Physical Science

A ratio is ______.

a relationship between two numbers that is obtained when one number is divided by another number

A unit is _____.

a well-defined and agreed-upon referent

Time measurements formerly were based on Earth's rotation in a day but later became based on a high-precision device known as a(n) _____.

atomic clock

Scientists tend to ______. (Mark all that apply.)

be healthy skeptics pay close attention to detail

Using metric prefixes, if a meter were divided into 100 equal-sized subunits, a single unit would be called a ----

centimeter

Properties of an object include its ______. (Mark all that apply.)

characteristics attributes qualities

Measurements are useful in sharing descriptions of an object because they _____.

compare a property of an object to a well-defined and agreed-upon referent

A(n) ---- of an object is an idea of what it is, in general, or what it should be according to your idea.

concept

How you consider time is an example of your ---- of an intangible idea.

concept

If you were to form a mental image of an object, this is considered your ______ of that object.

concept

Scientists look for _______ to determine whether or not experimental results are acceptable. (Mark all that apply.)

consistency of results through replicate experiments validity of results, meaning that the results fit with other knowledge,

Measurement information used to describe objects or processes is called ----

data

Measurement information used to describe objects, conditions, events, or changes that might be occurring is called ____.

data

Equations are used to ______. (Mark all that apply.)

define a concept describe how quantities change relative to each other describe a property

---- is the ratio of mass per unit volume.

density

Mass per unit volume is defined as the ______ ratio.

density

The amount of food consumed by someone is likely _____ to their gain in weight.

directly proportional

Length is a measurement of ______.

distance

In an equation, quantities on one side of the equal sign are ______ the quantities on the other side.

equal to

A(n) ---- is a re-creation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis.

experiment

A scientific investigation provides understanding through ______, while ancient natural philosophers achieved understanding through _____.

experimental evidence; reasoning

Models are needed to ______.

give a mental picture of something in nature that is either too small or too large to be visible to the human eye

Standard units are usually defined and established by _____.

governments and their agencies

Weight is the measure of the force of ______ on an object.

gravity

As a result of scientific work being very public and subject to review by peers, scientists tend to be ______.

honest

Replicability of an experiment _____.

is important in deciphering the reliability of the results

The symbol for a proportionality constant is usually ___.

k

Mass is defined, under the metric system, by the standard unit of the ----

kilogram

The ______ of an object is a measure of the inertia of the object.

mass

One cubic centimeter has a ______. (Choose all that apply.)

mass of 1 gram volume of 1 milliliter

Quantities are ________.

measured properties

The ---- process has three steps: comparing the referent unit to the property being described; following a procedure that specifies how the comparison should be made; and counting how many standard units describe the property.

measurement

If you wanted to use numerically specific units to describe the size of a box, you would use _____.

measurements of length, width, and height

A(n) ---- is a description of a theory or idea that accounts for all known properties.

model

People in the distant past who sought understanding of the world around them through observation, thought, writing, and reasoning are referred to as ______.

natural philosophers

The meter is subdivided into 10 equal-sized subunits called decimeters because deci- stands for "_____."

one-tenth of

The symbol for density is ___.

p

A scientific law and a scientific principle are similar in that they both describe _____. (Select all that apply.)

physical phenomena observable relationships

Fundamental properties are _____.

properties that cannot be defined in simpler terms

A(n)______ allows you to make a proportionality statement that is unequal into an equation.

proportionality constant

---- is a deceptive practice that uses the appearance or language of science to convince, confuse, or mislead people into thinking that something has scientific validity when it does not.

pseudoscience

If someone claims a certain supplement is necessary to improve your health or can lessen your chance of getting a disease using scientific language but no actual testing, this is known as ____.

pseudoscience

The symbol m represents a ______ of mass that is specified by a number and a unit: for example, 16 g.

quantity

A(n) ---- is a relationship between two numbers obtained when one number is divided by another number.

ratio

An experiment is a(n) _____.

re-creation of an event or occurrence in a way that enables a scientist to support or disprove a hypothesis

If I were to state that the object I am looking at is sky blue, the ---- for the color blue is the sky, because I am using a familiar object to refer to a given property of an object.

referent

A ______ describes historic schemes of thought that have survived the test of detailed examination for long periods of time.

scientific theory

The atomic theory, which was developed in the late 1800s and has been the subject of extensive investigation and experimentation over the last century, qualifies as a _____.

scientific theory

What is the standard unit for time?

seconds

The properties of an object are the effects the object has on your ________.

senses

The symbol ρ for mass density comes from _____.

the Greek alphabet

Some of the sources for symbol names are ____. (Mark all that apply.)

the first letter of the word the symbol represents (either an uppercase or lower case letter) letters from the Greek alphabet

Physical scientists aim to make sense out of ___________.

the physical enviornment

Conjecture differs from theory in that ______.

theories have extensive experimental evidence and conjectures do not

The word referent means that you ______.

think of a given property in terms of another, more familiar object

A well-defined and agreed-upon referent that is used as a standard is called a(n) ----

unit

Standard units are _____.

units of measurement usually defined by governments and their agencies, making it possible to duplicate measurements

The term ---- refers to a specific quantity of an object or event that can have different values.

variable

If given a value of 27 cm3 for a cube, that value is considered a measurement of ______.

volume

The measure of the force of gravity on an object is its ----

weight

In the following equation, which value is representative of a numerical constant: A = πr2?

π

Which of the following are steps in the measurement process? (Select all that apply.)

-Following a procedure or operation that specifies how the comparison is made -Comparing the referent unit to the property being described -Counting how many standard units describe the property being considered

What is the International System of Units (SI)?

A modernized version of the metric system

What three separate activities seem to be common to scientists in different fields as they conduct scientific investigations?

Collecting observations Developing explanations Testing explanations

If you wanted to convey information regarding weather and temperature in a way that everyone could understand, which measurement would you most likely use?

Degrees

True or false: A concept must be a tangible item.

False

True or false: The International System of Units (SI) is a system of measurement developed by the United Nations.

False

True or false: Using measurements leads to vague descriptions.

False

Which of the following examples would require a numerical constant? (Select all that apply.)

Finding the area of a circle Finding the distance traveled by a moon in one day

Which of the following statements is true about a controlled experiment?

It compares two situations in which all the influencing factors are identical except one.

In the metric system, what is the unit for length?

Meter

How could you measure the surface area of a cube?

One would multiply the height and length of one side and then multiply by six.

Which of the following are variables? (Select all that apply.)

Rate of your heartbeat Your weight

Which of the following steps would you do first in order to solve a problem?

Read through the problem and make a list of all the variables with their symbols on the left side of the page, including the unknown.

Which of the following would qualify as phenomena a physical scientist would study? (Mark all that apply.)

The Sun A moving automobile A glass of water

Which of the following are characteristics of a controlled experiment? (Mark all that apply.)

There is an experimental group where a single influencing factor is allowed to be different. There is a control group where all influencing factors are kept stable.

Which of the following statements are correct about scientific hypotheses? (Select all that apply.)

They are experiment-derived explanations. They are tentative thoughts.

What did some of the ancient natural philosophers achieve? (Select all that apply.)

They suggested the idea of matter being composed of atoms. They developed the concept of basic components (i.e., elements making up matter).

True or false: For a hypothesis to be valid, it must be supported by either testing or observation.

True

Which of the following is not a fundamental property?

Volume