Physical Science Final
The diagram shows the location of a pine tree on a grid. The position of the pine tree would be described best by coordinates of:
A. (+3, -2)
A 1,500-kg car accelerates along a flat track to a speed of 20 m/s. How much does its gravitational potential energy increase over the length of the track?
A. 0 joules
In the picture below, a girl is sitting motionless on a swing. What is the net force on the girl
A. 0 newtons
Brandon weighs 600. newtons. What is his mass?
A. 0.0163 kg
Variables like velocity and acceleration that have both size and direction are called
A. vectors
Work may be measured using units of:
A. watts
Which one of the following is NOT TRUE concerning mass and weight?
B. An object at rest has the same mass everywhere, but its weight depends on the strength of gravity where the object is located.
Which of the following is NOT considered a simple machine
B. Electric motor
Which of the following forces is a contact force?
B. Friction
When Kyela pushes off her brother, how do their momentums compare?
B. Her brother has a higher momentum
What happens to the kinetic energy of a moving car if you double the mass of the car?
B. It increases by 2 times
What happens to the potential energy of a car parked at the top of a hill if you double the mass of the car?
B. It increases by 2 times
A mover wants to use his own weight to lift a 450-pound box with a lever and a fulcrum. He weighs 150 pounds. If the output arm is 1 meter long, how long does the input arm need to be?
B. Lever B
While sitting next to a campfire, Kenai noticed several different forms of energy being transformed from the potential chemical energy of the wood. Which form of energy would NOT be present in the campfire?
B. Nuclear
Which point on this position vs. time graph has the fastest speed
B. Point 2
What provides most of Earth's energy for living things and technology?
B. The Sun
All of the following are considered to be simple machines EXCEPT
B. a bicycle
An object moving with constant speed has
B. a net force equal to zero
Which pair of terms are vectors
B. acceleration and force
Even though every action force has an equal but opposite reaction force, they do not cancel one another and motion may still occur because the
B. action and reaction forces are applied to different objects.
On a graph, the numbered line used to describe the value of a variable is known as a(n)
B. axis
According to Graph 12-2, the phase of substance A is most likely
B. b
According to Graph 12-2, which material has the highest density
B. b
In the picture of the crowbar, which letter shows the fulcrum?
B. b
The diagram shows a box being pushed from left to right. Which shows the force of sliding friction on the box
B. b
The measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an object that is submerged is
B. buoyancy
Gears may be combined in a system to
B. change rotating speeds.
Speed that does not change is called
B. constant speed.
When a ball is thrown into the air, the potential energy gained must come from its kinetic energy. As the ball gains potential energy, its speed will
B. decrease
According to Newton's third law, an action reaction pair of forces have
B. different magnitudes in the same direction.
Weight is a force that depends on mass and
B. gravity
Potential energy is energy due to the
B. height of an object
The property of matter that resists changes in motion is
B. inertia
The work output of a machine
B. is always less than the work input.
Energy is measured in
B. joules.
A net force must be applied to an object to do all of the following EXCEPT
B. maintain constant speed
Kinetic energy increases with
B. mass and speed
The equation to calculate momentum is:
B. mass ÷ velocity
The term that means "all of the forces together on an object" is
B. net force
The metric unit of force preferred by scientists is the
B. newton
An extended spring stores
B. potential energy.
The picture below shows 4 forces applied to an airplane. Due to the forces acting on the airplane, the airplane
B. slows down.
On this graph, the dependent variable is
B. speed
The slope of a position vs. time graph is equal to
B. speed
A rocket can fly into space because
B. the rocket pushes the exhaust gases backward, and there is an equal and opposite reaction pushing the rocket forward
Friction between two surfaces transforms energy of motion directly to
B. thermal energy
Efficiency is defined as the ratio of
B. work output to work input
Compared to your weight and mass on Earth, if you were on the moon
B. your weight would be less but your mass would remain the same
Ball bearings decrease friction in rotating motion because
B.they replace sliding friction with rolling friction
Atmospheric pressure is 100,000 N/m2 at sea level. The force exerted on a sheet of plywood 3.00 meters long and 0.750 meters wide on the ground is:
C. 225,000 N
Use the graph to predict the speed of the car when the car is at 60 cm
C. 240 cm/s
If forces A, B and C are equal, the work done by the forces as they are exerted on the box is
C. greatest for force C.
The inertia of an object is related to its
C. mass only
A force of 50 newtons is exerted by a bat on a baseball. The force exerted by the baseball on the bat is
C. more than 50 newtons
Mechanical advantage can be defined as the ratio of
C. output force to input force
If the net force on a moving object is zero
C. the object will change speed.
If large changes in the independent variable cause small changes in the dependent variable
C. the relationship is weak
Your teacher asks you to place the bottle into a displacement tank filled with glycerin. If the bottle floats, you should gently push down until the top of the bottle is even with the surface of the liquid. The volume of glycerin displaced by the bottle is: (Use Table 12-1 and/or the information below the table to answer this question.)
C. the same as the volume of olive oil displaced by the same procedure.
"Forces occur in pairs" is another way of stating Newton's
C. third law of motion
All of the following simple machines are represented in the diagram below EXCEPT
C. wheel and axle.
T/F: In a rope and pulley system, the number of strands supporting the load equals the mechanical advantage.
True
T/F: The unit for power equal to one joule of work divided by one second of time is called a watt.
True
T/F: Work is the form of energy that comes from applying a force over distance
True
Changes in motion come from
A. unbalanced forces
What is the dependent variable for the graph in Figure 4-1A?
B. Age
Batteries are devices that change chemical energy to ____ energy.
C. electrical
Which of the following stores energy?
D. All of the above
If the mechanical advantage of a simple machine is 5, then
A. the input force is 5 times greater than the output force.
A TV repairman has to make a delivery of an old and very heavy television. Instead of lifting it up 1.0 meter into his truck, the repairman makes a ramp out of a board 4.0 meters long. He puts the TV on a wheeled platform and pushes it up the board and into the back of his truck. What is the mechanical advantage of the ramp?
A. 0.25
A boy and the skateboard on which he is standing have a combined mass of 60 kilograms. He throws a 1-kilogram rock forward at 20 m/s. At what speed will the boy roll backward?
A. 0.33 m/s
Calculate the speed of the object from the position vs. time graph shown below.
A. 0.5 m/s
If a machine's maximum power rating is 2,000 watts, what is the fastest time for it to do 1,000 joules of work?
A. 0.5 s
The density of a 14-gram cube of wood measuring 3.0 centimeters on an edge is
A. 0.51 g/cm3
A lever has an input arm 50 centimeters long and an output arm 40 centimeters long. What is the mechanical advantage of the lever?
A. 0.8
When a net force of 2 newtons is applied, the object graphed in Figure 6-2A accelerates at:
A. 1 m/s2
The picture shows all the forces acting on a windsurfer. If the forces are balanced and the windsurfer is traveling at constant velocity, what is the value of force F?
A. 100 N
Jordan lifts a 100-kilogram barbell from the floor to a height of 2.0 meters in 1.5 seconds. The amount of power he generates is about ____ watts.
A. 130
From home, you walk 6 blocks east and then walk 4 blocks west. Your distance from home is
A. 2 blocks
Use Figure 4-1A to choose which of the following would be the best prediction of the avocado tree's height when it is 10 years old?
A. 4.5 m
Jake, who weighs 680 newtons, climbs a 6 meter ladder in 8 seconds. What was Jake's power?
A. 510 watts
Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
A. Electric power plants make energy.
Which of the following would be the best conclusion to draw from the graph below?
A. Height of the rocket increases with air pressure
Below are a few situations in which a rocket malfunctioned, which provided options also suggest a good solution? I) The nosecone was stuck to the bottle, we should loosen the connection II) The nosecone fell off the bottle right before launch, we should build a more secure nosecone III) Parachute seems to get tangled in the nosecone, we should extend the parachute ropes. IV) Our rocket always veers sideways shooting horizontally, we should put more mass on one of the fins.
A. I, II
Which of the following would increase the sliding friction between your foot and the floor
A. Increasing the weight on your foot
Which of the following statements gives the best definition of position
A. It is a variable that gives location relative to an origin.
A ball with a mass of 1 kg is moving in a straight line at the same speed as a ball with a mass of 10 kg. Both balls are brought to rest in 4.0 seconds. What is true of the force required to stop the balls?
A. It takes less force to stop the 1 kilogram ball because it has less inertia.
Which of the following is a form of radiant energy
A. Light
What are the units of mechanical advantage?
A. Newtons
What does Archimedes' principle state?
A. The buoyant force acting on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
A vector, such as force, can be represented by drawing an arrow. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. The length of the arrow indicates the direction of the force.
A book rests on a table. The force of gravity pulls down on the book with a force of 20 newtons. What prevents the book from accelerating downward at 9.8 m/s2?
A. The table presses back up on the book with an equal and opposite force of 20 newtons.
The tires on a car have grooves in them. How do these grooves affect the friction between the tires and the road during wet weather?
A. They increase friction.
The equation that correctly expresses Newton's second law is:
A. force = mass acceleration
The tread on the bottom of your sneakers is designed to
A. increase the friction between your foot and the ground.
When the forces on an object are balanced, we say that the object
A. is in equilibrium
Density is the ratio
A. mass ÷ weight
According to Graph 12-2, the density of substance C is
A. plasma
If the weight of the bottle with the mystery substance inside is 0.250 N, the bottle will: (Use Table 12-1 and/or the information below the table to answer this question.)
A. sink in olive oil but float in glycerin.
The friction force that resists the motion between two surfaces that are not moving is called
A. static friction
A force that resists the motion of an object moving across a surface is called
A. static friction.
When poured into water, glycerol (also a liquid) falls to the bottom of the beaker. Which of the following is a true statement?
B An object that floats in water will always float in glycerol
Which of the following statements about friction is TRUE?
B Friction should always be removed.
If the initial velocity of your rocket is 24 m/s and the time measured from bottom to the top is 1.5 s, what was the average acceleration?
B. -16 m/s2
What is the momentum of a 2000-kg car traveling at 20 m/s?
B. 0.001 kg·m/sec
Brandon and his skateboard together have a mass of 100 kg. How fast will he accelerate on his skateboard if he's pushed forward with a net force of 100 N?
B. 1 m/s2
Kevin jumps straight up in the air to a height of 1 meter. At the top of his jump, he has potential energy of 1,000 joules. Answer the following questions based on these numbers. What is Kevin's weight
B. 1,000 newtons
A 20-kg dog on ice skates is accelerating at 2 m/s2. What is the net force on the dog?
B. 10 N
How much power is necessary to do 50 joules of work in 5 seconds?
B. 10 watts
What is the most work that can be done with 100 joules of energy?
B. 100 J
A tow truck pulls a 2,000-kg car with a net force of 4,000 N. What is the acceleration of the car?
B. 2 m/s2
An electrical water heater raises the temperature of water by adding 8,000 joules of energy to the water in 40 seconds. What is the minimum power required by the water heater?
B. 200 joules
If an elephant has a mass of 2,000 kg, what is her weight on Earth?
B. 204 N
How high would you need to lift a 2-kg bottle of soda to increase its potential energy by 500 joules?
B. 25 m
Janice experiments with two meshed gears. She observes that when she rotates the input gear 5 times, the output gear rotates 15 times. What is the gear ratio of this system?
B. 2:1
What is the momentum of a 0.15-kilogram baseball moving at 20 m/s?
B. 3 kg·m/s
The volume of a 67.2-gram sample of platinum with a density of 21.5 g/cm3 is
B. 3.13 cm3
What is the speed of a jet plane that travels 3,000 meters in 10 seconds?
B. 300 m/s
A rope and pulley system has an input force of 2.5 newtons and an output force of 10 newtons. What is the mechanical advantage of the system?
B. 4
If Kevin's potential energy at the highest point of the jump is 1,000 joules, what is his speed when he leaves the ground?
B. 4.4 m/s
As fuel burns in a jet engine, it releases 40,000 joules of energy. Out of this, only 16,000 joules are available to do work. The efficiency of the engine is ____ percent.
B. 40
A machine does 20,000 joules of work in 50 seconds. What is its power in watts?
B. 400 W
Two identical springs are shown in the picture above. If the first spring exerts a force of 10 N when stretched 10 cm, what is the force exerted by the second spring when stretched 5 cm?
B. 5 N
A bowler lifts her bowling ball a distance of 0.5 meters using 35 joules of energy. What is the mass of her bowling ball?
B. 7 kg
A bowler lifts her bowling ball a distance of 0.5 meters using 35 joules of energy. If, on Earth, a 1.0 kilogram mass weighs 9.8 newtons, the mass of the bowling ball used by this bowler is about:
B. 7 kilograms.
Which of the following is the closest weight in newtons of a 7.0-kilogram bowling ball?
B. 70 newtons
As a box is sliding down a ramp, a 10-N force of gravity is pulling the box down the ramp while a 2-N force of friction acts to stop the box. What is the net force accelerating the box down the ramp?
B. 8 N
A 20.0-gram rectangular block of wood with dimensions of 5.00 cm length, 3.00 cm width, and 2.00 cm thickness is placed in water. The buoyant force on the block is:
C 30 N
When you place the sealed plastic bottle in the tank of olive oil, what is the value for the buoyant force acting on the bottle? (Use Table 12-1 and/or the information below the table to answer this question.)
C. 0.225 N
When you place the sealed plastic bottle in the tank of glycerin, what is the value for the buoyant force acting on the bottle? (Use Table 12-1 and/or the information below the table to answer this question.)
C. 0.308 N
A simple machine has an input force of 10 newtons and an output force of 100 newtons. What is the mechanical advantage of the simple machine?
C. 10
If you do 500 joules of work using a force of 50 newtons, over what distance was the work accomplished?
C. 10 m
If a 75-percent efficient machine produces 7,500 joules of output work, what is the machine's maximum input work?
C. 10,000 joules
A 2.2-kilogram crate is pulled by a 30-newton force over a distance of 5 meters. How many joules of work are done by pulling the crate?
C. 150 J
A rope and pulley system is used to lift a box that weighs 90 newtons. How much force do you need to pull on the rope if the machine has a mechanical advantage of 5?
C. 18 newtons
The efficiency of a modern bicycle is 95 percent. If you exert 200 joules in pedaling a bicycle on level ground, what is the work output?
C. 190 joules
The work output is 500 joules for a machine that is 25 percent efficient. The work output is ____ joules.
C. 2,000
Natalie lifts a 15-kg rock from the ground onto a 1.5 meter high wall. What is the amount of potential energy she has given the rock?
C. 220 joules
Your teacher has given you an opaque plastic bottle that can hold a total of 25.0 mL. The bottle has been filled with a mystery substance and sealed. Use the table and information to answer the following questions. Your teacher instructs you to place your bottle into a displacement tank filled with olive oil. If the bottle floats, you should gently push down until the top of the bottle is even with the surface of the liquid. Approximately how many mL of liquid will be displaced by the bottle if you follow your teacher's instructions? (Use Table 12-1 and/or the information below the table to answer this question.)
C. 25.0 mL
If you stand 50.0 m away from your rocket and measure an angle of 30.0 degrees at its apex. what is the height of the rocket? (hint tan(30)=.5774)
C. 28.9 m
If you measured a different angle and found that the height of your rocket (1.15 kg) was 26.5m, what is its potential energy?
C. 299 J
If an automobile travels at 30. m/s for 2 minutes, how far has the car traveled?
C. 3,600 m
If the average speed of a drag racing car is 0.069 miles per second, how long would it take the car to complete a 1/4 mile (0.25 mile) straight track?
C. 3.6 seconds
What is the kinetic energy of a go-cart with a mass of 150 kilograms and a speed of 20. m/s?
C. 30,000 J
What is the mass of a rock that weighs 49 newtons?
C. 5 kilograms
Roger Federer, Swiss tennis star, hits a 60-gram tennis ball with a force of 3 newtons. The ball accelerates at a rate of
C. 50 m/s2
Robert lifts a 150-newton bucket of water 0.5 meters in 3 seconds. What is the amount of work done on the bucket?
C. 75 joules
An electric food processor uses 250 joules of electrical energy every second. Due to friction and other causes, the energy available to spin the blades to cut food is reduced to 200 joules per second. The efficiency of the food processor is
C. 80 percent
Which of the following is a projectile?
C. A soccer ball rolling across a field.
In the picture of the crowbar, which letter shows the input force?
C. C
Which of the following diagrams shows the force vector -2 N
C. DOWN ARROW
Which of the following use the same units of measurement?
C. Energy and work
What is required to get work out of a machine?
C. Input work
What type of relationship do the variables have in the graph in Figure 4-1A?
C. Inverse relationship
What happens to the energy stored in oil when you use it to heat your house?
C. It is converted to heat energy.
When energy in a system is transformed, what happens to the total amount of energy in the system?
C. It stays the same.
The best way to get data for water volume vs. height would be to
C. Keep all variables constant, change only water volume
On a graph, all of the following directions are normally considered to be positive EXCEPT:
C. Left
A 100-kg astronaut is floating in outer space. If the astronaut throws a 2-kilogram wrench at a speed of 10 meters per second, which best describes her velocity?
C. Less than 10 m/s in a direction opposite to the wrench
What is happening at point C in this speed vs. time graph?
C. Negative acceleration
Which of the following improves the efficiency of a machine?
C. Running it faster
Which of the following rope and pulley systems has the largest mechanical advantage?
C. System C has the largest mechanical advantage.
If each of the barbells in Figure 6-1A were pushed with a force of 100 newtons, which would be harder to move
C. The 30-kg barbell
Which of the barbells in Figure 6-1A has the most inertia?
C. The 30-kg barbell
Cheung pushes on a toy car, and it accelerates at 0.22 meters per second per minute. Carlos pushes on the same toy car with twice as much force as Cheung. Compare the acceleration when Carlos pushes the car to when Cheung pushes the car.
C. The acceleration is twice as much
Kyela and her brother are roller skating. Kyela as a mass of 60 kg and her brother has a mass of 30 kg. Answer the following questions. When Kyela pushes off her brother, how do their accelerations compare?
C. They both have the same acceleration.
The above graph is of the height of an avocado tree plotted against its age from the time it is planted to when it is 8 years old. What is the independent variable for the graph in Figure 4-1A?
C. Type of tree
Energy can be thought of as stored ____.
C. Weight
The equation used to calculate work when force is applied to move an object some distance is
C. Work = distance ÷force
A race car rounds a curve on the track a t a constant speed of 180 mph. Is the car accelerating?
C. Yes, its direction is changing.
The rate at which velocity changes is called
C. acceleration.
Which free-body diagram shows an object that will accelerate?
C. c
In a machine, work output:
C. can be calculated by multiplying output force by output distance.
The density of a solid material depends on two things; how closely atoms or molecules are packed AND
C. ductility of component particles.
A plane flies 200 km West and then flies 300 km South. Its new position is
D. -200km, -300km
A metal bolt tied by string to a spring scale weighs 3 newtons. When the bolt is completely submerged in water, the reading on the spring scale is 2 newtons. The buoyant force exerted by water on the bolt is
D. 1 N
Which of the following is the force needed to make a 1-kg object accelerate at 1 m/s2?
D. 1 newton
If I measure the mass of my rocket to be 295g and I use a water volume of 1000mL, what is the mass(in kg) that I should include in the data table
D. 1.295 kg
A 200-kg rocket accelerates at 50 m/s2. How large is the force required to cause an acceleration of this size?
D. 10,000 N
A 0.6-kilogram basketball balances on the rim of a basketball hoop that is 3 meters high. What is the basketball's potential energy?
D. 18 J
A 60-newton block at rest at the bottom of a frictionless incline plane is pushed up the incline: The amount of work done against gravity is ____ joules.
D. 180
The mass of the object being accelerated in Figure 6-2A is
D. 2 kg
An automobile engine exerts a force of 500 newtons on a car to travel 4,000 meters. What is the amount of work done by the engine?
D. 2,000,000 joules
Running up a flight of stairs, Marita generates 450 watts of power. If it takes her 6 seconds to go up the stairs, the amount of work she does in running up the stairs is ____ joules.
D. 2,700
A rocket sled accelerates from 10 m/s to 50 m/s in 2 seconds. What is the acceleration of the sled?
D. 20 m/s2
An input gear turns 10 times. How many times will the output gear turn if the gear ratio is 20?
D. 200
A 2.0-kg ball rolls down a ramp. If the ball accelerates at a rate of 12 m/s2, the net force causing the acceleration is
D. 24 newtons
At 20.00°C, the density of copper is 8.900 g/cm3. If a section of copper pipe displaces 285.0 milliliters of water when dropped in a displacement tank, what is the mass of the pipe?
D. 2537 g
Jasmine, who weighs 400 newtons, moves up a 5.0-meter climbing wall in 15 seconds. The amount of power generated by Jasmine as she climbs the wall is about ____ watts.
D. 30,000
If you go twice as fast, your kinetic energy becomes
D. 4 times bigger.
Calculate the work needed to push a block with 4 newtons of force a distance of 10 meters.
D. 40 joules
In 1/2 hour, a bicyclist traveled 20 kilometers. What was the bicyclist's average speed?
D. 40 km/h
In your floating clay boat lab, you used a block of clay to create a boat. Which of the following best describes why the boat floated, but the block did not?
D. 400 J
On a vector drawing, Alexi decides to use a scale of 1.0 cm = 2.0 N. The force represented by an arrow 3.5 cm long would be
D. 7.0 N
If a machine's maximum power rating is 2,000 watts, how much work could it do in 40 seconds?
D. 80,000 joules
On the surface of Earth, the force of gravity acting on one kilogram is
D. 9.8 newtons
A graph can be described as
D. All of the above
Speed is
D. All of the above
The diagram below is a free-body diagram picturing a cyclist moving along a highway. 4 forces, represented by arrows A, B, C, and D are acting on the cyclist as she pedals. The arrow that would best represent the normal force is
D. D
Which type of energy does a stretched spring contain?
D. Elastic energy
In which situation would a bicycle rider NOT be accelerating?
D. If her speed decreased.
As the mass of an object is increased, what happens to its inertia?
D. Inertia and mass are not related in any way
The momentum of an object depends on what two factors?
D. Mass and velocity
The type of relationship represented between variables in the graph pictured is
D. No relation
On a 10-speed bicycle, gears increase the mechanical advantage of the bicycle. In which of the following situations would you want the greatest mechanical advantage for the gear system?
D. Stopping suddenly to avoid a crash
The diagram shows two stacks of books of that has a mass of 3 kg and 6 kg. How do their weights compare?
D. The 6 kg stack has twice the weight of the 3 kg stack.
A 0.15-kilogram baseball and a 7.25-kilogram bowling ball are both rolling along at 3 m/s. Which object is easier to stop and why?
D. The baseball because it has less inertia
Match the position vs. time graph with the correct speed vs. time graph
D. d
The measure of how effective a machine is in using energy to do work is called
D. efficiency
Of the following measurements, the one that would be incomplete without giving a direction is
D. force
A lever rotates around a fixed point called a
D. fulcrum
The gear ratio is equal to
D. input direction divided by output direction.
All of the following are units used to measure density EXCEPT
D. kg/N
"Every action force creates a reaction force that is equal in strength and opposite in direction." This statement summarizes Newton's:
D. law of gravitational force.
The efficiency of a machine is usually expressed in
D. percent
In general, the most dense phase of matter on Earth is
D. solid
The force directed along the ropes of a rope and pulley system is called
D. tension
The brakes on an automobile become hot when they are used continuously because:
D. the friction of the brakes causes an increase in potential energy.
Newton's first law of motion is also known as
D. the law of inertia.
When a perfect machine that multiplies force is used
D. the output power must be greater than the input power.
When gasoline is used as fuel in an automobile engine several energy transformations take place. Which of the following statements does NOT agree with the law of conservation of energy?
D.Once the energy in the gasoline is released, it can never be destroyed.
T/F: 746 watts is equal to 1 kilowatt
False, 746 watts is equal to 1 horsepower
T/F: The rate of doing work is called energy
False, The rate of doing work is called power
T/F: The work a machine does for you is called the input work.
False, the work a machine does for you is called output work