Physics-particle model of matter
Explain how when working in gas can increase the temperature with a bicycle pump.
A change in gas volume will cause a change in pressure. For example, the pressure increases as you pump up a bike tyre. More gas particles get squashed into the tyre, so more of them collide with the walls of the tyre each second.
Describe the atoms and molecule structure in terms of arrangement in gases.
A gas has no order, its particles are arranged at random. The particles in a gas are so far apart that there is no force of attraction between them. The particles are unaware of each others existence unless they collide.
Describe the atoms and molecule structure in terms of arrangement in liquid.
A liquid has an arrangement of particles that are close together (like a solid) but the particles are free to move because the force of attraction between the particles is weaker than it is in a solid. A liquid is said to have short range order which means that the arrangement of particles only repeats itself for a small number of particles.
Describe the atoms and molecule structure in terms of arrangement in solids.
A solid has a regular arrangement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules). The particles are close together and cannot move around so the shape of a solid is fixed. A solid is said to have long range order which means that the regular arrangement of particles keeps repeating itself over and over for a huge number of particles.
Describe the term boiling
Boiling- A process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state.
Describe the term condensation
Condensation- The process by which a gas becomes a liquid.
Equation to find contestant
Pressure x Volume = constant
What is the density in liquids,gases and solids?
Solids have a high density. Liquids have a medium density. Gamers have low to no density.
Describe the term sublimation
Sublimation- The process by which a substance changes directly from its solid state to its gas state without becoming a liquid first.
Difine density
The degree of compactness of a substance
Explain the relation between the temperature of a gas and its pressure at a cap start volume
The equation shows that, as volume increases, the pressure of the gas decreases in proportion. Similarly, as volume decreases, the pressure of the gas increases PV=K
Define the term specific latent heat.
The heat energy that is taken in or given out by a substance when it changes state is called latent heat. When a substance changes from solid to liquid, the latent heat involved is called the latent heat of fusion. When the substance changes from a liquid to a vapour, latent heat of vaporisation is involved.
Pressure equation
force ÷ area
define the term specific heat capacity
the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount (usually one degree).
Describe the term melting
Melting- The process by which a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state.
Describe how a heating system will change the energy stored within the system and raise its temperature or produce a change in state.
Consider a very hot mug of coffee on the countertop of your kitchen. For discussion purposes, we will say that the cup of coffee has a temperature of 80°C and that the surroundings (countertop, air in the kitchen, etc.) has a temperature of 26°C. What do you suppose will happen in this situation? I suspect that you know that the cup of coffee will gradually cool down over time. At 80°C, you wouldn't dare drink the coffee. Even the coffee mug will likely be too hot to touch. But over time, both the coffee mug and the coffee will cool down. Soon it will be at a drinkable temperature. And if you resist the temptation to drink the coffee, it will eventually reach room temperature. The coffee cools from 80°C to about 26°C. So what is happening over the course of time to cause the coffee to cool down? The answer to this question can be both macroscopic and particulate in nature.
Describe the term evaporate
Evaporation- A process by which a substance changes from its liquid state to its gas state by random particle movement.
Explain how the motion of a molecules in a gas in related both to its temperature and its pressure.
For gases, the kinetic theory model explains that gas pressure is caused by the collisions between the particles and their container. This is called the outward pressure and is usually greater than normal atmospheric pressure outside the container. Examples of this can be found in balloons and car tyres. Atmospheric pressure is measured as one bar (or one atmosphere). Maintaining the correct pressure in car tyres is important. Typically this is two to three bar. When the temperature is increased, the gas particles move faster and the collisions become harder and more frequent. This means that the pressure also increases. When the temperature is decreased, the gas particles move more slowly and the collisions are less hard and less frequent. This means that the pressure also decreases.
Describe the term freezing
Freezing- The process by which a substance changes from its liquid state into its
Explain how increasing the volume in which a gas in contained at constant temperature can lead to a decrease in pressure.
In gases, however, there is a lot of space between particles, and the gas particles vibrate and move around freely at high speeds. As the gas molecules bounce around freely in a container, they frequently collide with each other and the walls of the container. The force of these collisions exerts a force on the interior surface of the container and is called the gas pressure. As the container gets larger, or the volume increases, there are fewer collisions between gas molecules and the container's interior, making the gas pressure lower
