Physic 20 CH 26-34

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Which of the following isotopes is radioactive?

Carbon-14

The ratio of a photon's energy to its frequency is

Planck's constant

It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle

True

Which of these electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?

X-rays

An element will decay to an element with higher atomic number in the periodic table if it emits

a beta particle

Which light source is more energy-efficient?

a fluorescent lamp

A nucleon is either

a proton or neutron

Which of the following can be projected onto a viewing screen?

a real image

Which of the following cannot travel in a vacuum?

a sound wave

Light travels fastest in

a vacuum

A beam of light travels fastest in

air

Optical fibers are now used by

all of these (surgeons, mechanics, engineers)

An atom that emits a certain frequency of light is

an absorber of the same frequency

The greater proportion of energy immediately converted to heat rather than light occurs in

an incandescent lamp

An atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is

an ion

Radioactivity in the world is something

as old as the world itself

Objects infinitely far away are focused by a converging lens

at the focal point

According to Huygens' principle, every point on a wave

behaves as a source of new waves

If you wish to spear a fish with a regular spear, you should compensate for refraction between the air and water and throw your spear

below the sighted fish

If an alpha particle and a beta particle have the same energy, which particle will penetrate farther into an object?

beta particle

The hottest star is the star that glows

blue

Green light emitted by excited mercury vapor corresponds to a particular energy transition in the mercury atom. A more energetic transition might emit

blue light

Which has more energy per photon?

blue light

In the relationship E = hf for a photon emitted from an atom, the symbol E is used to represent the energy

both of these

Interference colors in a soap bubble give evidence that the soap film

both of these

When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

both of these

A beam of electrons has

both of these (particle and wave properties)

If a light signal and a radio signal were emitted simultaneously from Alpha Centauri, the first to reach Earth would be the

both would reach Earth at the same time

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number

changes, but its mass number remains constant

Refraction causes the bottom of a swimming pool to appear

closer to the surface than it actually is

Energy released by the sun results from the process wherein atomic nuclei

combine

The most harmful radiations are those that

damage living cells

In the Bohr model of hydrogen, discrete radii and energy states result when an electron circles the atom in an integral number of

de Broglie wavelengths

The type of lens that spreads parallel light is a

diverging lens

Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more

electric charge

Consider plane waves incident upon a barrier with a small opening. After passing through the opening, the waves

fan out

Between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, radioactive by-products are more characteristic of nuclear

fission

The energy of a photon depends on its

frequency

Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?

gamma rays

A mixture of cyan and yellow pigments appears

green

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number

increases by 1

Electrical forces inside a nucleus contribute nuclear

instability

Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its

instability

Light behaves primarily as a particle when it

interacts with matter

Colors seen when gasoline forms a thin film on water are a demonstration of

interference

Newton's rings are a demonstration of

interference

Most of the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are

invisible

The nucleus with the most tightly bound nucleons is

iron

In both fission and fusion, mass

is converted to kinetic energy

Uranium-235, uranium-238 and uranium-239 are different

isotopes

Compared to its average speed in air, the average speed of a beam of light in glass is

less

Compared to the mass of a uranium nucleus before splitting, the pieces it splits into have

less mass

According to the uncertainty principle, the more we know about a particle's momentum, the less we know about its

location

Compared to ultraviolet waves, the wavelength of infrared waves is

longer

In the process of fluorescence, the input is high-frequency light and the output is

lower-frequency light

Look at a full-color picture in a magazine with a magnifying glass and you'll see that the inks used are

magenta, cyan, yellow, and black

Light is emitted when an electron

makes a transition to a lower energy level

In the photoelectric effect, the greater the frequency of the illuminating light, the greater the

maximum velocity of ejected electrons

At night an underwater scuba diver aims his flashlight beam toward the surface at an angle of 15 degrees with the normal. Upon emerging, the beam angle will be

more than 15 degrees

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of

neutrons

There is a greater proportion of carbon-14 in

new bones

The atomic mass number of an element is the same as the number of its

nucleons

In the photoelectric effect, the brighter the illuminating light on a photosensitive surface, the greater the

number of ejected electrons

The half-life on an isotope is one day. At the end of three days, how much of the isotope remains?

one-eighth

An atom that absorbs a photon of a certain energy can then emit

only a photon of the same or lower energy

The photoelectric effect best demonstrates the

particle nature of light

Light will not pass through a pair of Polaroids when their axes are

perpendicular

Which experiment best demonstrates the particle-like nature of light?

photoelectric effect

Which of the following is a property of light waves, but not of sound waves?

polarization

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its

protons

Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

push it apart

The source of the Earth's natural heat is

radioactive decay in the Earth's core

An excited atom decays to its ground state and emits a photon of green light. If instead the atom decays to an intermediate state, then the light emitted could be

red

As a solid is gradually heated, the first color to glow is

red

Magenta light is really a mixture of

red and blue light

The colored dots that make up the color on a TV screen are

red, blue, green

The critical angle for a transparent material is the angle at and beyond which all light within the material is

reflected

Compared to the wavelengths of visible light, the wavelengths of matter waves are relatively

small

Which of the following is fundamentally different from the others?

sound waves

Astronomers can tell whether a star is approaching or receding from Earth by

the Doppler effect

Compared to radio waves, the velocity of visible light waves in a vacuum is

the same

How many colors of ink are used to print full-color pictures?

three plus black

Light will almost always travel from one place to another along a path of least

time

When uranium emits a beta particle, the result is a

transuranic element

Light behaves primarily as a wave when it

travels from one place to another.

Light refracts when traveling from air into glass because light

travels slower in glass than in air

Which of the following photons has the greatest energy?

ultraviolet

Fluorescent minerals on display in museums are illuminated with

ultraviolet light

In a breeder reactor

uranium is converted into plutonium

The polarization axes of ordinary sunglasses are

vertical

The highest frequency light of those below is

violet

A mirage occurs for road surfaces that are

warm

When Rutherford had a stream of alpha particles hit a gold foil, most of the particles

went almost straight through

A diver shines light up to the surface of a smooth pond at a 10-degree angle to the normal. Some light passes into the air above, and the part that reflects back into the water makes an angle to the normal of

10 degrees

The half-life of carbon 14 is 5730 years. If a 1-gram sample of old carbon is 1/8 as radioactive as 1-gram of a current sample, then the age of the old sample is about

17,200 years

A certain radioactive isotope placed near a Geiger counter registers 160 counts per second. Eight hours later, the counter registers 10 counts per second. What is the half-life of the isotope?

2 hours

When radium (A = 88) emits an alpha particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

86

When U-238 emits an alpha particle, the nucleus left behind has

90 protons

When U-235 undergoes fission, the two nuclei that result have a total of

92 protons

When U-239 emits a beta particle, the nucleus left behind has

93 protons


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