Physical Science Chapter 12
Rank them, from largest to smallest, in terms of number of protons in the nucleus.
A B C
How fast does an electron move within an atom?
About 2 million m/s
Which has more potential energy: an electron close to an atomic nucleus or an electron far from an atomic nucleus?
An electron far from the nucleus has more potential energy.
Distinguish between an atom and an element.
An element is made of only one type of atom.
Select the diagrams that show the absorption of energy by electrons to produce an atom with an electron in the excited state.
BCE
What is an accurate conceptual model able to predict?
Landfall of a hurricane
Rank them, from largest to smallest, in terms of number of electrons.
Largest A B C
Consider these atoms: vanadium, V; copper, Cu; and magnesium, Mg. Rank them in terms of their atomic number, from largest to smallest.
Largest Cu V Mg
Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Largest Na Al Si S Ar
Rank from largest to smallest atomic radius. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Largest Po Te Se S O
Rank from largest to smallest diameter. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Largest diameter Beryllium, Boron, Oxygen, Florine
Rank the three subatomic particles in order of increasing mass: (a) neutron, (b) proton, (c) electron.
Least C B A
Is it possible to see an atom using visible light?
No
Atoms contain three subatomic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. Sort each of the items into the appropriate bin. Use the diagram of a neutral lithium atom, shown to the left, for reference.
Proton +1 charge particle labeled "B" approximately the same mass as a neutron Neutron no charge particle labeled "A" Electron -1 charge particle labeled "C" smallest mass of the three particles
Consider these atoms: (a) copper, Cu; (b) neon, Ne; (c) hydrogen, H.
Smallest C B A
If you place a Styrofoam cup on the table and a bunch of BBs move around it randomly, what will happen to the cup, and why?
The cup will move randomly in different directions because the BBs will exert unequal forces on the cup in different directions.
Why did the particles jiggle around?
The particles were struck by atoms, but unequally on different sides.
How do we account for the great variety of substances in the world?
There are many possible combinations of atoms.
List several common transition metals.
Tungsten, platinum, and iron
Is there a limit to the number of electrons that can occupy a single shell?
Yes, because of the wave nature of electrons.
Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following: a gold coin, dollar bill, car engine, air pollution, virus, spread of sexually transmitted disease?
a physical model a gold coin a car engine a virus a conceptual model the spread of sexually transmitted disease an air pollution a dollar bill
What causes an atom to emit light?
an atom emits light when an it is energized by heat or electricity.
Isotopes are identified by their _____
atomic mass number
There are more than 100 chemical elements that are identified in nature. The chemical symbols of the elements are denoted by either one or two letters. For example, the element oxygen is denoted by the letter OO. If the symbol has two letters, the first letter is always capitalized and the second is lowercase. For example, the symbol for the element helium is HeHe. The periodic table is the tabular arrangement of all the chemical elements that have been identified. The elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers and denoted by their symbols. This arrangement places elements of similar properties next to each other in the table. For example, metals are located on the left-hand side and nonmetals are located on the right-hand side. Metalloids (semimetals) are placed between the metals and nonmetals, and have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. Identify the chemical symbols corresponding to each element.
Carbon C Lead Pb Antimony SB Sodium Na Aluminum Al
A chemist classifying five elements determines the following: Element Property S: Sulfur Powdery yellow solid Ag: Silver Shiny solid at room temperature that is also a good conductor of heat and electricity Si: Silicon Semiconductor Ne: Neon Inert gas at room temperature Hg: Mercury Silvery liquid that is used in thermometers and fluorescent lights Use these properties to classify the substances as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals.
Metals Ag Hg Metalloid Si Nonmetals S Ne
Rank from most to fewest valence electrons. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
More valence electrons Xe I Sb In Rb
Which electrons are most responsible for the properties of an atom?
electrons in the outermost shell
About how fast does an electron travel around the atomic nucleus?
electrons travel at very high speeds; millions of m/s
The elements fluorine, chlorine, and bromine are also known as _______
halogens
The atoms that make your body _______.
have existed since the start of the universe
Are most elements metallic, nonmetallic, metalloid, or not yet confirmed?
metallic
An electron, when farther from the nucleus, has _______.
more potential energy
As depicted in the following figure, are gallium atoms really red and arsenic atoms green? (Figure 1) An image of gallium and arsenic atoms obtained with a scanning probe microscope.
no
A unit of light is the _______
photon
What did Robert Brown see under the microscope?
specks of dust moving around
