Physical Science Exam 2

Which is the temperature that is closest to the same numerical value on both the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales?

-40 degree

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that the heat energy supplied to a thermodynamic system minus the work done by the system equals: A. the change in internal energy. B. the temperature change of the system. C. zero. D. the entropy of the system.

A. Change in internal energy

You are able to hear sounds from farther away on a cool night because sound waves are refracted toward: A. cooler air near the ground. B. warmer air above the ground. C. cooler air above the ground. D. warmer air near the ground.

cooler air near the ground

When the trough of one wave collides at the same time and place as the crest of otherwise identical wave, A. constructive interference occurs. B. resonance occurs. C. they don't interact with each other. D. destructive interference occurs.

destructive interference occurs.

Which of the following involves the greatest amount of heat when warming 100 grams of ice?

evaporating the water

A statement that the energy supplied to a system in the form of heat, minus the work done by the system, is equal to the change in internal energy represents the A. law of increasing entropy. B. first law of thermodynamics. C. second law of thermodynamics. D. third law of thermodynamics

first law of thermodynamics

The heat death of the universe is a theoretical time in the future when the universe is supposed to

freeze at a uniform low temperature

When the evaporation rate equals the condensation rate, the space above the liquid is:

saturated

Which thermodynamic law says that you cannot convert 100 percent of a heat source into mechanical energy? A. law of increasing entropy B. third law of thermodynamics C. first law of thermodynamics D. second law of thermodynamics

second law of thermodynamics

Transverse mechanical waves can pass through: A. Solids B. Liquids C. Gases D. All of them

solids

The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1g of a substance 1°C is A. Specific heat B. calorie C. latent heat D. Btu

specific heat

The process by which solid ice vaporizes into the atmosphere without first becoming a liquid is called:

sublimation

A sound that is perceived as twice as loud requires: A. one hundred times the intensity. B. four times the intensity. C. twice the intensity. D. ten times the intensity.

ten times the intensity

The temperature of a substance is defined as A. how hot or cold the substance is. B. the total internal energy of a substance. C. the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance. D. all of these

the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance

The higher the frequency of a sound wave: A. the higher the velocity. B. the longer the wavelength. C. the greater the amplitude. D. the higher the pitch

the higher the pitch

A temperature of Absolute Zero is described as

the lowest temperature possible ( 0 Kelvin)

5.5 kcals of heat are supplied to a 2.0 kg mass of copper (c = 0.093 cal/g°C). The temperature of the copper will increase by:

29.6°C. use formula ∆t = Q / (mc)

What is the average body temperature of healthy humans on the Celsius scale?

37

What is the temperature in °C when a Fahrenheit thermometer reads 98.6°F?

37°C

A wave is moving with a speed of 334 m/s. If the wavelength is 0.639 m, the frequency is A. 0.00192 Hz. B. 213 Hz. C. 334 Hz. D. 523 Hz.

523Hz (v = lambda x frequency)

The laws of thermodynamics are concerned with relationships between which of the following items? (Choose all that apply.) A) Mechanical energy B) Heat C) Work D) Potential energy

A, B, C

The motion of the disturbances in transverse waves, which can travel only through solids, A. is perpendicular to the direction of the wave. B. is parallel to the direction of the wave. C. is both perpendicular and parallel to the direction of the wave. D. depends upon the temperature of the medium.

A.

The three basic quantities used to describe the motion of a vibrating system are: A. amplitude, period, and frequency. B. period, cycle, and amplitude. C. frequency, mass, and period. D. cycle, frequency, and amplitude.

A.

A device that converts heat into mechanical energy is called a ______. A) Heat engine B) Rumford C) Friction machine

A. Heat engine

A heat pump is able to move heat from a cooler region to a warmer region by A. evaporating a refrigerant where you want it cooler, and then condensing it elsewhere. B. supplying energy to move a refrigerant very fast and this makes it cold. C. natural heat flow from cool to warm.

A. evaporating a refrigerant

Adding heat to a substance: A. sometimes does not result in a temperature change. B. None of the answers are correct. C. always results in a temperature increase. D. sometimes results in a temperature decrease.

A. sometimes does not result in a temperature change.

In longitudinal waves, the medium: A. vibrates in the same direction the wave is moving. B. moves in sort of a circular motion. C. doesn't vibrate; the disturbance just moves through the medium. D. vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave

A. vibrates in the same direction the wave is moving.

Conduction, as a method of heat transfer, A. works through the transfer of energy from molecule to molecule. B. is slowed down in your home by the addition of insulation to walls. C. works best in solids. D. All are correct.

All are correct.

The lowest frequency possible in a vibrating string undergoing resonance: A. is the fundamental frequency. B. All of the answers are correct. C. determines the pitch of the musical note sounded. D. has one antinode.

All correct

Sound waves in air: A. are produced by something vibrating. B. are longitudinal waves. C. All of the answers are correct. D. undergo refraction when they pass through warm and cold air.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following assumptions describe the Kinetic Molecular Theory? A. All matter is composed of atoms or molecules that interact physically. B. It explains the various states of matter. C. The temperature of a substance is defined by the average kinetic energy of its molecules. D. All of these.

All of these

The specific heat of a substance A. depends on the amount of material involved. B. is defined as the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 Celsius degree. C. depends on the initial and final temperature of the substance. D. is measured in units of cal or kcal.

B

An elastic material is one: A. that remains deformed after a deforming force is removed. B. that recovers its shape after a deforming force is removed. C. those fractures when a deforming force is applied. D. that remains rigid when a deforming force is applied.

B.

The transfer of heat that occurs when energy moves from molecule to molecule by direct contact is called. A. convection B. conduction C. phase change D. radiation

B. Conduction

Suppose that you hold a vibrating 340 Hz tuning fork near a guitar string that is vibrating at 350 Hz. What you hear is: A. two separate tones of different frequency. B. beats with a frequency of 10 Hz. C. one tone with a frequency of 345 Hz. D. one tone with a frequency of 690 Hz.

B. beats with a frequency of 10 Hz

Can you use a heat pump to provide the temperature difference to run a heat engine? A. No, the heat supplied does not create a large enough temperature difference. B. Yes, but the work generated by the heat engine will be less than the work used to run the heat pump. C. No, heat is not created. D. Yes, because heat engines are more efficient than heat pumps.

B. yes, but the work generated by the heat engine will be less than the work used to run the heat pump.

What is the range of normal human hearing? A. 20 to 2,000 Hz B. 50 to 10,000 Hz C. 20 to 20,000 Hz D. 200 to 120,000 Hz

C

A block of ice is heated using a constant source of heat. The initial temperature of the ice is -10° C. What happens to the temperature and to the physical state of the ice as heat is absorbed? A. The temperature increases as the ice begins to melt. B. The temperature stays the same until the ice starts to melt. C. The temperature increases until it reaches the melting point of ice, 0° C. D. The temperature remains constant as the ice melts. E. C and D are correct answers.

C and D are correct.

In a heat pump, unlike a heat engine, ______. A) work is used to heat a low-temperature region and cool a high-temperature region B) all the heat energy is converted into work C) work is used to cool a low-temperature region and heat a higher-temperature region

C.

Which of the following statements concerning heat transfer by radiation are NOT correct? A. Radiation is energy that moves through space. B. Every object in the universe emits radiation. C. Radiation requires atoms or molecules to transfer heat. D. A hot object emits more radiation than a cool object.

C. Radiation requires atoms or molecules to transfer heat.

For a vibrating spring/mass system, the point where the spring is applying NO force to the mass A. is called the maximum deflection position. B. is the point maximum potential energy. C. is called the equilibrium position. D. occurs at several different points during a cycle.

C. the equilibrium position

On a cold morning, you stand bare footed with one foot on the bathroom tile and the other on the carpet. The bathroom tile "feels" colder because: A. it has a lower temperature. B. there is a better contact between your foot and the tile than your foot and the carpet. C. the tile is a better conductor of heat than the carpet. D. the carpet has a higher temperature.

C. the tile is a better conductor of heat than the carpet.

Based upon the Second Law of Thermodynamics and the direction of natural change, the total entropy (or thermodynamic measure of disorder) of the universe will A. remain the same. B. decrease to zero. C. continue to increase. D. randomly change.

Continue to increase

The form of heat transfer by large scale displacement of groups of molecules that occurs only in liquids and gases is: A. conduction. B. convection. C. radiation. D. condensation.

Convection

Condensation in a longitudinal wave corresponds to what part of a transverse wave? A. amplitude B. trough C. crest D. wavelength

Crest

The Second Law of Thermodynamics is concerned with A. conservation of energy. B. the direction of energy flow. C. the transformation of high-quality energy into lower-quality energy. D. both B and C above.

D. Both B and C

The first law of thermodynamics can be summarized as follows: The heat energy supplied to a system, minus the work done by the system, is ______ the change in internal energy. A) Independent of B) Equal to C) More than D) Less than

Equal to

A liquid at 20ºC is twice as hot as the liquid at 10ºC.

False

A radio playing music at 20 dB intensity is twice as loud as one playing at 10 dB.

False

In resonance, the amplitude of a vibrating source becomes larger.

False

Sound travels faster through cold, denser air than it travels through warm, less dense air

False

Temperature is a measure of the amount of heat stored in a substance.

False

The degrees on the Celsius scale are smaller than degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.

False

The sum of all the energy of the molecules of an object is called the temperature of that object.

False

When you are moving toward a stationary source of a sound, its frequency will seem to be lower than it actually is. T/F

False

Iron heats up more rapidly than does aluminum because it has a greater specific heat.

False higher specific heat = need more time to heat

The amplitude of a wave is the distance between two successive peaks.

False (between peak and equilibrium)

Sound waves moving through air are transverse in shape.

False (light is transverse)

______is the measure of the internal energy that has been absorbed or transferred from one body to another.

Heat

Why are the latent heat of fusion and the latent heat of vaporization said to be hidden?

Heat is absorbed or released, but a temperature change does not take place, so they are "hidden."

Which phase of matter is described as having a fixed volume but a variable shape?

Liquid

Why does a piece of metal feel cooler than a piece of wood at the same temperature?

Metal lose heat rapidly and becomes cooler than wood.

Through which medium will sound travel most rapidly: Steel, water, vacuum, air

Steel

Liquid water at 0°C has to give up energy in order to become ice at 0°C.

True

Molecules are the smallest units of matter with the characteristic properties of a substance.

True

Piano tuners try to reduce the beat frequency between their tuning fork and the wire they are tuning.

True

The collapsing force of a stretched metal spring is proportional to how far it is stretched from its relaxed position. True or False

True

The fundamental frequency of a vibrating string has a length that is ½ the wavelength.

True

The molecules of a gas are much farther apart than molecules in a solid or liquid.

True

The nutritionist's capital "c" Calorie is really a kilocalorie.

True

The period is the time required for one complete cycle of a swinging pendulum.

True

Water turns into rounded droplets on wax paper because its cohesive forces are greater than the adhesive forces.

True

The attractive forces between unlike molecules is called

adhesion

A passive solar home with direct solar gain requires

all of the above

The rate of evaporation of a liquid may be increased by A. increasing the temperature of the liquid. B. decreasing the atmospheric pressure of the liquid. C. uncovering the container. D. increasing the surface area. E. all of the above.

all of the above

The characteristic of a sound wave that you interpret as loudness is related to: frequency. amplitude. wavelength. velocity.

amplitude

The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position of a vibrating mass is the

amplitude

Molecules in a solid: A. have no internal energy because they are not moving around B. transfer heat to their neighbors by a process called convection C. are held in nearly fixed positions by strong attractive forces. D. are harder than molecules in liquids or gases.

are held in nearly fixed positions by strong attractive forces.

Water molecules move back and forth between the liquid and gaseous phases...

at all times.

The basic unit of a matter is the

atom

During a phase change, the latent heat refers to: A. the energy that changes the temperature of the substance. B. the energy that goes into or out of the internal potential energy. C. the energy that does not change the temperature of the substance. D. both B and C above.

both B and C

The heat needed to warm one gram of water one Celsius degree is called a A. calories B. joule C. Btu D. kilocalorie

calorie

The water in a swimming pool is often cooler than the surrounding sidewalk on a sunny day because it

has a higher specific heat.

The motion of the disturbances in longitudinal waves, which can travel through solids, liquids, and gases,

is parallel to the direction of the wave.

When water in the air condenses and forms tiny bubbles on a cold soda can, A. Its temperature rises slightly. B. It absorbs energy from the surroundings. C. It transfers heat to the surroundings. D. Its temperature drops sharply.

it transfers heat to the surrounding.

Resonance occurs at a(an) A. intensity match. B. natural frequency. C. point of destructive interference. D. point of constructive interference.

natural frequency

The time that is required for a vibrating object to complete one full cycle is called: A. wavelength B. period C. amplitude D. frequency

period

The bending of a wave passing through a boundary between two different substances is called: A. reverberation. B. reflection. C. refraction. D. resonance.

refraction

In the equation: Q = mc∆t, the c represents the

type of material (substance)

Longitudinal wave with a frequency above 20,000 Hz are

ultrasonic

Reflected sound waves that are heard within 0.1 s A. undergo a gain in volume. B. make an echo. C. cause interference. D. make a beat.

undergo a gain in volume

Heat is added to a 1.0 kg block of ice at -10°C until the block is completely converted to 1.0 kg of steam at 100°C. The process requiring the greatest addition of heat is the A. increasing of the temperature of the ice to 0°C. B. melting of the ice to water. C. increasing of the temperature of the water to 100°C. D. vaporizing the water to steam.

vaporizing the water to steam

The "touch" sensors our human bodies use to judge temperature operates

very poorly, sensing only heat flow.