Physical Science II Final

Complete the following nuclear equation: 206____ 206 Tl ------> Pb + ?? 81_____ 82

0 e -1

If an element has 9 protons and 10 neutrons and 9 electrons, which expression correctly identifies the element?

19 F 9

How many diatomic molecules are represented in the illustration above?

2

Complete the following nuclear equation: 210________ 0 Bi-------> ?? + e 83________ -1

210 Po 84

Complete the following nuclear equation: _______222__4 ?? ----> Rn + He _______86___2

226 Ra 88

Which of the following nuclear equations correctly describes beta emission?

234 __234_ 0 Th---> Pa + e 90 ___91_ -1

How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

4

The following three boxes represent the number of submicroscopic particles within a given volume of a particular substance at different temperatures. Which box represents the greatest density? Which box represents the greatest temperature? A - Tightly packed particles on left, Loosely floating on right. B - Tightly packed particles throughout. C - Loose particles throughout the box.

A and C

Which type of radiation is being emitted in the following incomplete nuclear equation: 218____214 Po-------->Pb + ?? 84_____82

Alpha

Which type of radiation is being emitted in the following incomplete nuclear equation: 214_____214 Pb--------> Bi + ?? 82______83

Beta

Rank the compounds in order of increasing numbers of atoms: (a) C12H22O12, (b) DNA, (c) Pb(C2H3O2)2. Rank from least to most.

C A B

A skillet is lined with a thin layer of cooking oil followed by a layer of unpopped popcorn kernels. Upon heating the kernels all pop thereby escaping the skillet. Which of the following physical and/or chemical changes occurred? A) The water within each kernel is heated to the point that it would turn into water vapor as the kernels popped (physical change). B) The starches within the kernels are cooked by the high temperatures (chemical change). C) Both A and B occur. D) Physical and chemical changes cannot occur without a real chemical reaction taking place.

C) Both A and B occur.

Which element in the periodic table has the greatest electronegativity?

F

Which element in the periodic table has the least electronegativity?

Fr

For the following balanced equation, which has the highest coefficient? 4 H2 + 2 C → 2 CH4

H2

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HCl + KOH ↔ ???? + H2O

KCl

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what is formed in the space marked. HF + KOH ↔ ???? + H2O

KF

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO3 + KOH ↔ ???? + H2O

KNO3

For the following acid-base reaction, identify which salt is formed. HCl + NaOH ↔ ???? + H2O

NaCl

For the following balanced reaction, which of the following is a solid? 2 Na(l) + Cl2(g) → 2 NaCl(s)

NaCl

Which of the following nuclear equations correctly describes alpha emission?

None of the above

How many nonbonding pairs of electrons are in the following molecule? H-H a) 0 pairs b) 6 pairs c) 8 pairs d) 1 pair e) none of the above

a) 0 pairs

How might the spectrum of an atom appear if its electrons were not restricted to particular energy levels? a) A broad spectrum of all colors would be observed. b) It would appear nearly the same as it does with the energy level restrictions. c) The frequency of the spectral lines would change with temperature. d) There would be no frequencies within the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

a) A broad spectrum of all colors would be observed.

Is an ionic compound an example of a chemical compound, or is a chemical compound an example of an ionic compound? a) An ionic compound is an example of a chemical compound. b) A chemical compound is an example of an ionic compound. c) Neither is an example of the other. d) Each is an example of the other.

a) An ionic compound is an example of a chemical compound.

The element bromine, Br (atomic number 35), has two major isotopes of similar abundance, both around 50 percent. The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as 79.904 atomic mass units. Choose the most likely set of mass numbers for these two bromine isotopes. a) Br-79, Br-81 b) Br-80, Br-81 c) Br-79, Br-80 d) Br-78, Br-80

a) Br-79, Br-81

Which of the following compounds has polar covalent bonds? a) H2O b) CsF2 c) Ne d) S8 e) CH4

a) H2O

Why is the freezing of water considered to be a physical change? a) In this process the chemical composition of the substance does not change. Water and ice consist of the same molecules. b) This process involves a rearrangement of the way atoms are bonded. Water and ice are two different materials, each consisting of a different arrangement of atoms. c) None of the above.

a) In this process the chemical composition of the substance does not change. Water and ice consist of the same molecules.

Which of the following molecules contains an ionic bond? a) MgCl2 b) PO4-3 c) Cl2 d) SF3 e) none of the above

a) MgCl2

Which elements tend to form covalent bonds? a) Nonmetallic elements (including hydrogen), with the exception of the noble-gas elements, tend to form covalent bonds. b) Elements that are found on the left side of the periodic table tend to form covalent bonds. c) Metallic elements tend to form covalent bonds. d) Elements that are found on opposite sides of the periodic table tend to form covalent bonds.

a) Nonmetallic elements (including hydrogen), with the exception of the noble-gas elements, tend to form covalent bonds.

Which molecule is most polar? a) O=C=S b) O=C=O c) S=C=S d) These all have the same polarity.

a) O=C=S

Which of the following statements best describes the role of neutrons in the nucleus? a) The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by attracting other nucleons. b) The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by adding mass. c) The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by attracting protons. d) The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by forming bonds with other neutrons. e) The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by balancing charge.

a) The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by attracting other nucleons.

Why is the rusting of iron considered to be a chemical change? a) This process involves a rearrangement of the way atoms are bonded. Iron and rust are two different materials, each consisting of a different arrangement of atoms. b) In this process the chemical composition of the substance does not change. Iron and rust consist of the same molecules. c) None of the above.

a) This process involves a rearrangement of the way atoms are bonded. Iron and rust are two different materials, each consisting of a different arrangement of atoms.

If three samples have the half-lives listed below, which sample would remain radioactive the longest? a) a sample with a half-life of 20 million years b) a sample with a half-life of 20 years c) a sample with a half-life of 20 hours d) a sample with a half-life of 20 minutes e) none of the above

a) a sample with a half-life of 20 million years

An atom loses an electron to another atom. Is this an example of a physical or chemical change? a) chemical change involving the formation of ions b) physical change involving the formation of positive ions c) physical change involving the formation of negative ions d) chemical change involving the formation of neutral atoms

a) chemical change involving the formation of ions

Radioactivity is a tendency for an element or a material to a) emit radiation. b) radiate heat. c) emit light. d) emit electrons. e) glow in the dark.

a) emit radiation.

Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block the following form of radiation? gamma a) lead suit b) suntan lotion c) thick leather d) T-shirt e) none of the above

a) lead suit

Which occupies the greatest volume−-1 gram of ice, 1 gram of liquid water, or 1 gram of water vapor? a) 1 gram of liquid water b) 1 gram of water vapor c) 1 gram of ice

b) 1 gram of water vapor

Boron has primarily two isotopes, one with an atomic mass of 11 amu and another with an atomic mass of 10 amu. If the abundance of the boron atom with a mass of 11 amu is 18.9 percent and the abundance of the other isotope is 81.1 percent, what would be the average mass of the boron atom? a) 10.81 amu b) 10.19 amu c) 10 amu d) 11 amu e) not enough information given

b) 10.19 amu

The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons does this iron atom have? a) 24 b) 26 c) 52 d) none

b) 26

An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0 percent of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 atomic mass units and the other 20.0 percent have an atomic mass of 82.00 atomic mass units, what is the atomic mass of the element? a) 81.6 atomic mass units b) 80.4 atomic mass units c) 64.0 atomic mass units d) 16.4 atomic mass units e) 81.0 atomic mass units

b) 80.4 atomic mass units

An atom absorbs or emits only particular frequencies of light. White light bends into a glass prism and separates into a rainbow of colors. In which of these two scenarios does the electromagnetic radiation behave as a wave? As a particle? a) Both absorption and bending of light show wave behavior. b) Absorption of light shows particle behavior while bending of light shows wave behavior. c) Both absorption and bending of light show particle behavior. d) Absorption of light shows wave behavior while bending of light shows particle behavior

b) Absorption of light shows particle behavior while bending of light shows wave behavior.

Which atom is smallest? a) Mg b) Be c) Sr d) Ca e) All are the same size.

b) Be

Which of the following elements are in the same period as magnesium (Mg)? a) Sr b) Cl c) Ca d) Mn e) none of the above

b) Cl

Which of the following elements will most likely form an ion with a +1 charge? a) Al b) Na c) Mg d) Si e) Cl

b) Na

What happens to the chemical identity of a substance during a physical change? a) The chemical identity of a substance changes during a physical change. b) The chemical identity of a substance does not change during a physical change. c) The chemical identity of a substance changes during certain physical changes.

b) The chemical identity of a substance does not change during a physical change.

What chemical change occurs when a wax candle burns? a) The wax near the flame melts. b) The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules. c) The molten wax is pulled upwards through the wick. d) The wax within the wick is heated to about 600°C.

b) The heated wax molecules combine with oxygen molecules.

Why is it so easy for a magnesium atom to lose two electrons? a) There are lots of electron-electron repulsions that go on within the valence shell. b) These two electrons are well shielded from the nuclear charge. c) These two electrons are found relatively far from the nucleus. d) The nuclear charge of the magnesium atoms is relatively weak.

b) These two electrons are well shielded from the nuclear charge.

Which of the following is a pure substance? a) orange juice b) baking soda c) cooking oil d) duct tape e) salt water

b) baking soda

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus of which element remains? a) nitrogen-12 b) carbon-12 c) neon-18 d) carbon-14

b) carbon-12

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? a) breaking a glass window b) gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust c) a piece of metal expanding when heated, but returning to original size when cooled d) water freezing into ice crystals e) aftershave or perfume on your skin generating a smell

b) gasoline being used in the engine of a car producing exhaust

Which of the following describes a nonmetal? a) malleable b) poor conductor of electricity c) shiny d) good conductor of heat e) ductile

b) poor conductor of electricity

Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block the following form of radiation? alpha a) lead suit b) suntan lotion c) thick leather d) T-shirt e) none of the above

b) suntan lotion

Which of the following would be considered a homogeneous mixture? a) pretzel b) wine c) hydrogen cyanide d) sugar e) rusty iron

b) wine

If a neutral atom loses one electron, what is the electrical charge of the atom? a) +2 b) -2 c) +1 d) -1 e) neutral

c) +1

How many chloride ions (Cl-1) are needed to balance the positive charge of a barium ion (Ba+2)? a) 3 b) -1 c) 2 d) 1 e) -2

c) 2

How many atoms of Oxygen (O) are in H3OClO4? a) 1 b) 2 c) 5 d) 7 e) 3

c) 5

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? fluorine-19 a) 10 b) 19 c) 9 d) 11 e) none of the above

c) 9

Which of the following elements are in the same group as silicon (Si)? a) P b) As c) C d) B e) none of the above

c) C

Distinguish between mass number and atomic mass. a) Atomic mass and mass number are the same quantities. b) Atomic mass is the number of nucleons in an isotope. Mass number, expressed in atomic mass units, is the average mass of the element's various isotopes. c) Mass number is the number of nucleons in an isotope. Atomic mass, expressed in atomic mass units, is the average mass of the element's various isotopes. d) Mass number is the number of neutrons in an isotope. Atomic mass, expressed in atomic mass units, is the total mass of an atom.

c) Mass number is the number of nucleons in an isotope. Atomic mass, expressed in atomic mass units, is the average mass of the element's various isotopes.

Which bond is most polar? a) H-N b) N-C c) O-H d) C-C

c) O-H

How do the electron-dot structures of elements in the same group in the periodic table compare with one another? a) The electron-dot structures of elements in the same group (with the exception of helium) have the same number of valence electrons, but differ in the number of paired valence electrons. b) The electron-dot structures of elements in the same group differ from one another by the number of valence electrons. c) The electron-dot structures of elements in the same group (with the exception of helium) have the same number of valence electrons and the same number of paired valence electrons. d) None of the above.

c) The electron-dot structures of elements in the same group (with the exception of helium) have the same number of valence electrons and the same number of paired valence electrons.

In terms of the periodic table, is there an abrupt or gradual change between ionic and covalent bonds? a) There is an abrupt change that occurs across the metalloids. b) Actually, any element of the periodic table can form a covalent bond. c) There is a gradual change: the farther apart, the more ionic. d) Whether an element forms one or the other depends on nuclear charge and not the relative positions in the periodic table.

c) There is a gradual change: the farther apart, the more ionic.

How would you classify the following material? coffee (black) a) a suspension b) a heterogeneous mixture c) a solution d) an element e) a compound

c) a solution

Which of the following would be a negative ion with a single charge? a) an atom with 12 protons and 11 electrons b) an atom with 10 protons and 12 electrons c) an atom with 11 protons and 12 electrons d) an atom with 11 protons and 11 electrons e) none of the above

c) an atom with 11 protons and 12 electrons

Which type of radiation-alpha, beta, or gamma-results in the least change in atomic number? a) alpha radiation b) beta radiation c) gamma radiation d) They all result in the same change in atomic mass number.

c) gamma radiation

The elements fluorine, chlorine, and bromine are also known as a) Alkali metals. b) Noble gases. c) halogens d) Chalcogens.

c) halogens

If you filter sea water to remove all of the particles you would be left with a clear a) homogeneous mixture called a suspension. b) pure liquid. c) homogeneous mixture called a solution. d) heterogeneous mixture called a suspension. e) heterogeneous mixture called a solution.

c) homogeneous mixture called a solution.

Which of the following elements will most likely be shiny and flexible? a) hydrogen (H) b) silicon (Si) c) rhodium (Rh) d) selenium (Se) e) iodine (I)

c) rhodium (Rh)

Which of the following would be considered a heterogeneous mixture? a) vegetable oil b) water c) salad dressing d) milk e) vinegar

c) salad dressing

Which of the following provides the minimum amount of protection you need to block the following form of radiation? beta a) lead suit b) suntan lotion c) thick leather d) T-shirt e) none of the above

c) thick leather

If a neutral element has the following chemical notation, how many electrons does it have? carbon-13 a) 12 b) 13 c) 7 d) 6 e) none of the above

d) 6

The isotope lithium-7 has a mass of 7.0160 atomic mass units, and the isotope lithium-6 has a mass of 6.0151 atomic mass units. Given the information that 92.58 percent of all lithium atoms found in nature are lithium-7 and 7.42 percent are lithium-6, calculate the atomic mass of lithium, Li (atomic number 3). a) 13.031 amu b) 6.495 amu c) 7.0160 amu d) 6.942 amu

d) 6.942 amu

What does a spectroscope do to the light coming from atoms? a) A spectroscope selectively transmits the particular color components of the light and absorbs others. b) A spectroscope mixes the particular color components of the light coming from different atoms, producing white light. c) A spectroscope selectively reflects the particular color components of the light and absorbs others. d) A spectroscope separates the light into its color components.

d) A spectroscope separates the light into its color components.

Which of the following diagrams best represents the size of the atomic nucleus relative to the size of the atom? a) A b) B c) C d) D

d) D - Empty Circle

Magnesium ions carry a 2+ charge, and chloride ions carry a 1- charge. What is the chemical formula for the ionic compound magnesium chloride? a) Mg2Cl2 b) Mg2Cl c) MgCl d) MgCl2

d) MgCl2

What it the main difference between an ionic and a covalent bond? a) The electrons are traded between the two atoms and this keeps the atoms close. b) Both bonds are the same, but named different to describe different atoms involved. c) One involves electrons, the other does not involve any electrons. d) One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron. e) The electrons in both types of bonding undergo an exchange.

d) One is the sharing of a pair of electrons, the other is the transfer of at least one electron.

Which contributes more to an atom's mass: electrons or protons? Which contributes more to an atom's size? a) Protons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom. b) Electrons contribute more to an atom's mass while protons contribute more to its size. c) Electrons contribute more to both the mass and size of an atom. d) Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.

d) Protons contribute more to an atom's mass while electrons contribute more to its size.

What does the following element description actually mean? 18 O 6 a) 6 oxygen atoms with 18 neutrons b) 18 oxygen molecules with 6 neutrons each c) an oxygen atom with 6 neutrons and 12 protons d) an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons e) none of the above

d) an oxygen atom with 6 protons and 12 neutrons

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule because the germanium would a) become radioactive. b) expand and likely lodge in your throat. c) have a change in flavor. d) become arsenic.

d) become arsenic.

Which of these properties describes a metal? a) brittle b) fragile c) transparent d) conducts heat very well e) doesn't conduct electricity very well

d) conducts heat very well

How would you classify the following material? swimming pool water a) heterogeneous mixture b) a pure element c) a pure compound d) homogeneous mixture e) depends on how many children have been in it

d) homogeneous mixture

When blue food coloring is stirred into water, the result is a a) pure liquid. b) heterogeneous mixture called a suspension. c) homogeneous mixture called a suspension. d) homogeneous mixture called a solution. e) heterogeneous mixture called a solution.

d) homogeneous mixture called a solution.

What does the following element description actually mean? iron-57 a) iron with 57 neutrons b) 57 iron atoms c) iron with 57 protons d) iron with a mass number of 57 e) iron with an atomic number of 57

d) iron with a mass number of 57

Which of the following elements is an alkali metal? a) lead (Pb) b) indium (In) c) cerium (Cr) d) lithium (Li) e) argon (Ar)

d) lithium (Li)

Which of the following would not be considered a physical property? a) conductivity b) hardness c) temperature at which a material melts d) temperature at which a material catches on fire e) color

d) temperature at which a material catches on fire

When the isotope bismuth-213 emits an alpha particle, what new element results? a) platinum b) polonium c) lead d) thallium

d) thallium

How many valence electrons does bromine (Br, atomic no. = 35) have? a) 1 b) 21 c) 28 d) 35 e) 7

e) 7

How many covalent bonds would the following atom usually form? . X . a) 6 b) 2 c) 4 d) 1 e) It would tend to form ionic bonds.

e) It would tend to form ionic bonds.

Which atom is largest? a) K b) Li c) H d) Na e) Rb

e) Rb

The following statement describes which subatomic particle best? It is a nucleon. a) an electron b) a proton c) a neutron d) an electron and a proton e) a proton and a neutron

e) a proton and a neutron

Which of the following would be considered a chemical property? a) flexibility b) boiling temperature c) melting temperature d) conductivity e) reactivity towards water

e) reactivity towards water

Which of the following elements is a transition metal? a) xenon (Xe) b) chlorine (Cl) c) lead (Pb) d) lithium (Li) e) silver (Ag)

e) silver (Ag)

Which of the following is an example of a physical change? a) water being electrolyzed and being converted in hydrogen and oxygen b) iron metal reacting with oxygen to form rust c) a candy bar being digested by a student d) charcoal being converted into ash e) water boiling and being converted into steam

e) water boiling and being converted into steam

How many covalent bonds would the following generic atom usually form? .. :X: .. a) 2 b) 4 c) 1 d) 8 e) would usually not form any covalent bonds

e) would usually not form any covalent bonds