Physical Development

Consider the 4-bit binary numbers 0011, 0110, and 1111. Which of the following decimal values is NOT equal to one of these binary numbers?

9

Which of the following is an advantage of a lossless compression algorithm over a lossy compression algorithm?

A lossless compression algorithm can guarantee reconstruction of original data, while a lossy compression algorithm cannot.

Consider the following numeric values. Binary 1011 Binary 1101 Decimal 5 Decimal 12 Which of the following lists the values in order from least to greatest?

Decimal 5, binary 1011, decimal 12, binary 1101

A programmer is developing software for a social media platform. The programmer is planning to use compression when users send attachments to other users. Which of the following is a true statement about the use of compression?

Lossy compression of an image file generally provides a greater reduction in transmission time than lossless compression does.

Which of the following is a primary reason for the use of open protocols on the Internet?

Open protocols provide a way to standardize data transmission between different devices.

Assume that applying either of the filters will not change the relative order of the rows remaining in the spreadsheet. Which of the following sequences of steps can be used to identify the desired entry? Select two answers.

Sort by year, then filter by year, then filter by photographer Filter by photographer, then filter by year, then sort by year

Which of the following best explains how the Internet is a fault-tolerant system?

The Internet is fault-tolerant because there are usually multiple paths between devices, allowing messages to sometimes be sent even when parts of the network fail.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the World Wide Web and the Internet?

The World Wide Web is a system of linked pages, programs, and files that is accessed via a network called the Internet.

Which of the following best describes the ability of parallel computing solutions to improve efficiency?

The efficiency of a solution that can be broken down into parallel portions is still limited by a sequential portion.

A camera mounted on the dashboard of a car captures an image of the view from the driver's seat every second. Each image is stored as data. Along with each image, the camera also captures and stores the car's speed, the date and time, and the car's GPS location as metadata. Which of the following can best be determined using only the data and none of the metadata?

The number of bicycles the car passed on a particular day

The figure below represents a network of physically linked devices, labeled A through H. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. What is the minimum number of connections that would need to be removed from the network in order for device A to not be able to communicate with device F?

2

A certain programming language uses 4-bit binary sequences to represent nonnegative integers. For example, the binary sequence 0101 represents the corresponding decimal value 5. Using this programming language, a programmer attempts to add the decimal values 14 and 15 and assign the sum to the variable total. Which of the following best describes the result of this operation?

An overflow error will occur because 4 bits is not large enough to represent 29, the sum of 14 and 15.

A wildlife preserve is developing an interactive exhibit for its guests. The exhibit is intended to allow guests to select the name of an animal on a touch screen and display various facts about the selected animal. For example, if a guest selects the animal name "wolf," the exhibit is intended to display the following information. Classification: mammal Skin type: fur Thermoregulation: warm-blooded Lifestyle: pack Average life span: 10-12 years Top speed: 75 kilometers/hour The preserve has two databases of information available to use for the exhibit. The first database contains information for each animal's name, classification, skin type, and thermoregulation. The second database contains information for each animal's name, lifestyle, average life span, and top speed. Which of the following explains how the two databases can be used to develop the interactive exhibit?

Both databases are needed. Each database can be searched by animal name to find all information to be displayed.

A user wants to save a data file on an online storage site. The user wants to reduce the size of the file, if possible, and wants to be able to completely restore the file to its original version. Which of the following actions best supports the user's needs?

Compressing the file using a lossless compression algorithm before uploading it

A team of researchers wants to create a program to analyze the amount of pollution reported in roughly 3,000 counties across the United States. The program is intended to combine county data sets and then process the data. Which of the following is most likely to be a challenge in creating the program?

Different counties may organize data in different ways.

The figure below represents a network of physically linked devices, labeled A through F. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. Which of the following statements are true about the ability for devices A and C to communicate? Select two answers.

If devices D and F were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C. If devices B and D were to fail, then information sent from device A could not reach device C.

Which of the following is a primary benefit of making a computing system fault-tolerant?

If one component of the system fails, users of the system can often still access it.

Which of the following best explains how messages are typically transmitted over the Internet?

The message is broken into packets. The packets can be received in any order and still be reassembled by the recipient's device.

The following figure represents a network of physically linked devices labeled P through S. A line between two devices indicates a connection. Devices can communicate only through the connections shown. Which of the following statements best explains the ability of the network to provide fault tolerance?

The network is considered fault-tolerant because there are redundant paths between each pair of devices.

A new rechargeable battery pack is available for products that use AA batteries. Which of the following best explains how the data files in the table can be used to send a targeted e-mail to only those customers who have purchased products that use AA batteries to let them know about the new accessory?

Use the products file to generate a list of product IDs that use AA batteries, then use the list of product IDs to search the purchases file to generate a list of customer IDs, then use the list of customer IDs to search the customers file to generate a list of e-mail addresses

A student is creating a Web site that is intended to display information about a city based on a city name that a user enters in a text field. Which of the following are likely to be challenges associated with processing city names that users might provide as input? Select two answers.

Users might enter abbreviations for the names of cities. Users might misspell the name of the city.

A large spreadsheet contains the following information about the books at a bookstore. A sample portion of the spreadsheet is shown below. A Book Title B Author C Genre D Number of Copies in Stock E Cost (in dollars) An employee wants to count the number of books that meet all of the following criteria. Is a mystery book Costs less than $10.00 Has at least one copy in stock For a given row in the spreadsheet, suppose genre contains the genre as a string, num contains the number of copies in stock as a number, and cost contains the cost as a number. Which of the following expressions will evaluate to true if the book should be counted and evaluates to false otherwise?

(genre = "mystery") AND ((1 ≤ num) AND (cost < 10.00))

A student wants to count the number of shows that meet both of the following criteria. Is a talk show Is on Saturday or Sunday For a given row in the spreadsheet, suppose genre contains the genre as a string and day contains the day as a string. Which of the following expressions will evaluate to true if the show should be counted and evaluates to false otherwise?

(genre = "talk") AND ((day = "Saturday") OR (day = "Sunday"))

Which of the following are true statements about the data that can be represented using binary sequences? Binary sequences can be used to represent strings of characters. Binary sequences can be used to represent colors. Binary sequences can be used to represent audio recordings.

1 and 2

A certain computer has two identical processors that are able to run in parallel. The table below indicates the amount of time it takes each processor to execute each of two processes. Assume that neither process is dependent on the other. Process Execution Time on Either Processor P30 secondsQ45 seconds Which of the following best approximates the difference in execution time between running the two processes in parallel instead of running them one after the other on a single processor?

30 seconds

A database of information about shows at a concert venue contains the following information. Name of artist performing at the show Date of show Total dollar amount of all tickets sold Which of the following additional pieces of information would be most useful in determining the artist with the greatest attendance during a particular month?

Average ticket price

Which of the following best explains how fault tolerance in a network is achieved?

By providing multiple paths between devices, enabling routing to occur even in the presence of a failed component

A video game character can face toward one of four directions: north, south, east, and west. Each direction is stored in memory as a sequence of four bits. A new version of the game is created in which the character can face toward one of eight directions, adding northwest, northeast, southwest, and southeast to the original four possibilities. Which of the following statements is true about how the eight directions must be stored in memory?

Four bits are enough to store the eight directions.

A teacher sends students an anonymous survey in order to learn more about the students' work habits. The survey contains the following questions. On average, how long does homework take you each night (in minutes) ? On average, how long do you study for each test (in minutes) ? Do you enjoy the subject material of this class (yes or no) ? Which of the following questions about the students who responded to the survey can the teacher answer by analyzing the survey results? Do students who enjoy the subject material tend to spend more time on homework each night than the other students do? Do students who spend more time on homework each night tend to spend less time studying for tests than the other students do? Do students who spend more time studying for tests tend to earn higher grades in the class than the other students do?

I and II

A computer has two processors that are able to run in parallel. The table below indicates the amount of time it takes either processor to execute four different processes. Assume that none of the processes is dependent on any of the other processes. ProcessExecution TimeW20 secondsX30 secondsY45 secondsZ50 seconds A program is used to assign processes to each of the processors. Which of the following describes how the program should assign the four processes to optimize execution time?

Processes W and Z should be assigned to one processor, and processes X and Y should be assigned to the other processor.

A researcher is analyzing data about students in a school district to determine whether there is a relationship between grade point average and number of absences. The researcher plans on compiling data from several sources to create a record for each student. The researcher has access to a database with the following information about each student. Last name First name Grade level (9, 10, 11, or 12) Grade point average (on a 0.0 to 4.0 scale) The researcher also has access to another database with the following information about each student. First name Last name Number of absences from school Number of late arrivals to school Upon compiling the data, the researcher identifies a problem due to the fact that neither data source uses a unique ID number for each student. Which of the following best describes the problem caused by the lack of unique ID numbers?

Students who have the same name may be confused with each other.

The position of a runner in a race is a type of analog data. The runner's position is tracked using sensors. Which of the following best describes how the position of the runner is represented digitally?

The position of the runner is sampled at regular intervals to approximate the real-word position, and a sequence of bits is used to represent each sample.

The owner of a clothing store records the following information for each transaction made at the store during a 7-day period. The date of the transaction The method of payment used in the transaction The number of items purchased in the transaction The total amount of the transaction, in dollars Customers can pay for purchases using cash, check, a debit card, or a credit card. Using only the data collected during the 7-day period, which of the following statements is true?

The total number of items purchased on a given date can be determined by searching the data for all transactions that occurred on the given date and then adding the number of items purchased for each matching transaction.