Physical Science Unit 2: Thermal Energy and Heat Test Review

Carmen is heating some water and trying to measure the temperature of water using a Celsius thermometer. Which measurement can she expect once the water begins to boil?

100° C

Which best describes convection?

It is driven by temperature differences within a fluid.

The diagram shows how air circulation forms a sea breeze on a warm day. Which best describes what is happening in the diagram?

At point 4, thermal energy from warm air over the land is transferred upward toward cooler areas of the atmosphere.

Which refers to the thermal energy that flows from one substance to another when the substances differ in temperature?

Heat

Nuclear reactions in a reactor produce a lot of thermal energy. That energy then flows and warms up water, which boils and produces steam. The steam then turns turbines that generate electricity. Which statement below can be made about the production of electricity in a nuclear reactor?

Heat flows from the reactor to the water.

This chart lists four examples of two objects that are in contact. Which statement accurately describes the flow of heat in each example?

Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 1, 2, and 4, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in Example 3.

A student heats a liquid on a burner. What happens to the portion of liquid that first begins to warm?

It becomes less dense.

A scientist designed a foam container to help keep frozen foods from melting. Which best explains how the foam works?

It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from outside to inside the container.

How does a foam-filled winter coat help keep a person warm?

It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat.

Which describes how radiation moves?

Radiation moves from a warmer object to a cooler object

The diagram shows a thermometer to measure temperature. Which refers to the area on the thermometer marked with the letter A?

Scale

Which of these indicates that a liquid has transferred thermal energy to the air?

The liquid decreases in temperature, and its particles lose kinetic energy.

A thermogram of a house shows high amounts of thermal energy around the windows but not around the roof. Which conclusion is best supported by the thermogram?

The windows are not energy efficient, but the roof is.

Hot coffee in a mug cools over time and the mug warms up. Which describes the energy in this system?

Thermal energy from the coffee is transferred to the mug.

Water is boiling in a clear pot, as shown in the picture. Which takes place as water cycles from the bottom of the pot toward the top?

Thermal energy is transferred.

Which describes how fast moving particles assist in transferring thermal energy to a cup after hot tea is poured into it?

They collide with slow-moving particles

The diagram shows movement of thermal energy. In which areas of the diagram does conduction occur?

X and Z

Heat transfer between two substances is affected by specific heat and the

amount of time and area of physical contact between the substances

Which material most likely gets the warmest when placed in the Sun?

brown mulch

Evan drew a diagram to illustrate radiation. What do the arrows represent?

electromagnetic waves

In which of these does convection only occur in?

fluids

Which material is typically used as a thermal insulator?

foam

Which of these results in kinetic energy of an object?

motion

The diagram shows currents that form as water is heated. Which would most likely contain this same type of current?

the air above a wildfire

A stovetop burner on medium reaches 95°C. Which other object will receive a flow of heat directly from the burner?

the surrounding air

Which accurately completes the statement? Conduction involves the transfer of electric charge or ___________ due to the movement of particles.

thermal energy

Which shows the formula for converting from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit?

°F = (9/5 × °C) +32