Physcial Science - Final Exam Questions

What is the range of an acid on the pH scale? What is an example of a base? What is the relative mass of a neutron? What is the relative mass of an electron? Given an atom, where are the protons located? What is the charge of a neutron? What is considered neutral on the pH scale?

0 - 7 Bleach 1 amus 0 amus Nucleus Neutral 0 or water

Express the exponential number 1.51 x 10^-5 as an ordinary number.

0.0000151

Round off the following to 3 significant digits: 0.04460 g.

0.0446 g

How many significant digits are in the length measurement 0.01 cm?

1

How many significant digits are in the mass measurement 20,000 g?

1

Express 0.0000000000001 as an exponential number.

1 x 10^-13

Express 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 as an exponential number

1 x 10^27

Round off the following to 3 significant digits: 35.35 mL.

35.4 mL

Ethanol boils at 172 degree Fahrenheit. The Kelvin equivalent of this temperature is ___________ K.

351 K

Add 5.0 x 10^4 to 2.0 x 10^3 and express the answer in scientific notation. A. 5.2 x 10^4 B. 2.5 x 10^3 C. 1.0 x 10^3 D. 2.5 x 10^4 E. 5.2 x 10^3

A. 5.2 x 10^4

Name of the aurora found in the southern hemisphere A. Aurora Australis B. Aurora Borealis C. Aurora Centralis

A. Aurora Australis

A planet that has no rings around it is A. Mars B. Jupiter C. Saturn D. Uranus

A. Mars

In 6 minutes, a person running at 10 km/h covers a distance of A. 1000 m B. 167 m C. 600 m D. 1667 m

A. 1000 m

The KE of a 900-kg car whose speed is 16.67 m/s is A. 125 kJ B. 1.62 MJ C. 1.23 MJ D. 12.8 kJ

A. 125 kJ

A 40-kg boy climbs a vertical ladder at 0.5 m/s. His power output is A. 196 W B. 20 W C. 5 W D. 14 W

A. 196 W

The mass of a sack of potatoes whose weight is 200 N is A. 20.4 kg B. 210 kg C. 91 kg D. 440 kg

A. 20.4 kg

Light of which of the following colors has the longest wavelength? A. blue B. yellow C. green D. red

D. red

A good example of an insulator is A. copper B. rubber C. glass D. two of these E. none of these

D. two of these

Name the two types of lens and the type of sightedness it is used to correct.

Diverging )( - Nearsightedness Converging () - Farsightedness

A temperature of -21 degrees C is the same as _____________ degrees F.

-5.8

How many significant digits are in the length measurement 0.010 cm?

2

Round off the following to 2 significant digits: 2252 cm.

2,300 cm

Round off the following to 1 significant digit: 3261 mL.

3,000 mL

How many significant digits are in the mass measurement 10.050 g?

5

Express the exponential number 6.26 x 10^3 as an ordinary number.

6,260

Term for planets found outside our solar system

Exoplanets

Which of the following statements is not true? A. Protons and electrons have equal masses B. the positive charge in an atomic nucleus is due to the protons it contains C. Protons and electrons have charges equal in magnitude although opposite in sign D. All protons have the same charge

A. Protons and electrons have equal masses

A planet with no known satellites is A. Venus B. Jupiter C. Saturn D. Uranus

A. Venus

When a current passes through a resistance, the electric energy that is lost A. becomes heat B. becomes magnetic energy C. disappears D. is returned to the source of the current

A. becomes heat

The Kuiper Belt, which lies outside the orbit of Pluto, is the point of origin of many A. comets B. meteoroids C. asteroids D. gases

A. comets

The particle easiest to remove from an atom is a (an) A. electron B. proton C. neutron D. nucleus

A. electron

When first proposed, a scientific idea is usually called a A. hypothesis B. law C. theory D. model

A. hypothesis

When a liquid freezes to become a solid, A. it releases heat B. it absorbs heat C. the amount of heat stays the same

A. it releases heat

Scientific theories A. must be constantly reviewed to see whether they are in accord with new experimental observations B. represent guesses that have not yet been compared with observational data. C. are summaries of particular experiments D. are laws of nature not subject to revision.

A. must be constantly reviewed to see whether they are in accord with new experimental observations

Type of telescope that does not use visible light to receive images A. radio B. reflector C. refractor

A. radio

Protons and neutrons are held together to form nuclei by the A. strong nuclear force B. electromagnetic interaction C. weak nuclear force D. gravitational interaction

A. strong nuclear force

An example of a wave that is partly longitudinal and partly transverse is a A. water wave B. light wave C. sound wave

A. water wave

What is the difference between AC and DC? State what each means and how they differ from one another.

AC also known as Alternating Current is like a wall socket and has time dependent voltage. DC also known as Direct Current is like a battery and has a constant voltage.

A change from a solid to a gas _____________ heat. A change from a gas to a liquid _____________ heat. A change from a liquid to a solid _____________ heat. A change from a gas to a solid _____________ heat. A change from a solid to a liquid _______________ heat. A change from a liquid to a gas _______________ heat.

Absorbs, releases, releases, releases, absorbs, absorbs

A car starts from rest and reaches a speed of 15 m/s in 10s. Its acceleration is A. 15 m/s^2 B. 1.5 m/s^2 C. 0.67 m/s^2 D. 6.7 m/s^2 E. -1.5 m/s^2

B. 1.5 m/s^2

The half-life of tritium is 12.5 years. If we start out with 1 g of tritium, after 25 years there will be A. no tritium left B. 1/4 g of tritium left C. a total of 4 g of tritium D. 1/2 g of tritium left

B. 1/4 of tritium left

A moose weighing 3 kN is standing still. The force the ground exerts on the moose is A. more than 3 kN B. 3 kN C. more than 0 but less than 3 kN D. 0

B. 3 kN

Multiply 2.505 cm by 1.75 cm by 1.0 cm and round off the answer. A. 4.384 cm^3 B. 4.4 cm^3 C. 4.0 cm^3 D. 4.38 cm^3 E. 4 cm^3

B. 4.4 cm^3

A planet with two satellites is A. Venus B. Mars C. Jupiter D. Saturn

B. Mars

It is impossible to use all the energy in a source to do work. Some of this energy is wasted as A. electrons B. heat C. potential energy D. convection

B. heat

On a moecular level heat is a measure of A. marshmallow energy B. kinetic energy C. potential energy D. momentum

B. kinetic energy

The first law of thermodynamics is the same as the A. first law of motion B. law of conservation of energy C. law of conservation of momentum D. second law of thermodynamics

B. law of conservation of energy

A cool temperature means A. high kinetic energy B. low kinetic energy C. no molecular motion D. none of these

B. low kinetic energy

Planets shine because they A. emits light. B. reflect sunlight C. reflect moonlight D. reflect starlight

B. reflect sunlight

Type of telescope that uses glass optics (lenses) A. radio B. reflector C. refractor

B. reflector

The type of circuit that splits the voltage among the elements is A. parallel B. series C. magnetic D. power E. triangular

B. series

Sound waves travel fastest in A. a vacuum B. solids C. liquids D. gases

B. solids

An object has a positive electric charge whenever A. it has an excess of electron B. the nuclei of its atoms are positively charged C. the electrons of its atoms are positively charged D. it has a deficiency of electrons

B. the nuclei of its atoms are positively charged

Which of the following quantities is always the same to all observers? A. time intervals B. the speed of light C. the speed of sound D. the speed of an object

B. the speed of light

A good conductor is one A. whose electrons are firmly bound in place B. whose electrons are free to move about C. that has no electrons D. that has too many electrons

B. whose electrons are free to move about

All magnetic fields originate in A. permanent magnets B. stationary electric charge C. iron atoms D. moving electric charge

D. moving electric charge

What is the name of the theory for the origin of the universe?

Big Bang Theory

Molecules are, in general, farthest apart from one another in A. liquids B. amorphous solids C. gases D. crystalline solids

C. gases

A 2-kg book is held 1 m above the floor for 50 s. The work done is A. 980 J B. 100 J C. 0 D. 10.2 J

C. 0

On the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at A. 200 F B. 202 F C. 212 F D. 222 F E. 232 F

C. 212 F

Subtract 0.25 g from 31.116 g and round off the answer A. 30.9 g B. 30.866 g C. 30.87 g D. 30.8 g E. 31 g

C. 30.87 g

A beetle travels 80 cm in 15 min. Its average speed is A. 135 cm/h B. 90 cm/h C. 320 cm/h D. 20 cm/h

C. 320 cm/h

After 2.25 hours have elapsed, one-eighth of the original quantity of a certain radioactive compound remains undecayed. The half-life of this compound is _______. A. 15 minutes B. 30 minutes C. 45 minutes D. 60 minutes

C. 45 minutes

The early scientist who described the buoyancy force is known as A. Astral B. Aristotle C. Archimedes D. Aries E. Andromeda

C. Archimedes

Individual responsible for naming the two types of charge (positive & negative) is A. Allesandro Volta B. Copernicus C. Benjamin Franklin D. James Chadwick

C. Benjamin Franklin

Of the following planets, the one with the most satellites is A. Venus B. Mars C. Jupiter D. Neptune

C. Jupiter

When a magnetized iron bar is strongly heated, its magnetic field A. becomes strong B. is unchanged C. becomes weaker D. reverses its direction

C. becomes weaker

Planetary rings A. are thin sheets of rock B. are gas clouds C. consist of small chunks of rock and ice D. are more than 100 km thick

C. consist of small chunks of rock and ice

Of the following particles, the one with the smallest mass is the A. neutron B. element C. electron D. proton

C. electron

Of the following particles, the one with the smallest mass is the A. neutron B. element. C. electron D. proton

C. electron

A stone is thrown upward from a roof at the same time as another, identical stone is dropped from there. the two stones A. have the same speed when they reach the ground B. reach the ground at the same time C. have the same acceleration when they reach the ground D. None of the choices are correct

C. have the same acceleration when they reach the ground

Comets consist largely of A. hydrogen B. iron C. ice and dust D. rocks

C. ice and dust

Ice floats in water because A. it is a solid whereas water is a liquid B. its specific heat is less than that of water C. its density is less than that of water D. it is colder than water

C. its density is less than that of water

In the formula E = mc^2, the symbol c represents the speed of A. the observer B. an object of mass m C. light D. sound

C. light

A fluid can be defined as both a A. liquid and a solid B. solid and a gas C. liquid and a gas D. solid and plasma

C. liquid and a gas

Today, the main influences on the lunar landscape are A. volcanoes B. moonquakes C. meteoroid impacts D. running water

C. meteoroid impacts

Absolute zero may be regarded as that temperature at which A. all substances become solid B. water freezes C. molecular motion comes to a stop D. all gases become liquids

C. molecular motion comes to a stop

A molecule that has lost an electron becomes a A. superconductor B. negative ion C. positive ion D. nucleus

C. positive ion

An atom consists of a A. uniform distribution of positive charge in which electrons are embedded B. uniform distribution of negative charge in which electrons are embedded C. small positive nucleus surrounded at a distance by electrons D. small negative nucleus surround at a distance by protons

C. small positive nucleus surrounded at a distance by electrons

The type of waves responsible for the destruction of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge were A. sound waves B. single waves C. standing waves D trough waves

C. standing waves

If the earth were to spin on its axis slower than it does today, its shape A. would be closer to a perfect sphere. B. would not change but would expand in size. C. would be farther from a perfect sphere. D. and size would be unchanged.

C. would be farther from a perfect sphere

The atoms of the isotopes of a given element have the same number of A. nuclides B. nucleons C. neutrons D. protons

D. protons

The time needed for a car whose speed is 75 km/h to travel 500 m is A. 4.5 min. B. 0.8 min. C. 13 min. D. 0.40 min.

D. 0.40 min.

On the Kelvin scale, water freezes at A. 373 K B. 270 K C. 272 K D. 273 K E. 370 K

D. 273 K

Divide 2 x 10^6 to 5 x 10^-2 and express the answer in scientific notation. A. 4 x 10^-4 B. 4 x 10^3 C. 4 x 10^-2 D. 4 x 10^7 E. 4 x 10^6

D. 4 x 10^7

A ship travels 20 km to the south and the 40 km to the west. The ship's displacement (shortest distance) from its starting point is A. 20 km B. 40 km C. 60 km D. 45 km

D. 45 km

Six kJ of work is used to life an object to a height of 100 m. The object's approximate mass is A. 60 kg B. 600 g C. 600 kg D. 6 kg

D. 6 kg

The number of neutrons in a nucleus A. is more than the number of protons it contains B. is less than the number of protons it contains C. is the same as the number of protons it contains D. Any of the above, depending on the nucleus

D. Any of the above, depending on the nucleus

Relative to what she weighs on the earth, an astronaut visiting another planet A. weighs the same B. weighs more C. weighs less D. Any of these choices, depending on the planet

D. Any of these choices, depending on the planet

Most asteroids lie in a belt between A. Mercury and the Sun B. Earth and Mars C. Earth and moon D. Mars and Jupiter

D. Mars and Jupiter

The tail of a comet A. is constant in size B. always points away from its direction of motion C. always points toward the sun D. always points away from the sun

D. always points away from the sun

A barometer measures A. water pressure B. atmospheric density C. water density D. atmospheric pressure

D. atmospheric pressure

Light of which of the following colors has the highest frequency? A. green B. red C. yellow D. blue

D. blue

Term for the layer of ionized atoms that surrounds the sun, observed during a total eclipse A. prominence B. photosphere C. chromosphere D. corona E. core

D. corona

The term meaning "to work at a distance" is A. electromagnetic field B. electric field C. gravity D. force field

D. force field

When waves go from one place to another, they carry A. energy B. wavelength C. amplitude D. frequency

D. frequency

What distinguishes the scientific method from other ways of looking at the natural world is A. the eternal truth of its laws and theories. B. its replacement of existing laws and theories at regular intervals. C. its reliance on the opinions of expert scientists to decide which laws and theories to believe. D. its reliance on experiment and observation.

D. its reliance on experiment and observation.

Most stars are A. white dwarfs B. giants C. red dwarfs D. main sequence E. binary

D. main sequence

Shape of planetary orbits

Elliptical

The outer planets are (rocky, gaseous)

Gaseous

Term for theory where the Earth is the center of the universe

Geocentrism

Term for the theory where the Sun is the center of the universe

Heliocentrism

The two elements that make up the majority of the Sun's mass

Hydrogen & helium

Explain why something orange appears orange.

If a surface is orange, then it will reflect the color orange and absorb the other colors.

Explain the difference between ionic and covalent bonds.

Ionic bonds can be a positive atom and a negative atom ion. Covalent bonds share electrons

Explain why something black appears black.

It appears black because black surfaces absorb all colors.

Explain why something white appears white.

It appears white because if an object has a white surface, then it will reflect all the colors.

What is lightning and how does it occur?

Lightning is an extremely hot movement of electrons from the earth to the cloud. Lightning occurs due to a negative charge at the base of the cloud. This negative charge is so strong that it pushes negatively charged particles

Do all objects have potential energy?

No

Does true free-fall occus on Earth? Why or why not?

No, because on any object there will be a frictional force brought onto it when air resistance is involved.

List the two major categories of waves and an example for each.

Mechanical waves - Sound and water waves Electromagnetic waves - Radio and light waves

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative?

Qualitative is a descriptive system and quantitative is a numerical system.

Electromagnetic spectrum

Radio waves - Microwaves - Infrared - Visible light - Ultraviolet - X-rays - Gamma rays

The inner planets are (rocky, gaseous)

Rocky

Give an example of a scalar quantity and vector quantity.

Scalar: length Vector: displacement

What is thunder?

Thunder is the result of the heating of the air along the path of a lightning stroke, whose sudden expansion gives rise to intense sound waves.

Discuss the ways transverse and longitudinal waves travel.

Transverse waves travel perpendicular in the direction of the waves. Longitudinal waves travel parallel in the direction of the waves.

Describe a situation in which no work is being done.

When an object is at rest.

What are the four fundamental forces?

a. Gravitational Force b. Electromagnetic Force c. Weak Force d. Strong Force

List the four outer planets.

a. Jupiter b. Saturn c. Neptune d. Uranus

List the four inner planets.

a. Mercury b. Venus c. Earth d. Mars

State a unit of volume in the SI or metric system

cubed centimeter (cm^3)

What unit of power was used to sell steam engines?

horsepower or hp

State a unit of mass in the SI or metric system

kilogram (kg)

State a unit of length in the SI or metric system

meter (m)

Is kinetic energy being positive or negative, only positive, or only negative?

only positive