Physical Science Survey Final Exam

What is the acceleration of a car that maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/h for 10 s?

0 m/s2

A 1-kg mass at Earth's surface weighs about

10 N

It would be easier to pull evacuated Magdeburg hemispheres apart when they are

20 km above the ocean surface

Consider a piece of metal that is at 5°C. If it is heated until is has twice the thermal energy, its temperature will be

283°C

Consider a piece of metal that is 10°C. If it is heated until it has twice the thermal energy, its temperature will be

293°C

A wave oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second. If the wave travels an average distance of 6 m in 1 s, its wavelength is

3 m

When 100 J of heat is added to a system that performs 60 J of work, the thermal energy change of the system is

40 J

What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface?

500 N

Which star will emit the shortest wavelength of its peak frequency?

A blue star

A step-up transformer increases: A.) Neither of these B.) Power C.) Energy D.) Both of these

A.) Neither of these

The principal advantage of AC power over DC power is that

AC power can be transformed via conventional transformers

What aspect of Titan may hold clues as to what Earth was like before life arose here?

An intriguing soup of organic molecules

When a bar magnet is broken in two as shown, each piece is

At best, half as strong as the original magnet

Why do comet's tails always point away from the Sun?

Because of radiation pressure

If you wish to spear a blue fish with a red laser beam, you should compensate for refraction between the air and water by aiming your laser

Below the sighted fish

A heavy and a light object released from the same height have equal A.) Momenta B) Energies C.) None of these D.) Weights E.) All of these

C.) None of these

Which of the following is NOT a transverse wave? A.) Radio B.) Light C.) Sound D.) All E.) None

C.) Sound

What is the primary component of Venus' atmosphere

CO2

An ampere is a unit of electrical

Current

A conductor differs from an insulator in that a conductor A.) Has more protons than electrons B.) Has more electrons than protons C.) Has more energy than an insulator D.) None of these E.) Has faster moving molecules

D.) None of these

A skydiver jumps from a high-flying place. As her velocity of fall increases, her acceleration

Decreases

Which force field can increase a moving electron's speed?

Electric field

Whereas Aristotle relied on logic in explaining nature, Galileo relied on

Experiment

What is generally the range of a star's hydrogen burning lifetime

From a few million to 50 billion years

Alternating current is normally produced by a

Generator

Most of the atoms in the universe are thought to be

Hydrogen

As a star undergoes collapse, its rate of rotation

Increases

If you are carrying a heavy bag of groceries and bang your hand against the wall, the concept that most explains why you are hurt is

Inertia

The amount of light transmitted from an incandescent lamp that is transmitted through an ideal Polaroid filter is half, and through a real Polaroid filter is

Less than half

The Doppler effect is characteristic of

Light, sound, and water waves

The air in this room has

Mass, energy, and weight

What does an object have when moving that is doesn't have at rest?

Momentum

The Earth rotates about its axis once per 24 hours, while the Moon rotates about its axis once per

Month

Alcohol is less dense than water. If alcohol is used to make a barometer on a day when atmospheric pressure is normal, the height of the alcohol column would be

More than 10.3 m

An Earth satellite is in an elliptical orbit. The satellite travels fastest when it is

Nearest the Earth

How far is a light year?

Nearly 10 trillion km

The impulse-momentum relationship is a direct result of

Newton's second law

Light will not pass through a pair of Polaroids when their axes are

Perpendicular.

The intensity of cosmic rays bombarding the Earth's surface is largest at the

Poles

Entropy is closely related to the

Second law of thermodynamics

A dolphin perceives its environment by the sense of

Sight and sound

If the Sun collapsed to a black hole, the time required for the Earth to orbit the collapsed Sun would

Stay the same

Comets orbit about the

Sun

Suppose you put a closed, sealed can of air on a hot stove burner. The contained air will undergo an increase in

Temperature, thermal energy, and pressure.

A primary rainbow is brighter than a secondary rainbow because

There is one less reflection inside the water drops

Galileo's interpretation of motion differed from Aristotle's in that Galileo emphasized

Time rates

If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do

Twice as much work

When the speed of sound near the ground is greater than higher in the air, sound tends to be bent

Upwards

A Mack truck and a Volkswagen traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision. The vehicle to undergo the greatest change in velocity will be the

Volkswagen

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is

Water expands when freezing

The Milky Way galaxy is

a spiral, in the process of colliding with the Magellanic Cloud galaxies, and where Earth resides

The circular orbit of a satellite orbiting the Earth is characterized by a constant

acceleration, speed, and radial distance

When you stand at rest on a pair of bathroom scales, the readings on the scales will always

add up equal to your weight

When visible light is incident upon clear glass, atoms in the glass

are forced into vibration

The least amount of energy is required to produce forced vibration in an object is

at its natural frequency

Pour a liter of water at 40°C into a liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes

at or around 30°C

When we see a half-moon, the position of the Sun is

at right angles to a line from Earth to the Moon

The vibrations of a transverse wave move in a direction

at right angles to the direction of wave travel

Water pressure is greatest against the

bottom of a submerged object

When an object is partly or wholly immersed in a liquid, it is buoyed up

by a force equal to the weight of the liquid displaced

Wind blowing over the top of a hill

decreases atmospheric pressure there

The pressure in a liquid depend on liquid

depth and density

The two measurements for calculating average speed are

distance and time

An object is propelled along a straight-line path by a force. If the net force were doubled, its acceleration would

double

An object at rest may have

energy

Consider drops of water that leak from a dripping faucet. As the drops fall, they

get farther apart

According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the

greater the gravitational force between them

An object in mechanical equilibrium is an object

having no acceleration, moving with constant velocity, and at rest.

When a car is braked to a stop, its kinetic energy is transformed into

heat energy

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is slightly increased? Equal volumes of A.) Wood B.) Iron C.) Helium D.) Ice water E.) None of these contract when heated

ice water

Most of the angular momentum in the solar system is

in its planets

If a non-rotating object has no acceleration, then we can say for certain that it is

in mechanical equilibrium

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy

increases

If an object's mass is decreasing while a constant force is applied to the object, the acceleration

increases

To say that an object is electrically polarized is to say

its charges have been rearranged

A star's color tells us

its surface temperature

According to Newton, the greater the distance between masses of interacting objects, the

less gravitational force between them

A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it comes back down. In the presence of air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is

less than the speed it had when thrown upwards

A force is a vector quantity because it has both

magnitude and direction

A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill, the heavy truck will have greater

momentum

If an object has kinetic energy, then it must also have

momentum

If the speed of a moving object doubles, then what else doubles?

momentum

A car traveling along the highway needs a certain amount of force exerted on it to stop. More stopping force may be required when the car has

more mass, more momentum, and less stopping distance

A wire carrying a current is normally charged

not at all

The background stars of a lunar eclipse are those of constellations

of the opposite season

If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, you do no work

on the wall

During a single period, the distance traveled by a wave is

one wavelength

Communications and weather satellites always appear at the same place in the sky. This is because these satellites are

orbiting the Earth within a 24-hour period

To say that one wave is out of phase with another is to say that the ways are

out of step

A surface that is considered rough for infrared waves may be polished for

radio waves

A heavy rock and a light rock in free fall have the same acceleration. The reason the heavy rock doesn't have a greater acceleration is that the

ratio of force to mass is the same

The color of an opaque object is the same as the light that is

reflected

A boat loaded with wood floats in a swimming pool. When the wood is thrown overboard, the pool level will

remain unchanged

A main difference between gravitational and electrical forces is that electrical forces

repel or attract

The fact that one side of the Moon always faces Earth is evidence that while revolving about the Earth it

rotates on its axis

A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the thermal energy of each doubles,

the iron will have the higher temperature

A rocket becomes progressively easier to accelerate as it travels upward from the ground mainly because

the mass of the rocket decreases as fuel is burned

When light passes through an ordinary window pane, its angle of emergence is

the same as its angle of incidence

In longitudinal waves, the compressions and refractions travel in

the same direction

The difference between impulse and impact force involves the

time the force acts