltage-gated potassium transporters have the same threshold as the sodium ones

b. The absolute value of the impact of potassium is greater than that of sodium

Which is a correct statement about the central nervous system? a. A group of cell bodies has the different names in the brain and spinal cord b. The cerebrum but not the spinal cord has its white matter on the inside c. The spinal cords connection to the brain is the cerebellum d. It utilizes two different receptor designs to gather information

b. The cerebrum but not the spinal cord has its white matter on the inside

Which is a correct action that could cause an action potential to occur? a. Enough potassiums exit the cell to have the threshold potential reached b. The membrane potential is increased to nearly 0mV c. All of the anions are removed from the interstitial fluid d. Open ligand-gated sodium transporters to have the threshold potential reached

b. The membrane potential is increased to nearly 0mV

Dr. Scarlet is studying two plasma membrane proteins. With the first one, sodium is observed periodically moving through it. With the second one, potassium is continuously moving through it. Dr. S correctly realizes that the first protein is likely a ______ channel and the second is likely a ______ channel a. Leak- ligand gated b. Thermally gated- leak c. Voltage gated- aquaporin d. Mechanically gated- thermally gated

b. Thermally gated- leak

Along a myelinated axon, the size of the signal being electrically transmitted _____ decrease at times and graded potentials will occur _______ a. Will not- all along the axon b. Will- all along the axon c. Will not- only under the myelin d. Will- only under the myelin

b. Will- all along the axon

Like humans, black bears (seen in eastern Ohio) maintain a consistent internal body temperature. However, unlike humans, they also hibernate during the winter at a lower body temperature than the rest of the year. These body temperature changes in black bears are an example of _____ with _____ period. a. Negative feedback- an annual b. Negative feedback- a winter c. Biorhythm- an annual d. Biorhythm- a winter

c. Biorhythm- an annual

A student poured a packet of Stevia (artificial sweetener) into her morning coffee. She correctly realized that Stevia a. Is an agonist for glucose receptors b. Binds to membrane bound receptors c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

Brutus correctly realized that the falling dominoes would a. Be individual all-or-nothing events that are stereotyped b. Be able to be completed even if the number of dominoes was double c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

Dr. Gray's Patient Y present with breathing and swallowing deficiencies after a head injury. Consequently, Dr. G correctly expects this patient to have damaged a. Their brainstem b. Only one brain part c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

Dr. May Zen Blue has created a toxin that destroys acetylcholinesterase. Therefore, BuckeyeNation victims might experience a. Increased activation of nearby synapses b. Longer durations of respones c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

Dr. May Zen Blue releases a vapor on the Oval that causes Buckeyes to increase free radical production. Which is a correct statement about this scenario? a. The impacted Buckeyes should be given Vitamin A b. Some of the Buckeyes could benefit from the vapor c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

In a micro anatomy lab, you are observing two connected cells. You watch paracrines move all around these cells and note that the osmolarities of the two cells are different. You correctly state in your lab report that a. Cadherins are allowing these cells to be connected b. This connection is the strongest possible way to connect these two cells c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

In a microanatomy lab, you are observing two communicating cells. You correctly realize that communication has occurred when the receiving cell a. Becomes a hepatocyte b. Makes more insulin receptors c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

Which is a correct statement about neurons? a. Efferents can be activated without an afferent being activated first b. Efferents can both receive and send signals c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

Which is a correct statement about the indirect communicators? a. Only paracines and neurotransmitters travel via the mid-sized fluid compartment b. Only endocrines are able to overcome the limitations of diffusion c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

c. Both are correct

While suffering a head cold (i.e., nose too stuffed to be useful), Brutus Buckeye is almost done with an 800m run. Unfortunately, he is badly suffering from the impacts of lactic acid. Consequently, he correctly realizes that his ______ has been directly inhibited a. Glycolysis b. Krebs cycle c. Electron transport chain d. Actually, all of his cellular metabolic pathways have been directly inhibited

c. Electron transport chain

While in a chemistry lab, a fellow student was tasked with adding 5 gm of salt into a beaker of pure water. Recalling their recent physiology, he correctly stated that the salt consists of ______ bonds which, in this beaker, are not as strong as ______ and weaker than _________ a. Covalent- ionic bonds- hydrophobic interactions b. Hydrogen- ionic bonds- hydrophobic interactions c. Ionic- hydrogen interactions- hydrophobic bonds d. Ionic- hydrogen bonds- covalent bonds

c. Ionic- hydrogen interactions- hydrophobic bonds AND (both correct) d. Ionic- hydrogen bonds- covalent bonds

Which is a correct statement about the plasma membrane? a. Its phospholipids are amphiphatic because they have a hydrophilic head and one lipophilic tail b. Its formation requires a large usage of energy by the cell c. It is mainly held together by noncovalent bonds d. It is considered a mosaic because of the continuous movements of its components

c. It is mainly held together by noncovalent bonds

Which is a correct statement about the efferent nervous system? a. Its autonomic innervates skeletal mucscle b. Its somatic can excite or inhibt c. Its sympathetic has ganglia near the spine d. Its afferent has two receptor designs

c. Its sympathetic has ganglia near the spine

Which is a correct statement about the coding of location? a. Larger receptive fields are best since they register many stimuli simultaneously b. Only the afferent neurons can limit the CNS from receiving information c. Lateral inhibition is due to the second job of the afferent neurons d. The size of the stimulus will be directly proportional to the frequency of action potentials created

c. Lateral inhibition is due to the second job of the afferent neurons

Stereocilia are a type of _____ and _____ are involved in hearing a. Mechanoreceptor - all b. Nociceptor - all c. Mechanoreceptor - some d. Nociceptor - some

c. Mechanoreceptor - some

Many Covid-19 victims lost their sense of taste temporarily. Consequently, these individuals has their a. Efferent pathway impacted b. Mechanoreceptors impacted c. Modality impacted d. All three statements are correct

c. Modality impacted

While working in the Party Room, you correctly realized that a comparison of terminology could be made since _____ is similar to specificity like _____ is similar to affinity a. Modality- receptor b. Adequacy- receptor c. Modality- adequacy d. Adequacy- modality

c. Modality- adequacy

As a Sugar Bowl mascot challenge, Brutus Buckeye ate a pound of sugar. Afterwards, the football team's doctor, Dr. Ohio was concerned about Brutus who seemed disoriented. Dr. Ohio diagnosed him with hyperglycemia and wrote a script for insulin which will result in ___ feedback and Brutus ___. a. Negative- returning toward set range b. Positive- moving with of the disturbance c. Negative- regaining steady state d. Feedforward- avoiding future changes

c. Negative- regaining steady state

While in a packed Review Session, a Phys Phriend whispers a secret to you; however, another student was able to hear the secret. You correctly realize that overhearing made this message most similar to a. Endocrine b. Neurotransmitter c. Paracrine d. Neurohormone

c. Paracrine

Which is a correct statement about transport across the plasma membrane? a. Only one compound can be bound to a transporter at a time b. The Glucose Transporters are an example of active transport c. The sodium-potassium-ATPase pump moves more sodiums than potassiums d. A ligand gated transporter can be opened by a neurotransmitter

c. The sodium-potassium-ATPase pump moves more sodiums than potassiums

Which is a correct statement about action potentials? a. They occur in myelinated sections of an axon b. Lidocaine prevents them by blocking the flow of potassiums c. Their amplitude is independent of the size of the original graded potential d. All three statements are correct

c. Their amplitude is independent of the size of the original graded potential

A cell in the skin divides into two daughter cells. Which is a correct statement about these two new cells? a. They were created by a division process called meiosis b. They both will definitely become epithelial cells c. They have identical genomes d. Their surrounding extracellular matrix will not influence their lipidome

c. They have identical genomes

Which is a correct statement about the junctions between cells? a. Both gap junctions and desmosomes allow intracellular fluid flow b. Gap junctions do not allow intracellular fluid flow c. Tight junctions are formed by claudins d. All three junctions are created by peripheral proteins

c. Tight junctions are formed by claudins

A hepatocyte (liver cell) is placed into a beaker with a very high concentration of sodium. Which is a correct statement about this scenario? The cell a. Is likely hypertonic to this solution b. Will have sodium entering it c. Will decrease in size d. An osmotic pressure will develop

c. Will decrease in size

Dr. Scarlet has the students correctly recall what they already know about the 3 types of neurons. One statement was that a. Interneurons are sometimes found in the peripheral nervous system b. There are significantly more afferents than efferents c. Afferent neurons can only send information to the central nervous system d. Afferent neurons are considered atypical because they have no dendrites

d. Afferent neurons are considered atypical because they have no dendrites

While we will learn about several actions of caffeine, a currently relevant action is that it blocks the actions of a particular neurontransmitter that registers our level of tiredness. Based on this information, you have correctly realized that, in this action, caffeine is a(n) a. Receptor b. Agonist c. Anabolist d. Competitor

d. Competitor

When vesicles are being created, the overall size will be ______ and the cell's communication options are being ______ a. Increasing-increased b. Increasing- decreased c. Decreasing- increased d. Decreasing- decreased

d. Decreasing- decreased

Dr. Gray is viewing the neurons in patient Y's spine. Finding no problems, the view shows a. Schwann cells creating the myelin b. Myelin on different axons never being created by a single source c. The axons receiving information d. Dendrites only coming off the neuronal cell bodies

d. Dendrites only coming off the neuronal cell bodies

For regulation utilized by homeostatic control systems, biorhythms are mainly based on _____ and acclimatizations are _____ reversible a. Negative feedback- mostly b. Negative feedback- rarely c. Feedforward- rarely d. Feedforward- mostly

d. Feedforward- mostly

Which is a correct statement about the critical equations? a. In our Eq. 2, glucose is broken down and water is a reactant b. In our Eq. 1, ATP is only a product c. Our Eq. 3 in the rightward direction causes the bloods pH to increase d. From our Eq. 4, an increase in pressure will typically occur due to a decrease in the systems volume

d. From our Eq. 4, an increase in pressure will typically occur due to a decrease in the systems volume

Brutus has become obsessed with super, sweet, delicious strawberries and ate about a gallon of them for breakfast this morning. One of his cardiac cells (aka heart cell) at first saw a rise in its availability of cytosolic glucose but then the increasing stopped. Based on transportation, Brutus correctly realized that a. His Sodium-Glucose Transporters have become saturated b. The change was caused by a lack of ATP c. The driving ion was not longer available d. His numbers of present carrier-mediated transporters did not change

d. His numbers of present carrier-mediated transporters did not change

While studying at the library, the fire alarm went off and a smokey smell was present. While walking down the stairs to the nearest exit, Brutus Buckeye was very concerned but correctly realized that a. His bronchioles were currently contracting b. His adrenal cortex was releasing endocrines c. He was going to be able to read his notes while waiting for the fire department to clear the library d. His postganglionic neurons were not releasing acetylcholine

d. His postganglionic neurons were not releasing acetylcholine

Which is a correct match of receptor type and method for decreasing its activation? a. Intracellular- endocytosing b. Membrane bound- decreasing specificity c. Intracellular- anabolizing d. Intracellular- eliminating plasma binding proteins

d. Intracellular- eliminating plasma binding proteins

Which is a correct explanation of how specialization is different from differentiation? Specialization a. Is a process, not a state like differentiation b. Only occurs after development, not during c. Is for specialized not adaptive cells d. Is actually the same as differentiation

d. Is actually the same as differentiation

Your peer correctly pointed out to you that stereocilia have the ____ for sound but not the _____ to hear very high pitched dog whistles. a. Amplitude - frequency b. Frequency - amplitude c. Adequacy - modality d. Modality - adequacy

d. Modality - adequacy

Which is a correct statement about the cellular metabolic pathways? a. Substrate level phosphorylation occurs only in the cytosol b. Carbohydrates are the only starting point for energy production c. Elevated levels of ADP will down-regulate these pathways d. More ATPs are generated due to oxidative than substrate level phosphorylation

d. More ATPs are generated due to oxidate than substrate level phosphorylation

After decades in college, Brutus Buckeye finally enjoys the taste of unsweetened coffee even though his first taste back in the 70s made him want to spit it out. Which is a correct statement about this scenario? a. His bitter receptors are no longer functional b. His sweet receptors have been impacted c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

Based on our figure 2, which is a correct statement about the plasma growth hormone? a. Its period is nocturnal, unlike body temperature b. Its amplitude is very similar to plasma cortisol c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

In a biochemistry lab, you are asked to pour a beaker filled with phospholipids into a beaker containing a liquid. You correctly realize that the phospholipids in this liquid a. Will never form balls with their heads on the inside and tails on the outside b. Will definitely form a lipid bilayer, like a plasma membrane c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

In a hallway, you are able to view two neighboring classrooms simultaneously. One room has twice the students of the other. Since you were just focused on osmosis, you correctly use these classrooms as an analogy to state that a. If the students are like potassiums, then an osmotic pressure will not develop b. There is an osmotic gradient present and water will move to the room with fewer students c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

This assessment is nearly over so you expand your lungs with a large inhale. You correctly realize that a. The pressure in your lungs is increasing b. The new oxygen will be used by our Eq. 1 c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

When explaining saltatory conduction, Dr. Fizz E. Oh correctly states that a. The name is due to its importance of sodium and its existence in salt b. Is more properly compared to a frog jumping between rocks than a dolphin jumping out of the water c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

Which is a correct statement about cholesterol? a. Prevents vesicle formation b. Decreases the discrimination of the membrane c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

Which is a correct statement about the Nervous System? a. Its communication function is dependent of differences in temperature b. It has sensory information but not action generation as apart of its peripheral nervous system c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

Which is a correct statement about the Sodium-Glucose Transporter? a. When glucose binds, the transporter reorients to the extracellular fluid side b. It will shut down only when ATP is not available to its cell c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

Which is a correct statement about the indirect cellular communication? a. Neurons can only use neurotransmitters b. Juxtacrines are sometimes utilized c. Both are correct d. Neither are correct

d. Neither are correct

Which is a correct statement about neurotransmitters? a. Some amino acids can cause hyperpolarizations in the presynaptic cell b. Neuropeptides are never found in the smallest fluid compartment c. Both statements are correct d. Neither statement is correct

d. Neither statement is correct

A fellow student imagines themself as a small, lipophilic compound that wants to enter a cell. Fantasizing that this movement can be accomplished by a train ride, they would need a a. Hydrophilic train b. Amphiphatic train c. Nonpolar train d. No train at all

d. No train at all

In a typical cell and for potassium, the chemical gradient is the ______ direction as the electrical gradient when that cell is at ____ a. Same- rest b. Same- the peak of the threshold potential c. Opposite- the peak of the threshold potential d. Opposite- rest

d. Opposite- rest

After waking up thristy, Phys Phab Caley went to her bathroom sink to get a glass of water but without turning on any lights along the way. Which is a correct statement about the photoreceptor type that she was utilizing the most during this trip? It is the type a. That is best at distinguishing various colors b. That is less abundant than the other type c. That is less sensitive that the other type d. That utilizes the second receptor design

d. That utilizes the second receptor design

Which is a correct statement about when an extracellular signal binds to an integral protein? a. This extracellular signal is hydrophobic b. A low specificity might be present c. The likelihood of this binding could be decreased by exocytosis activity d. This integral protein must be transmembrane

d. This integral protein must be transmembrane

After the first early lecture, your new Phys Priend ate a large breakfast and drank a very sugary beverage. Consequently, you correctly realized that their morning blood glucose levels a. Must have decreased before the meal due to feedforward actions b. Will not be at steady state and their set point has changed c. Are determined based on a circadian biorhythm d. Will be detected by a receptor and sent via the afferent pathway to the integrator

d. Will be detected by a receptor and sent via the afferent pathway to the integrator