Physics Study Guide

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What type of charge does a proton have

What type of charge does an electron have

Atomic Weigt

- Average of the Isotopes - Never a whole number

Speculation

- Cannot be proven wrong, nor can it be proven right - Cannot be tested and are regarded as "unscientific"

Antimatter

- Has Negative Nucleus - Positive electrons (Positrons) are orbiting

Amu

- Mass unit to measure atoms because they are so small

Brownian motion

- irregular movement of tiny particles - visible particles and invisible particles are constantly colliding

What are 2 things that force depends on?

- the mass of the object - with what speed it is moving

What is the only temperature that atoms are not vibrating at

-273 degrees C

Hypothesis

-An educated guess presumed to be factual until supported by experiment -scientific if there is a test to prove it wrong

Similarities in art and science

-Knowledge of what is possible in human experience and in nature -knowledge of both affects our views and decisions of the world

Science

-Of natural order and in discovering and recording natural phenomena -is concerned with gathering -is a body of knowledge -is an ongoing human activity -has beginnings that precede recorded history -is concerned with gathering and organizing knowledge

Nicholas Copernicus

-published a book proposing that the Sun is stationary and the Earth revolves around the sun

How many electrons are in the nucleus of an atom

What type of charge does a neutron have?

Formula for Kinetic Energy

1/2mv^2

How many atoms are in one gram of water

10^23

How many elements are known?

115

Mp= __________ Me

1800

How many electrons are in the atom with atomic number of 2

How many atoms are in H20

How many P, N, and E does Carbon 14 have? (#6 on Periodic table)

6P 8N 6 E

What is the mass number of an atom with 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons?

How many electrons do Inert/Noble gases have in their outer shell

How many elements occur in nature?

How many elements are found in nature

A 1-kg mass at the Earth's surface weighs A) 9.8 N B) 10.8 N C) 1 N D) 4.9 N E) None

A 10-N falling object encounters 10 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is A) 0N B) 4N C) 6N D) 10N

A 10-kilogram block is pushed across a horizontal surface with a horizontal force of 20 N against a friction force of 10 N. The acceleration of the block in meters per second is A) 1 B) 5 C) 10 D) 2 E) Non

A 300-kg bear grasping a vertical tree slides down at constant velocity. The friction force between the tree and the bear is A) 3000N B) more than 3000N C) 30N D) 300N

A 60-W light bulb and a 100-W light bulb are each rated at 120 V. Which light bulb has a larger resistance? A) 60 Watts B) 100 Watts C) depends upon resistance D) both are same

A balloon is buoyed up with a force equal to the A) weight of air it displaces B) density of surrounding air C) atmospheric pressure D) weight of the balloon and contents

A car maintains a constant velocity of 100 km/hr for 10 seconds. During this interval it acceleration is A) zero B) 1000 km/hr C) 10 km/hr D) 110 km/hr

A cart is pushed to the right with a force of 15 N while being pulled to the left with a force of 20 N. The net force on the cart is A) 5 N to the left B) 5 N to the right C) 25 N to the left D) 25 N to the right

A completely submerged object always displaces its own A) volume of fluid B) weight of fluid C) density of fluid D) All

A falling skydiver of mass 100 kg experiences 500 N air resistance. The acceleration of the skydiver is A) 5 m/s B) 4 m/s C) 3 m/s D) 2 m/s E) more than 5 m/s

A feather and a coin will have equal accelerations when falling in a vacuum because A) the ratio of each object's weight to its mass is the same B) their velocities are the same C) the force of gravity is the same for each in a vacuum D) the force of gravity does not act in a vacuum E) None

A force is a vector quantity because it has both A) magnitude and direction B) action and reaction counterparts C) mass and acceleration

A force of 1 N accelerates a mass of 1 kg at the rate of 1 m/s2. The acceleration of a mass of 2 kg acted upon by a force of 2 N is A) same B) half as much C) twice as much D) 4 times as much

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is A) twice B) same C) quadrupled D) same E) none

A good reflector of radiation is A) poor absorber of radiation B) good absorber of radiation C) good emitter of radiation D) none of these

A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is A) 0 N B) equal to the weight of the puck C) the weight of the puck divided by the mass of the puck D) none

A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is A) 0 N B) equal to the weight of the rock C) the weight of the puck divided by the mass of the puck D) none

A hydraulic arrangement consists of a water-filled U-tube that is wider on one end than on the other. Pistons are fitted in both ends. To multiply an input force, the input end should be the one having the A) smaller-diameter piston B) larger-diameter piston C) it doesn't matter what relative size the piston is D) no answer text provided

A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to a state of zero acceleration first? A) the light woman B) the heavy woman C) both of them D) not enough information

A liter of hot water will cool to room temperature faster in a A) black pot B) white pot C) red pot D) silver pot

A motor and a generator are A) similar devices B) very different devices with different applications C) forms of transformers D) energy sources

A projectile is fired vertically from the surface of Earth at 8 km/s. The projectile will A) rise and fall back to Earth's surface B) follow an uncertain path C) go into circular motion about Earth D) No answer text provided

A rock suspended by a string weighs 5 N out of water and 3 N when submerged. What is the buoyant force on the rock? A) 2N B) 3N C) 5N D) 8N E) None of these

A rock weighs 30 N on Earth. A second rock weighs 30 N on the moon. Which of the two rocks has the greater mass? A) the one on the moon B) the one on Earth C) They have the same mass D) not enough information to say

A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. This best demonstrates that A) the milk carton has inertia B) gravity tends to hold the milk carton secure C) there is an action-reaction pair of forces D) the milk carton has no acceleration

A sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly. This best demonstrates that A) the milk carton has inertia. B) gravity tends to hold the milk carton secure. C) there is an action-reaction pair of forces D) the milk carton has no acceleration.

A skydiver who weighs 500 N reaches terminal velocity of 90 km/h. The air resistance on the skydiver is then A) 500N B) 410N C) 90N D) none

A step-up transformer in an electrical circuit can step up A) voltage B) energy C) both A and B D) neither

A truck is moving at constant velocity. Inside the storage compartment, a rock is dropped from the midpoint of the ceiling and strikes the floor below. The rock hits the floor A) exactly below the midpoint of the ceiling B) ahead of the midpoint C) behind the midpoint D) more information needed

A weak and strong magnet repel each other. The greater repelling force is by the A) stronger magnet B) weaker magnet C) both the same D) none of the above

According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the A) greater the gravitational force between them B) none C) greater the force between them by the square of the masses D) less the gravitational force between them

Action and reaction forces comprise the parts of A) single interactions B) two interactions C) three interactions D) none

Alternating current is normally produced by a A) generator B) car C) Battery D) both

An apple weighs 1 N. When held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is A) 0N B) 0.1 N C) 1 N D) 10 N

An apple weighs 1 N. When held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is A) 0N B) 0.1N C) 1N D) 10N

An efficient transformer in an AC electric circuit can change A) current B) energy C) power D) all of the above

Mass Number

# of Protons + # of Neutrons

Electrically Neutral atom

# of Protons = # of electrons

An egg is placed at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. Salt is slowly added to the water until the egg rises and floats. From this experiment, one concludes A) the density of salt water exceeds the density of the egg B) salt sinks to the bottom C) buoyant force does not always act upward D) calcium in the egg shell is repelled by sodium chloride

An elephant and a feather fall from a tree through the air to the ground below. The amount of air-resistance force is greater on the A) elephant B) feather C) is the same on each D) none

An object is in free fall. At one instant, it travels at a speed of 50 m/s. Exactly 1 s later, its speed is about A) 60 m/s B) 25 m/s C) 55 m/s D) 50 m/s E) 100 m/s

An object is propelled along a straight-line path in space by a force. If the mass of the object somehow becomes twice as much, its acceleration A) halves B) doubles C) stays the same D) quadruples

An object maintains its state of motion because it has A) inertia B) weight C) force D) acceleration

An object that has kinetic energy must be A) moving B) at rest C) at an elevated position

As the skydiver falls faster and faster through the air, air resistance A) increases B) decreases C) remains the same D) not enough information

Blood pressure is normally greater in your A) Feet B) ears C) Same in each

Both black and white road surfaces radiate energy. At the end of a starry night the warmer road surface will be A) the white surface B) the black surface C) neither D) no answer text provided

Brownian motion has to do with the A) random motions of atoms and molecules B) first direct measurement of atomic motion C) size of the atoms D) atomic vibrations E) rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid

Communications and weather satellites always appear at the same place in the sky. This is because these satellites are A) orbiting the Earth with a 24 hour period B) stationary in space C) beyond the pull of the Earth's gravitational field D) moving at a speed just short of escape velocity E) None

Compared with a light-weight glider, a heavier glider would have to push air A) downward with greater force B) downward with the same force C) downward with less force D) none of the above

Consider a problem that asks for the distance of a fast-moving crate sliding across a factory floor and then coming to a stop. The most useful equation for solving this problem is A) Fd = change in kinetic energy B) force= mxa C) Fd= kinetic energy D) kinetic energy= 1/2 m (square of velocity)

Consider a sample of ice at 0 degrees C. If the temperature is decreased, the volume of the ice A) decreases B) stays the same C) increases

Constant speed in a constant direction is A) constant velocity B) acceleration C) both of the above D) Neither of the above

Does a car hoisted for repairs in a service station have increased potential energy relative to the floor? A) yes B) no C) sometimes D) not enough information

Electric potential energy is measured in joules. Electric potential, on the other hand (electric potential energy per charge), is measured A) in volts B) in watts C) in amperes D) also in joules

Electromagnetic induction occurs in a coil when there is a change in A) magnetic field intensity in the coil B) electromagnetic polarity C) electric field intensity in the coil D) the coil's polarity

For increased atmospheric pressure, the boiling temperature of a liquid A) goes up B) goes down C) remains same at 100 degree C D) no answer text provided

Hang from a pair of gym rings and the upward support forces of the rings will always A) add up to equal your weight. B) None of the above C) each be half your weight D) each be equal to your weight

Heat energy travels from an object with a high A) temperature to an object with a lower temperature B) internal energy to an object with a lower internal energy C) Both of these, for they say essentially the same thing D) None

How quickly and in what direction velocity changes; rate at which speed changes A) acceleration B) speed per time C) velocity D) speed

Ice is put in a picnic cooler. To speed up the cooling of cans of beverage, it is important that the ice A) melts B) is prevented from melting C) be in large chunks D) none of these

If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it A) cools B) warms C) either D) neither of the above

If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must A) Change by the same amount each second. B) Change by varying amounts depending on its speed. C) Always decrease D) Be constat

If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must A) change by the same amount each second B) change by the same amount each second per second C) None of the above D) changes but not specifically

If bits of coals do not stick to your feet when firewalking, it's best if your feet are A) wet B) dry C) sort of wet and sort of dry D) none of these

If experimental findings are not reproducible A) The results are not considered valid B) results are considered valid but not stable C) indication of fraud D) Scientific method was not followed

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a mercury thermometer would rise when the temperature A) decreases B) increases C) Neither of these

If the frequency of a particular wave is 20 Hz, its period is A) 1/20 second B) 20 seconds C) more than 20 seconds D) none of the above

If the mass of an object does not change, a constant net force on the object produces constant A) acceleration B) velocity C) speed D) none

If the mass of an object is halved, the weight of the object is A) halved B) twice C) depends on location D) none of the above

If the mass of one planet is somehow doubled, the force of gravity between it and a neighboring planet A) doubles B) quadruples C) reduces by half D) reduces by one-quarter

If the speed of a racing car doubles, what else doubles? A) its momentum B) kinetic energy C) both of the above D) neither of the above

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would A) Still not be able to see or photograph an atom B) Be able to see individual atoms C) Be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them D) No answer text provided

If you exert 1 N for a distance of 1 m in 1 s, you will deliver a power of A) 1W B) 2W C) 1/2W D) 0W

If you plug an electric toaster rated at 110 V into a 220-V outlet, the current in the toaster will be about A) twice what it should be B) half what it should be C) more than twice what it should be D) the same as if it were plugged into 110 V

If you push against a stationary brick wall for several minutes, you do no work A) on the wall B) at all C) both of the above D) none of the above

If you push an object just as far while applying twice the force, you do A) twice as much work B) four times as much work C) the same amount of work D) none of the above

If you push for an hour against a stationary wall, no work is done A) on the wall B) at all C) none of the above D) both on the wall and at all

In order to catch a ball, a baseball player extends the hand forward before impact with the ball and then lets it ride backward in the direction of the ball's motion upon impact. Doing this reduces the force of impact on the player's hand principally because the A) time of impact is increased B) time of impact is decreased C) force of impact is reduced D) velocity is reduced

In science, an educated guess is A) hypothesis B) fact C) theory D) law E) both hypothesis and fact

Inside a freely-falling elevator, there would be no A) apparent weight for you B) gravitational force on you C) both of these D) none of these

It is commonly thought that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling A) supports the knowledge B) shows this knowledge is false C) may or may not support this knowledge D) may or may not contradict this knowledge

Lobsters live on the bottom of the ocean. The density of the lobster is A) greater than the density of sea water B) equal to the density of sea water C) less than the density of sea water D) None

Magnetic field lines about a current-carrying wire A) circle the wire in closed loops B) extend radially from the wire C) choices A and B are both correct D) none

Melting snow A) cools the surrounding air B) warms the surrounding air C) neither warms nor cools the surrounding air D) No answer text provided

Metal detectors, like the ones used at airports, are activated by A) electromagnetic induction B) alternating current C) magnetic fields D) electric fields

More voltage is induced when a magnet is thrust into a coil A) more quickly B) more slowly C) both A and B D) neither

Must a car with momentum have kinetic energy? A) yes, due to motion alone B) yes, when momentum is non-accelerated C) yes, because speed is a scalar and velocity is a vector quantity D) no

Not only is voltage induced when a magnet is thrust into a coil of wire, but ___________ is also induced. A) current B) energy C) power D) none of the above

Objects that radiate relatively well, A) absorb radiation relatively well B) reflect radiation relatively well C) both of these D) neither of these

One hundred joules of heat is added to a system that performs 60 joules of work. The internal energy change of the system is A) 100 J B) 60 J C) 40 J D) 0 J E) None

One liter of water has a mass of A) 1 kg B) 14.7 gms C) 500 gms D) 100 gm

One liter of water weighs about 10 N. Suppose a 3-liter container is filled with 266 N of mercury and then lowered into a container of water. Assuming the container is completely submerged, what is the buoyant force acting on it? A) 30 N B) 20 N C) 266 N D) 133 N

Particle A has twice the charge of nearby particle B. Compared to the force on Particle A, the force on Particle B is A) same as much B) four as much C) half as much D) twice as much

Push a cart along a track so twice as much net force acts on it. If the acceleration remains the same, what is a reasonable explanation? A) the mass of the cart doubled when the force doubled B) the cart experiences a force that it didn't before C) the track is not level D) friction reversed direction

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about A) 300 K B) 400 K C) 200 K D) 100 K

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about A) 300 K B) 400 K C) 100 K D) 200 K E) more than 400 K

Science and technology are A) related to one another, but not the same thing B) responsible for all the good in the world C) Responsible for all the bad in the world D) Fundamentally different from each other

Science, art and religion do no contradict one another because A) all three have different domains B) If you choose the right one, you can forget the other two C) If you choose the religion and art, you can forget about science D) if you choose the science, you can forget about religion and art

Slightly tilted wings of airplanes deflect A) oncoming air downward to produce life B) oncoming air upward to produce lift C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

Starting from rest, the distance a freely falling object will fall in 10 s is about A) 500 m B) 10 m C) 50 m D) 100 m

Strange as it may seem, it is just as hard to accelerate a car on the Moon as it is to accelerate the same car on Earth. This is because the A) mass of the car is independent of gravity B) weight of the car is independent of gravity C) Nonsense! A car is much more easily accelerated on the Moon than on Earth D) No fuel

Strange as it may seem, it is just as hard to accelerate a car on the Moon as it is to accelerate the same car on Earth. This is because the A) mass of the car is independent of gravity. B) weight of the car is independent of gravity. C) Nonsense! A car is much more easily accelerated on the Moon than on Earth. D) no fuel

Strip electrons from an atom and the atom becomes a A) positive ion B) negative ion C) different element D) molecules

Suppose you rapidly stir some raw eggs with an egg beater. The temperature of the eggs will A) increase B) no answer text provided C) decrease D) remain unchanged

Ten seconds after starring from rest, a car is moving at 40 m/s. What is the car's acceleration in meters per second per second? A) 4.0 B) 40 C) 10 D) 2.8 E) 0.25

The atomic number of an element matches the number of A) Protons in the nucleus of an atom B) electrons in an ion of the same atom C) Neutrons in the nucleus D) Nucleons in the nucleus

The concept of inertia mostly involves A) mass B) weight C) volume D) density

The earth's atmosphere gets most of its heat A) near the surface of the earth B) none of the above C) from the earth's core D) at high altitudes closer to the sun

The equilibrium rule, EF = 0, applies to A) vector quantities B) scalar quantities C) both of the above D) neither of the above

The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is A) 10 N B) more than 10 N C) less than 10 N

The force of gravity between two planets depends on their A) masses and distance apart B) planetary atmospheres C) rotational motions D) all of the above

The force on an electron moving in a magnetic field will be the largest when its direction is A) perpendicular to the magnetic field direction B) at an angle other than 90 degrees to the magnetic field direction C) exactly opposite to the magnetic field direction D) the same as the magnetic field direction

The gain in speed each second for a freely falling object is about A) 10 m/s B) 0m/s C) 2m/s D) depends upon initial speed E) 5m/s

The lowest temperature possible in nature is A) -273 degrees C B) 4 K C) 0 degrees C

The maximum height to which water can be drunk through a straw A) is 10.3 m B) is about 76 cm C) has no limit D) none of the above

The most abundant element in the universe is A) hydrogen B) Helium C) Oxygen D) Iron

The mutual induction of electric and magnetic fields can produce A) light B) energy C) sound D) none of the above

The output power of an ideal transformer A) equal to the input power B) smaller than the input power C) greater than the input power D) all of the above

The reason the Moon does not crash into Earth is that A) the moon has a sufficient tangential speed B) the gravitational pull of other planets keeps the moon up C) the moon has less mass than earth D) earth's gravitational field is weak at the moon

The reason the sun's radiant energy is of shorter wavelengths than the Earth's is because the sun A) has a higher temperature than the Earth B) has much more internal energy C) is an energy source while the Earth is primarily an energy receiver D) all of these

The resistance you feel when pushing a piece of iron into a coil involves A) repulsion by the magnetic field you produce B) energy transfer between the iron and coil C) Newton's third law D) resistance to domain alignment in the iron

The scientist to first introduce the concept of inertia was A) Galileo B) Newton C) Aristotle D) Copernicus

The speed of a satellite in an elliptical orbit A) varies B) remains constant C) act at right angles to its motion D) all of the above

The universal gravitational constant, G, which links force to mass and distance, is similar to the familiar constant A) 3.14 (pie) B) g C) acceleration due to gravity D) speed of uniform motion

The volume of 1000 kg of water is A) 1 liter B) slightly less than 1 liter C) more than 1 liter D) none of the above

The weight of 0.6 kg of salami is about A) 6 N B) 0.06 N C) 60 N D) 600 N

The weight of 0.6 kg of salami is about A) 6.0 N B) 0.06 N C) 60 N D) 600 N

The white-hot sparks that strike your skin from a 4th of july type sparkler don't harm you because A) the energy per molecule is high, but little energy is transferred because of the few molecules in the spark B) the energy per molecule is very low C) they have a low temperature

There is twice as much molecular kinetic energy in 2 liters of boiling water as in 1 liter of boiling water. Which will be the same for both? A) temperature B) thermal energy C) both A and B D) neither

Two factors that greatly affect air resistance on falling objects are the ____ of the object A) size and speed B) size and weight C) size and mass

Two people of equal mass on slippery ice push off from each other. Will both move at the same speed in opposite directions? A) yes B) yes, but only if both push equally C) no D) no, unless acceleration occurs

Warm air rises because faster-moving molecules tend to move to regions of less A) density and less pressure B) pressure C) density D) pressure and temperature

Water pressure provided by a water tower is greater if the tower A) is taller B) holds more water C) both A and B D) none of the above

What is known about atoms is that they are A) mostly empty space B) net electrically charged building blocks of matter C) Composed of still smaller molecules D) All of the above

When a 20-N falling object encounters 5 N of air resistance, its acceleration of fall is A) less than g B) more than g C) g D) terminated

When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is A) copper expands more than iron B) copper gets hotter before iron C) iron expands more than copper D) iron gets hotter before copper

When a block of ice at zero degrees Celsius melts, the ice A) absorbs energy but does not change its temperature B) releases energy to its environment C) releases energy and gets warmer D) absorbs energy and gets warmer

When a cannonball is shot from a cannon, the cannon recoils. Compared with the momentum given to the cannonball, the momentum of the recoiling cannon is ideally A) equal and opposite B) greater than the ball C) less than cannon ball D) Varies

When a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences no force it is likely A) parallel to the field lines B) both of these C) none of the above D) perpendicular to the field lines

When a dish falls, will the change in momentum be less if it lands on a carpet than if it lands on a hard floor? A) no, both are the same B) yes, less if it lands on a carpet C) no, less if it lands on a hard floor D) no, more if it lands on a hard floor

When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is A) 0 B) g C) constant C) none of the above

When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is A) zero B) g C) constant

When a fish expands its air bladder, the density of the fish A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same D) none

When a magnet is thrust into a coil of wire, a greater voltage is induced A) both of these B) with faster thrusting motion C) no answer text provided D) with a greater number of loops in the coil

When a magnet is thrust into a coil of wire, the coil tends to A) repel the magnet as it enters B) attract C) no answer text provided D) attract or repel

When a sample of 4 oC water is cooled, it A) expands B) contracts C) remains unchanged D) not enough information

When a satellite travels at a constant speed, the shape of its path is A) a circle B) an ellipse C) an oval that is almost elliptical D) a circle with a square corner, as seen throughout your book

When a submerged submarine expels water from its ballast tanks, its density A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same D) none

When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature A) decreases B) increases C) remains unchanged

When air near the ground on a warm day is warmed more than the air above, sound tends to bend A) upward B) downward C) at right angles to the grond D) None of the above

When an elevator accelerates upward, your weight reading on a scale is A) greater B) less C) zero D) the normal weight

When no air resistance acts on a fast-moving baseball, its acceleration is A) downward, g B) because of a combination of constant horizontal motion and accelerated downward motion C) opposite to the force of gravity D) centripetal

When stringing telephone lines between poles in the summer, it is advisable to allow the lines to A) sag B) be taut C) be close to the ground D) allow ample space for birds

When the string is pulled down slowly, the top string breaks, which best illustrates the: A) weight of the ball B) mass of the ball C) volume of the ball D) density of the ball

When there is a change in the magnetic field in a closed loop of wire A) all of these B) a current is created in the loop of wire C) a voltage is induced in the wire D) electromagnetic induction occurs

When two identical lamps in a circuit are connected in parallel, the total resistance is A) less than the resistance of either lamp B) the same as the resistance of each lamp C) less than the resistance of each lamp D) none of the above

When water at 4 degrees C is heated it expands. When water at 4 degrees C is cooled, it A) expands B) contracts C) neither contracts nor expands

When water freezes, it expands. This tells us that the density of ice is A) less than the density of water B) equal to the density of water C) more than the density of water D) none of the above

When we say an appliance "uses up electricity," we really are saying that A) electron kinetic energy is changed into heat B) electric charges are dissipated C) current disappears D) electrons are taken out of the circuit and put somewhere else E) the main power supply voltage is lowered

When work is done on a system, for example, compressing air in a tire pump, the temperature of the system A) increases B) decreases C) remains unchanged D) is no longer evident

When you brush your hair and scrape electrons from your hair, the charge of your hair is A) positive B) negative C) both A and B D) neither

When you double the voltage in a simple electric circuit, you double the A) current B) resistance C) both A and B D) neither

When you stand at rest on a weighing scale, the force due to gravity on you is A) equal in magnitude to the support force of the scale B) greater than magnitude to the support force of the scale C) less than the support force of the scale D) almost absent

When you toss a projectile sideways, it curves as it falls. It will be an Earth satellite if the curve it makes A) matches the curved surface of Earth B) results in a straight line C) spirals out indefinitely D) none of the above

Which direction does a table push a book resting on it? A) up B) left C) down D) right

Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or land? A) water B) land C) both of the above same D) neither

Which involves the greatest number of calories? A) condensing 1 gram of 100 o C steam to 100 o C water B) cooling 1 gram of 100 o water to 1 gram of 0 o ice C) cooling 1 gram of 0 o C ice to near absolute zero D) all about the same

Which melts faster in sunshine—dirty snow or clean snow? A) dirty snow B) clean snow C) both A and B D) none of the above

Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered? Equal volume of A) water at 4 degrees C B) wood C) helium D) iron E) None

Which of the following is not a vector quantity? A) speed B) velocity C) acceleration D) all are vector quantities

Which of these atoms has the most mass? A) uranium B) iron C) lead D) hydrogen E) All have the same mass

Which of these has the greatest density? A) 100 kg of lead B) 100 kg of water C) both are the same D) none of the above

Which of these statements is true? A) electric current is a flow of electric charge B) electric current is stored in batteries C) both A and B are true D) neither A nor B

Work is done in lifting a barbell. How much work is done in lifting a barbell that is twice as heavy the same distance? A) twice as much B) half as much C) the same D) depends on the speed of the lift

You watch a person chopping wood and note that after the last chop you hear it 1 second later. How far away is the chopper? A) 330 m B) more than 330 m C) less than 330 m D) there's no way to tell

Your locker gets messier each week. In this case, the entropy of your locker is A) increasing B) decreasing C) hanging steady D) nonexistent

the volume of matter comes mostly from its A) electrons B) no answer text provided C) neutrons D) protons

when Josh pushes a refrigerator across a kitchen floor at an increasing speed, the amount of friction between the refrigerator and the floor is A) less than Josh's push B) equal to Josh's push C) equal and opposite to Josh's push D) more than Josh's push

when snow forms the air becomes warmer because A) changing from a vapor to a solid is a process that gives off energy B) air absorbs energy from the sun C) snow gives off the energy as it falls D) snow gives off energy as it melts

Fact

A close agreement by observers about the same phenomenon

Law or Principle

A hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly and has not been contradicted

Theory

A synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world

A statement that uses concise language, often expressed as a mathematical equation, to describe a generalized pattern in nature that is supported by scientific evidence and repeated experiments. A) law or principle B) Theory C) Fact D) Hypothesis

Although physics may be the most difficult science course in certain schools, when compared with the fields of chemistry, biology, geology, and astronomy, it is A) the simplest B) Still the hardest C) the central science, in between chemistry and biology D) Simple enough, but only for especially intelligent people

A) The simplest

What is the mass of a Nucleon?

About 1 AMU

Which of these is a scientific hypothesis? A) The Moon is made of green cheese B) Atomic nuclei are the smallest particles in nature C) A magnet will pick up a copper penny D) Cosmic rays cannot penetrate the thickness of your Conceptual Physics Fundamentals book

All of them are scientific hypothesis. They all not only have tests for proving wrongness, but have been proved wrong. Nevertheless, they still pass the test of being a scientific hypothesis

Which contains more atoms: 1kg of lead or 1 kg of Aluminum

Aluminum

What was the 1st branch of science?

Astronomy

Why can atoms not be seen with a powerful optical microscope?

Atoms are super tiny 1x 10^9m and you can only see them with an Electron Beam microscope. The wavelength of an electron beam is smaller than the wavelength of visible light and atoms are longer than the wavelength of an electron bean

Liquids

Atoms migrate

Gas

Atoms migrate faster than in liquid

A 10-N block and a 1-N block lie on a horizontal frictionless table. To push them with equal acceleration, we would have to push with A) equal forces on each block. B) 10 times as much force on the heavier block C) 10 squared or 100 times as much force on the heavier block D) one-tenth as much force on the heavier block.

A 10-ohm resistor has a 5-A current in it. What is the voltage across the resistor? A) 15 V B) more than 20 V C) 5 V D) 20 V

A 2-kg mass has 40 J of potential energy with respect to the ground. Approximately how far is it located above the ground? A) 1m B) 2m C) 3m D) 4m

A 5-kg iron ball and a 10-kg iron ball are dropped from rest. For negligible air resistance, the acceleration of the heavier ball will be A) less B) the same C) more D) undetermined

A 5-kg iron ball and a 10-kg iron ball are dropped from rest. When the free-falling 5-kg ball reaches a speed of 10 m/s, the speed of the free-falling 10-kg ball is A) less than 10 m/s B) 10 m/s C) more than 10 m/s D) undetermined

A ball is moving at 4 m/s and has a momentum of 48 kg ∙ m/s. What is the ball's mass? A) 4kg B) 12kg C) 48kg D) 1.2kg

A ball tossed at an angle of 30 o with the horizontal will go as far downrange as one that is tossed at the same speed at an angle of A) 45 o B) 60 o C) 75 o D) none of the above

A birds flies by A) flapping its wings B) pushing air down so that the air pushes it upward C) hovering in midair D) inhaling and exhaling air

A cannonball shot from a cannon with a long barrel will emerge with greater speed because the cannonball receives a greater A) average force B) impulse C) both of the above D) neither of the above

A cook who measures a specific amount of butter by placing it in a measuring cup with water in it is using the A) principle of buoyancy B) displacement rule C) concept of density D) all of the above`

A fast-moving car hitting a haystack or hitting a cement wall produces vastly different results 1.Do both experience the same change in momentum? 2.Do both experience the same impulse? 3.Do both experience the same force? A) yes for all three B) yes for 1 and 2 C) no for all three D) no for 1 and 2

A hot pizza placed in the snow is a net A) absorber B) emitter C) both A and B D) none of the above

A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to a state of zero acceleration first? A) the heavy man B) the light woman C) both should arrive at the same time D) not enough information

A liter sized block of ordinary wood floats in water. The amount of water displaced is A) less than 1 liter B) 1 liter C) more than 1 liter D) depends on the water density

A lobster crawls onto a bathroom scale submerged at the bottom of the ocean. Compared to its weight above the surface, the lobster will have an apparent weight under water that is A) greater B) less C) the same

A nucleus with an atomic number of 30 and a mass number of 65 must have A) 30 neutrons B) 35 neutrons C) 65 neutrons D) all of the above

A piece of rope is pulled by two people in a tug-of-war. Each pulls with 400 N of force. What is the tension in the rope? A) zero B) 400 N C) 800 N D) 600 N E) None

A proton and an electron are placed in an electric field. Which undergoes the greater acceleration? A) proton B) electron C) both accelerate equally D) neither accelerates

A scientific hypothesis may turn out to be right or it may turn out to be wrong. If it is a valid hypothesis, there must be a test for proving it A) right B) wrong C) none D) no answer text provided

A skydiver jumps from a high-flying plane. As her velocity of fall increases, her net force A) increases B) decreases C) remains unchanged regardless of air resistance

A soccer player kicks a ball with 1500 N of force. The ball exerts a reaction force against the player's foot of A) somewhat less than 1500 N B) 1500 N C) somewhat more than 1500 N D) none of the above

A transformer for a laptop computer converts a 120-V input to a 24-V output. Find the ratio of the number of turns in the primary and the secondary coil. A) 40 B) 5 C) 1/4 D) 50

About how high can water be theoretically lifted by a vacuum pump at sea level? A) more than 10.3 m B) 10.3 m C) less than 10.3 m

Acceleration and velocity are actually A) the same B) rates, but for different quantities C) the same, when direction is not a factor D) the same in free-fall situations

According to Coulomb's law, a pair of particles that are placed twice as far apart will experience forces that are A) half as strong B) one-quarter as strong C) twice as strong D) four times as strong

An apple weighs 1 N. When held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is A) 1 N B) 0 N C) 9.8 N D) 0.1 N E) None

An electron is pushed into an electric field where it acquires a 1-V electrical potential. If two electrons are pushed the same distance into the same electric field, the electrical potential of the two electrons is A) 2 N B) 1 V C) .25 D) 4 V

An electron is shot through a spot somewhere between the ends of a horseshoe magnet. The electron A) speed is increased B) direction is changed C) is attracted to one of the poles, and repelled by the other D) is unaffected by the field E) is repelled by both poles, and therefore is turned back

An ice cube floating in a glass of water contains many air bubbles. When the ice melts, the water level will A) fall B) remain smae C) rise D) first rise then fall

An industrial container holds 200 N of water. The area of the inside bottom of the container is 2 square meters. What pressure does the water exert on the bottom of the container? A) 400 N per square meter B) 100 N per square meter C) 800 N per square meter D) none

An iron rod becomes magnetic when A) its atoms are aligned having plus charges on one side and negative charges on the other B) the net spins of its electrons are in the same direction C) its electrons stop moving and point in the same direction D) positive ions accumulate at one end and negative ions at the other end

An object following a straight-line path at constant speed A) has a net force acting upon it in the direction of motion. B) has zero acceleration C) has no forces acting on it. D) must be moving in a vacuum or in the absence of air drag.

An object is propelled along a straight-line path by a force. If the net force were doubled, its acceleration would A) Quadruple B) double C) stay the same D) halve

An object is propelled along a straight-line path by a force. If the net force were doubled, its acceleration would A) quadruple B) double C) stay the same D) halve

An object is pulled northward with a force of 10 N and southward with a force of 15 N. The magnitude of the net force on the object is A) 10 N towards North B) 5 N towards South C) 5 N towards North D) 10 N towards South E) None

An object is raised above the ground gaining a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is raised twice as high, it gains A) 4 times as much as potential energy B) twice as much as potential energy C) half as much as potential energy D) None

An object weighs 30 N on Earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which has the greater mass? A) not enough information given B) the one on the Moon C) they have the same mass D) the one on Earth

An umbrella tends to move upwards on a windy day principally because A) air gets trapped under the umbrella, warms, and rises B) air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface C) buoyancy increases with increasing wind speed D) All of these

Any material that is made up of only one type of atom is classified as A) Molecularly pure B) an element C) An isotope D) Substance

As a ball falls, the action force is the pull of Earth's mass on the ball. The reaction force is A) the air resistance acting against the ball B) the pull of the ball's mass on Earth C) the acceleration of the ball D) nonexistent in this case

As a helium-filled balloon rises in the air, it becomes A) more dense B) bigger C) heavier D) all of these E) none of these

As a piece of metal with a hole in it cools, then diameter of the hole A) depends on the material B) decreases C) increases D) remains the same

As the ball leaves the girl's hand, one second later it will have fallen A) 10 meters B) 5 meters below the dashed line C) less than 5 meters below the straight line path D) none of the above

As the skydiver continues to fall faster and faster through the air, her acceleration A) increases B) decreases C) remains the same D) not enough information

As the skydiver continues to fall faster and faster through the air, net force A) increases B) decreases C) remains the same D) not enough information

As you sit in class, is there a buoyant force acting on you? A) no, as evidenced by an absence of lift B) yes, due to displacement of air

Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space because of A) cohesive forces B) Earth gravitation C) their relatively high speeds D) their relatively low densities

Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by A) radiant energy conversion B) nuclear fusion C) radioactivity D) photosynthesis E) none

Buoyant force is greatest on a submerged A) 10 N block of lead B) 10 N block of aluminum C) is the same on each D) No answer text provided

Compared to an empty ship, the same ship loaded with plastic foam will float __________. A) higher level in the water B) lower level in the water C) same level D) No answer text provided

Compared with the weight of water, the weight of a liter of ice is A) more B) less C) the same D) none of the above

Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the masses of both planets is doubled, and the distance between them is also doubled, then the force between them is A) four times as much B) no change C) half as much D) twice as much

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is A) the thawing process releases pressure on the pipes B) water expands when freezing C) water contracts when freezing D) none of the above

Freight car A is moving toward identical freight car B that is at rest. When they collide, both freight cars couple together. Compared with the initial speed of freight car A, the speed of the coupled freight cars is A) the same B) half C) twice D) none of the above

How many forces act on a submerged body at rest in a fluid A) 1 buoyancy B) 2 buoyancy and force due to gravity C) one because net force is zero D) none

How many forces act on a submerged body at rest in a fluid? A) one- buoyancy B) two- buoyancy and the force due to gravity C) none- in accord with the equilibrium rule D) none of the above

How many forces act on a submerged body at rest in a fluid? A) one-buoyancy B) two- buoyancy and the force due to gravity C) none- in accord with the equilibrium rule D) none of the above

Ice tends to form first at the A) bottom of bodies of water B) surface of bodies of water C) surface or bottom depending on the water depth

If Earth's mass decreased to one-half its original mass with no change in radius, then your weight would A) decrease to one-quarter your original weight B) decrease to one-half your original weight C) none D) stay the same

If a 50-N person is to fall at terminal speed, the air resistance needed is A) less than 50 N B) 50 N C) more than 50 N D) none of the above

If a falling object gains 10 m/s each second it falls, its acceleration is A) 10 m/s B) 10 m/s per second C) both of the above D) neither of the above

If a good absorber of radiant energy were a poor emitter, its temperature compared with its surroundings would be A) lower B) higher C) unaffected D) none of the above

If a red hot thumbtack is immersed in warm water, the direction of heat flow will be from the A) warm water to the red hot thumbtack B) red hot thumbtack to the warm water C) no heat flow D) not enough information

If an object falls with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object must A) be constant also B) continually change by the same amount each second C) continually change by varying amounts, depending on its speed D) continually decrease.

If both the mass and speed of an object are doubled, its momentum A) is doubled B) is quadrupled C) remains constant D) decrease

If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is A) carbon B) helium C) neon D) lithium

If the mass of Earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would A) no answer text provided B) increase also C) decrease D) stay the same

If the masses of two planets are each somehow doubled, the force of gravity between them A) doubles B) quadruples C) reduces by half D) reduces by one-quarter

If the part of an iceberg that extends above the water were removed, the A) density of the iceberg would change B) buoyant force on the iceberg would decrease C) iceberg would sink D) pressure on the bottom of the iceberg would increase

If the speed of a moving object doubles, then what else doubles? A) acceleration B) momentum C) velocity D) all of the above

If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is A) carbon B) neon C) helium D) nitrogen

If you swing a stone overhead in a horizontal circle and the string breaks, the tendency of the stone is to follow a A) curved path B) straight-line path C) spiral path D) vertical path

If you use 10 J of work to push a coulomb of charge into an electric field, its voltage with respect to its starting position is A) less than 10 V B) 10 V C) more than 10 V

If you want to cook eggs by boiling them while in the mountains, then compared to sea-level cooking, you should A) boil the eggs for a shorter time B) boil the eggs for a longer time C) use a hotter flame D) none of the above

If you weigh yourself in an elevator, you'll weigh less when the elevator A) accelerates upward B) accelerates downward C) moves up D) moves down

In a hydraulic-press operation, it is impossible for the A) force output to exceed the force input B) energy output to exceed the energy input C) output piston's speed to exceed the input piston's speed D) output displacement to exceed the input displacement E) None

In science, facts A) are absolute B) May change C) Mean very little D) None of the above E) Are important than theories

In the evening, when air directly above a pond is cooler than air above, sound across a pond tends to bend A) upward B) downward C) at right angles to the ground D) none

Like kinds of magnetic poles repel while unlike kinds of magnetic poles A) attract or repel B) attract C) none D) repel

On a windy day, atmospheric pressure A) increase B) decrease C) remains unchanged D) both A and B

On which of these blocks submerged in water is the buoyant force greatest? A) 1 kg of lead B) 1 kg of aluminum C) 1 kg of uranium D) all the same

One of the main reasons one can walk barefoot on red-hot coals of wood without burning the feet has to do with A) mind over matter techniques B) low thermal conductivity of the coals C) low temperature of the coals D) no answer text provided

Pascal's principle says that changes in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid __________. A) remain only at the point B) are transmitted to all points in the fluid C) quickly diminish from point to point in the fluid D) are transmitted only to points below it E) are transmitted only to points close to it

Reverberations are best heard when you sing in a room with A) carpeted walls B) hard-surfaced walls C) open windows D) none of the above

Several paper clips dangle from the south pole of a magnet. The induced pole in the bottom of the lowermost paper clip is a A) north pole B) south pole C) both D) either

Substance A has a higher specific heat than substance B. Which requires the most energy to heat equal masses of A and B to the same temperature? A) depends upon the density of substance B) sub A C) sub B D) both same of heat

Suppose you rapidly-stir some raw eggs with an eggbeater. The temperature of the eggs will A) remain unchanged B) increase C) decrease

Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of A) less entropy B) more entropy C) no entropy

The Scientific Method is a method for A) Making Hypothesis B) Gaining new knowledge C) Making observations D) Testing theories E) Designing Experiments

The chemical properties of matter come mostly from its A) Neutrons B) electrons C) Protons

The earth's atmosphere gets most of its heat A) at high altitudes closer to the sun B) near the surface of the Earth C) from Earth's core

The higher the temperature of an object, A) the longer the wavelengths it radiates B) the shorter the wavelengths it radiates C) makes no difference in the wavelengths it radiates D) no answer text provdied

The kind of speed you read on a speedometer is A) average speed B) instantaneous speed C) changing speed D) constant speed

The lowest temperature possible in nature is A) 0 oC B) -273 oC C) 273 K D) 4K

The magnetic force on a moving charged particle can change the particle's A) speed B) direction C) both A and B D) neither

The pressure in a stream of water is reduced as the stream speeds up. Can a stream of water from a fire hose actually knock a person off his or her feet? A) it can't as Bernoulli's principle illustrates B) it can, and is consistent with Bernoulli's principle C) Bernoulli's principle works only for laminar flow, which the stream is not D) none

The same quantity of heat is added to different amounts of water in two equal-size containers. The temperature of the smaller amount of water A) decreases more B) increases more C) does not change D) not enough information

The vibrations along a transverse wave move in a direction A) along the wave B) perpendicular to the wave C) both A and B D) neitehr

The voltage across the input terminals of a transformer is 110 V. The primary has 50 loops and the secondary has 25 loops. The voltage the transformer puts out is A) 220 V B) 55 V C) 25 V D) 110 V

The volume of matter comes mostly from its A) Neutrons B) Electrons C) Protons

The weight of matter comes mostly from its A) electrons B) protons C) protons + electrons

Two charges separated by one meter exert 1-N forces on each other. If the charges are pushed to 1/4 meter separation, the force on each charge will be A) 4 N B) 16 N C) 1 N D) 2 N

Two charges separated by one meter exert 1-N forces on each other. If the magnitude of each charge is doubled, the force on each charge is A) 1 N B) 4 N C) 2N D) 8 N

Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 20 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warmer block warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the A) 1st law of thermodynamics B) 2nd law of thermodynamics C) both of these D) neither of these

Two objects move toward each other because of gravity. As the objects get closer and closer, the acceleration of each A) decreases B) increases C) remains constant D) no answer text provided

We are warmed by condensation because water molecules in the air that strike our bodies A) gain kinetic energy as they change state B) transfer some of their kinetic energy to us C) form an insulating layer on our bodies D) No answer text provided

WesleyThe "greenhouse gases" that contribute to global warming absorb A) more visible radiation than infrared B) more infrared radiation than visible C) visible and infrared radiation about equally D) very little radiation of any kind

What is the weight of water displaced by a 100 ton floating ship A) less than 100 tons B) 100 tons C) more than 100 tons D) depends on the ship's shape

When a 100_W light bulb is connected to a 120_V source the current in the light bulb is A) 12 A B) 0.833 A C) 0.05 A D) 1 A

When a car is struck by lightning, the resulting electric field inside the car is A) small enough to be safe for an occupant inside B) zero C) normally huge for a time longer than the lightning stroke itself D) normally huge, but for a brief time

When a car rounds a curve, it is A) moving uniformly B) accelerating C) in rotational equilibrium D) changing its speed

When a fire engine approaches you, the A) speed of its sound increases B) frequency of sound increases C) wavelength of its sound increases D) all of the above increase

When a fish decreases the size of its air bladder, the density of the fish A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same D) none

When a fish makes itself less dense, the buoyant force on it A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same D) none

When a gas is changed to a liquid state, the gas A) absorbs energy B) releases energy C) either D) absorbs and release energy

When a pair of 1-ohm resistors are connected in series, their combined resistance is A) 1 ohm, and when connected in parallel, 2 ohms B) 2 ohms, and when in parallel, 1/2 ohm C) 1/2 ohm, and when in parallel, 2 ohms D) 2 ohms, and when in parallel, 1 ohm

When a projectile achieves escape speed from Earth, it A) forever leaves Earth's gravitational field B) outruns the influence of Earth's gravity, but is never beyond it C) comes to an eventual stop, returning to Earth at some future time D) all of the above

When a sample of 0C water is heated, it first A) expands B) contracts C) remains unchanged D) not enough information

When a submarine takes water into its ballast tanks, its density A) decreases B) increases C) remains the same D) none of the above

When a system does work and no heat is added to the system, its temperature A) remains unchanged B) decreases C) no answer text provided D) increases

When an elevator accelerates downward, your weight reading is A) greater B) less C) zero D) the normal weight

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes A) smaller B) larger C) neither smaller nor larger D) either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness

When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume and the temperature remains the same, the gas pressure A) Halves B) doubles C) quadruples D) remains the same

When gas in container is squeezed to half its volume, its density A) halves B) doubles C) quadruples D) remains the same

When lift is greater, the helicopter A) climbs down B) climbs up C) hovers in midair D) none of the above

When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be increase in A) its temperature B) neither temperature nor internal energy C) its internal energy D) both temperature and internal energy

When no air resistance acts on a projectile, its horizontal acceleration is A) varies at each point B) zero C) right angles to g D) g

When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air is A) cooled B) warmed C) insulated D) thermally conducting

When the force that produces an impulse acts for twice as much time, the impulse is A) not changed B) doubled C) quadrupled D) halved

When the speed of an object is doubled, its momentum A) remains unchanged in accord with the conservation of momentum B) doubles C) quadruples D) decreases

When the string is pulled down quickly, the bottom string breaks, which best illustrates the A) weight of the ball B) mass of the ball C) volume of the ball D) density of the ball

When you buy a water pipe in a hardware store, the water isn't included. When you buy copper wire, electrons A) must be supplied by you, just as water just be supplied for a water pipe B) are already in the wire C) may fall out, which is why wires are insulated D) none of the above

When you stand on one foot instead of two, the force you exert on the floor is A) less B) the same C) more D) none of the above

When you stand on two bathroom scales, with one foot on each scale and with your weight evenly distributed, each scale will read A) your weight B) half your weight C) zero D) more than your weight

Where magnetic field lines are more dense, the field there is A) weaker B) stronger C) both A and B D) neither

Whereas impulse involves force and time, work involves force and A) time B) distance C) velocity D) acceleration

Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) gold B) lead C) silver D) mercury

Which is the better statement? A) A black object absorbs energy well B) An object that absorbs energy well is black C) both say the same thing, so both are equivalent D) both are untrue

Which of the following particles are electrically neutral? A) proton B) neutron C) Electron D) All of the above

While an object near the earth's surface is in free fall, its A) acceleration increases B) velocity increases C) mass increases D) mass decreases

Without air resistance, a projectile fired horizontally at 8 km/s from atop a mountain will A) trace a curve that matches Earth's curvature B) all the statments C) return later to its starting position and repeat its falling behavior D) accelerate downward at g as it moves horizontally

You do work when pushing a cart with a constant force. If you push the cart twice as far, then the work you do is A) less than twice as much B) twice as much C) more than twice as much D) zero

You hear thunder 2 seconds after you see lightning flash. How far away is the lightning? A) 330 m B) 660 m C) more than 660 m D) there's no way to tell

You heat a half-cup of tea and its temperature rises by 4C. How much will the temperature rise if you add the same amount of heat to a full cup of tea? A) 0 o C B) 2 o C C) 4 o C D) 8 o C

You run horizontally at 4 m/s in a vertically falling rain that falls at 4 m/s. Relative to you, the raindrops are falling at an angle of A) 0 o B) 45 o C) 53 .o D) 90 o

Your weight is A) all of the above B) force due to gravity C) a property of mechanical equilibrium D) none of the above E) actually your mass

of one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is A) boron B) helium C) hydrogen D) beryllium

the chemical properties of matter come mostly from its A) protons B) electrons D) No answer text provided E) neutrons

the weight of matter comes mostly from its A) electrons and protons B) protons and neutrons C) neutrons D) protons

when a fish itself less dense the buoyant force on it A) decreases B) increases C) no answer text provided

which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? A) gold B) uranium C) carbon D) iron E) helium

A nucleus with an atomic number of 44 and a mass number of 100 must have A) 44 neutrons B) 56 neutrons C) 100 neutrons D) all of the above

Which of these is not a scientific hypothesis? A) Protons carry an electric charge B) Undetectable particles are some of nature's secrets C) Charged particles will bend when moving in a magnetic field D) All of the above are scientific hypotheses

B)--> If protons didn't carry electric charge, they wouldn't be deflected when crossing a magnetic field. This would be a test for showing the hypothesis wrong.

Similarities in religion and science

Both deal with unanswered questions

A 50-kg sack is lifted 2 m in the same time as a 25-kg sack is lifted 4 m. The power expended in raising the 50-kg sack compared to the power used to lift the 25-kg sack is A) twice as much B) half as much C) the same D) none

A 5000-N car is lifted on a hydraulic piston of area 2000 square centimeters. How much force on a 20-square-centimeter piston is needed to lift the car? A) 500 N B) 400 N C) 50 N D) 10 N

A bowling ball is in equilibrium when it A) is at rest B) moves steadily in a straight line path C) both of the above D) none of the above

A cannon recoils from firing a cannonball. The speed of the cannon's recoil is small because the A) force against the cannon is smaller than against the ball B) momentum is mainly concentrated in the ball C) cannon has more mass than the ball D) momentum of the cannon is smaller

A completely submerged object always displaces its own A) density of fluid B) weight of fluid C) volume of fluid D) All of these E) None of these

A coulomb of charge that passes through a 6-volt battery is given A) 6 A B) 6 C C) 6 J D) 6 N

A device that transforms electrical energy to mechanical energy is a A) transformer B) magnet C) motor D) generator

A dirigible that hovers in air A) displaces its volume of air B) displaces its weight of air C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

A fish normally displaces its own A) volume of water B) weight of water C) both D) neither

A free-falling object has a speed of 30 m/s at one instant. Exactly one second later its speed will be A) the same B) 35 m/s C) more than 35 m/s D) 60 m/s

A horse gallops a distance of 10 kilometers in a time of 30 minutes. It's average speed is A) 30 km/h B) 40 km/h C) 20 km/h D) 15 km/h

A kilogram is a measure of an object's A) gravity B) force C) mass D) center of mass

A magnetic field easily penetrates A) human flesh B) plastic coating C) all three D) iron

A man weighing 800 N stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed evenly over both scales. The reading on each scale is A) 0N B) 200N C) 400N D) 800N

A positive ion has more A) protons than neutrons B) neutrons than protons C) protons than electrons D) electrons than protons

A rock suspended by a string weighs 11 N out of water and 9 N when submerged. What is the buoyant force on the rock? A) 8 N B) 3 N C) 2 N D) 5 N

A sheet of paper can be quickly withdrawn from under a soft-drink can without the can toppling, because A) gravity pulls harder on the can than on the paper B) the can has weight C) the can has inertia D) none

A transformer actually transforms A) generators and motors B) magnetic fields C) voltage D) all of the above

A vehicle undergoes acceleration when it A) changes direction B) is slowing down C) all of the above D) is speeding up

According to Newton, doubling the distance between two interacting objects A) multiplies by 2 the gravitational force between them B) multiplies by 4 the gravitational force between them C) divides by 4 the gravitational force between them D) divides by 2 the gravitational force between them

According to Newton, the greater the masses of interacting objects, the A) greater the force between them by the square of the masses B) less the gravitational force between them C) greater the gravitational force between them

Airplane flight best illustrates A) Boyle's law B) Pascal's principle C) Bernoulli's principle D) Archimedes' principle

Although warm air rises, why are mountaintops cold and snow covered, while the valleys below are relatively warm and green? A) warm air cools when rising B) there is a thick insulating blanket of air above valleys C) both A and B D) none of the above

Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. Place equal amounts of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be A) both of these B) no answer text provided C) copper D) aluminum

An apple weighs 1 N. The magnitude of net force on the apple when it is in free-fall is A) 0N B) 0.1N C) 1N D) 10N

An automobile cannot maintain a constant speed when A) accelerating B) rounding a curve C) both of the above D) neither of the above

An electromagnet can be made stronger by A) increasing the number of turns of wire B) increasing the current in the coil C) both A and B D) none

An object is placed exactly halfway between Earth and the Moon. The object will fall toward the A) moon B) neither Earth nor moon C) earth D) it will flaot

An uncharged pith ball is suspended by a nylon fiber. When a negatively charged rubber rod is brought nearby, without touching it, the pith ball A) no effect B) becomes charged by induction C) becomes polarized D) is repelled by the rod

As a woman holding her breath swims deeper and deeper beneath the water's surface, her density A) decreases B) remains the same C) increases

At one instant, an object in free-fall has a speed of 40 m/s. Its speed one second later is A) also 40 m/s B) 45 m/s C) 50 m/s D) none of the above

Atmospheric pressure is caused by the A) temperature of the atmosphere B) effect of the sun's energy on the atmosphere C) weight of the atmosphere D) density of the atmosphere

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to A) zero degrees C B) minus 32 degrees C C) 4 degrees C D) None of the above are true. Ice can form at the surface regardless of the water temperature below

Boiling water does not increase in temperature when additional heat is applied because A) added input energy doesn't increase the water's internal energy B) the temperature doesn't change in a change of state C) the increased heating produces increased boiling, and therefore increased cooling D) none of these

Brownian motion has to do with the A) atomic vibrations B) size of atoms C) random motions of atoms and molecules D) first direct measurement of atomic motion E) rhythmic movements of atoms in a liquid

Buoyant force is greatest on a submerged A) 1 cubic centimeter block of aluminum B) 1 cubic centimeter block of lead C) is the same on each

Communications and weather satellites always appear at the same place in the sky. This is because these satellites are A) moving at a speed just short of escape velocity B) stationary in space C) orbiting Earth with a 24 hour period D) beyond the pull of Earth's gravitational field

Consider a cart pushed along a track with a certain force. If the force remains the same while the mass of the cart decreases to half, the acceleration of the cart A) remains the same B) halves C) doubles D) changes upredictably

Disregarding air resistance, objects fall with constant A) speed B) distance C) acceleration D) velocity

Disregarding air resistance, objects fall with constant A) velocity B) speed C) acceleration D) distance each successive second

Earth pulls Moon with a force of 2 x 10^20 N. The force with which moon pulls the Earth is A) more B) less C) equal D) None of the above

Electrons are made to flow in a wire when there is A) none of the cases B) more potential energy at one end of the wire than the other C) a potential difference across its ends D) an imbalance of charges in the wire

Energy transfer by convection is primarily restricted to A) gases B) solids C) fluids D) liquids

If a magnet is pushed into a coil, voltage is induced across the coil. If the same magnet is pushed into a coil with one half the number of loops, A) the same voltage is induced B) twice as much voltage is induced C) one half as much voltage is induced D) four times as much voltage is induced

If a solid object radiates more energy than it absorbs, its A) temperature decreases B) internal energy decrease C) internal energy and temperature decrease D) none of the above

If an object's mass is decreasing while a constant force is applied to the object, the acceleration A) remains the same B) decreases C) increases

If the Earth's mass decreased to one-half its original mass with no change in radius, then your weight would A) decrease to one quarter your original weight B) stay the same C) decrease to one half your original weight D) None

If the distance between two planets decreases to half, the force of gravity between them A) one-fourth B) one half C) quadruples D) doubles

If the mass of an object decreases to half, and its speed doubles, its momentum is A) doubles B) quadrupled C) same D) one fourth

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?

If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is A) neon B) helium C) carbon atom D) nitrogen

If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is A) nitrogen B) helium C) carbon D) neon E) positively charged oxygen

If you hold one end of a metal bar against a piece of ice, the end in your hand will soon become cold. Does cold flow from the ice to your hand? A) yes B) in some cases, yes C) no D) in some cases, no

If you push an object just as far while applying twice the force, you do A) twice as much B) four times as much C) the same amount as for half the work in half the time D) none

If you weigh yourself in an elevator, you'll weigh more when the elevator A) moves upward B) moves downward C) accelerates upward D) all of the above

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for heat, you would be warmer in A) a wooden house B) a car C) an igloo D) a tent

Interference is a property of A) sound B) light C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

Metals are both good heat conductors and good electrical conductors because of the A) ability of metals to transfer energy easily B) similarity between thermal and electrical conductive properties C) looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms D) relatively high densities of metals

Near the top of a mountain, water in an open pot boils at A) the same temperature as at sea level B) a higher temperature than at sea level C) a lower temperature than at sea level D) None of the above choices are true

Neglecting friction, a large block of ice and a small block of ice start sliding down an incline together. The heavier block will get to the bottom A) before the light block. B) after the light block C) at the same time as the light block D) none

Newton's law of cooling applies to objects that are A) heating B) cooling C) heating/cooling D) none of the above

Normally a small party balloon charged to several thousand volts will have a relatively small amount of A) energy B) charge C) charge and energy D) neither charge nor energy

On a windy day, waves in a lake or the ocean are higher than their average height. What factor in Bernoulli's principle contributes to the increased height? A) reduced pressure pulls water upward B) pressure builds up over the crests C) air travels faster over the crests than the troughs D) none

Starting from rest, the distance a freely falling object will fall in 2 s is about A) 10 m B) .20 m C) 20 m D) 1.0 m

Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam A) warming process B) gives up additional energy when it condenses. C) Choices A and B are both correct D) none of the above

Suppose you put a closed, sealed can of air on a hot stove burner. The contained air will undergo an increase in A) pressure B) temperature and pressure C) internal energy, temperature and pressure D) internal energy E) temperature

The Doppler effect occurs for A) sound B) light C) both A and B D) neither

The Earth pulls on the Moon. Similarly, the Moon pulls on the Earth, evidence that A) Earth and the Moon are simply pulling on each other B) Earth's and the Moon's pulls comprise an action—reaction pair C) both A and B D) none

The atomic number of an element matches the number of A) Protons in the nucleus B) Electrons in a neutral atom C) Both of the above D) Neither of the above

The conservation of momentum is most closely related to A) Newton first law B) Newton second law C) Newton third law D) all of the above

The density of 5 kilograms of iron is A) Less than the density of 5 kg of apple B) The same as the density of 5 kg of apple C) Greater than the density of 5 kg of apple D) None

The distance between adjacent peaks in the direction of travel for a transverse wave is its A) frequency B) period C) wavelength D) amplitude

The fact that desert sand is ver hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has A) a high specific heat B) no specific heat C) a low specific heat

The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is A) 0N B) more than 10N C) 10N D) less than 10N

The force that allows you to walk is A) the friction force of the floor on your foot B) the reaction force of your foot against the floor C) both A and B D) neither A and B

The magnetic field inside a current-carrying coil increases when A) The magnetic field inside a current-carrying coil increases when -the number of loops of wire in the coil increases B) current is increased C) both of these D) none of the above

The mass number of an element refers to the number of A) Only protons in its nucleus B) Only neutrons in its nucleus C) Nucleons in its nucleus D) all of the above

The newton is a unit of A) inertia B) mass C) force D) density

The planet Earth loses heat mainly by A) convection B) conduction C) radiation D) all of the above

The pressure in a liquid depends on liquid A) density B) depth C) both of these D) Neither

The reason a person finds it easier to float in salt water, compared with fresh water, is that in salt water A) the buoyant force is greater B) a person feels less heavy C) neither of theses D) none

The reason that an electron moving in a magnetic field doesn't pick up speed is A) magnets only divert them B) only electric fields can change the speed of a charged particle C) the magnetic force is always perpendicular to its motion D) all of the above

The reason the moon does not crash into Earth is that the A) moon has less mass than the Earth B) gravitational pull of other planets keeps the moon up C) moon has a sufficient tangential speed D) Earth's gravitational field is weak at the moon E) None

The source of all magnetism is A) electrons rotating around an atomic nucleus B) electrons spinning around an internal axes C) both A and B D) tiny bits of iron

The surface of Earth loses energy to outer space due mostly to A) conduction B) convection C) radiation D) radioactivity

The use of inclined planes for Galileo's experiments helped him to A) eliminate the acceleration of free fall B) discover the concept of energy C) discover the property called inertia D) discover the concept of momentum

The use of inclined planes for Galileo's experiments helped him to A)eliminate the acceleration of free fall B) discover the concept of energy C) discover the property called inertia D) discover the concept of momentum.

The velocity of a typical projectile can be represented by horizontal and vertical components. Assuming negligible air resistance, the horizontal component along the path of the projectile A) increases B) decreases C) remains the same D) not enough information

The wavelength of a longitudinal wave is the distance between A) successive compressions B) successive rarefactions C) both A and B D) neither

The weight of a 1 square meter column of air that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere is A) 101 N B) 10,100 N C) 101,000 N D) 101,000,000 N

To say that body A has a higher temperature than body B is to say that body A has more A) thermal energy B) mass C) kinetic energy per particle D) potential energy

Two lamps, one with a thick filament and one with a thin filament, are connected in parallel to a battery. The voltage is greatest across the lamp with the A) thin filament B) thick filament C) both voltages are the same D) none of the above

Two objects, A and B, have the same size and shape, but A is twice as heavy as B. When they are dropped simultaneously from a tower, they reach the ground at the same time, but A has greater A) speed B) acceleration C) momentum D) all of the above

Two protons attract each other gravitationally and repel each other electrically. By far the greater force is A) the gravitational attraction B) both of these C) the electrical repulsion D) neither of these

Voltage can be induced in a wire by A) changing the current in a nearby wire B) moving a magnet near the wire C) choices A, B, and C are all true D) moving the wire near a magnet

Water pressure is greatest against the A) is the same against all surfaces B) sides of a submerged object C) bottom of a submerged object D) top of a submerged objec

What is escape speed? A) the fastest speed an object can fall toward Earth B) the speed for a body to maintain orbit C) the speed required to leave a gravitational field D) close to the speed of light

What makes an element distinct? A) the number of electrons B) none C) the number of protons D) the number of neutrons E) the total mass of the particles

When Josh pushes a refrigerator across a kitchen floor at a constant speed, the force of friction between the refrigerator and the floor is A) less than Josh's push B) equal to Josh's push C) equal and opposite to Josh's push D more than Josh's push

When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is A) copper gets hotter before iron B) iron expands more than copper C) copper expands more than iron D) iron gets hotter before copper

When a cannon is fired, the accelerations of the cannon and cannonball are different because the A) forces don't occur at the same time B) forces, although theoretically the same, in practice are not C) masses are different D) ratios of force to mass are the same

When a car is braked to a stop, its kinetic energy is transformed to A) stopping energy B) energy of rest C) heat energy D) potential energy

When a fish expands its air bladder the density of the fish A) same B) Increases C) decreases D) none

When an object is lifted 10 m, it gains a certain amount of potential energy. If the same object is lifted 20 m, its potential energy gain is A) less B) the same C) twice as much D) four times as much

When both the force and time of contact are doubled, the impulse on an object is A) unchanged B) doubles C) quadrupled D) decreased

When lift equals the weight of a helicopter, the helicopter A) climbs down B) climbs up C) hovers in midair D) none of the above

When mechanical work is done on a system, there can be an increase in A) its internal energy B) its temperature C) both temperature and internal energy D) neither temperature or internal energy

When the air is removed by a vacuum pump and the activity is repeated, A) the feather hits the bottom first, before the coin hits B) the coin hits the bottom first, before the feather hits C) both the coin and the feather drop together side-by-side D) not enough information

When the elevator cable breaks, the elevator falls freely, so your weight reading is A) greater B) less C) zero D) the normal weight

When you jump from an elevated position, you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground. By doing this, the time of the impact is about ten times more than for a stiff-legged landing. In this way, the average force your body experiences is reduced by A) less than 10 times B) more than 10 times C) about 10 times D) average force reduced to zero

When you squeeze a party balloon to 0.8 its volume, the pressure in the balloon A) is 0.8 its former pressure B) remains the same if you squeeze it slowly C) is 1.25 times greater D) is 8 times greater

When you stand at rest on a pair of bathroom scales, the readings on the scales will always A) each be half your weight B) each equal your weight C) add to equal your weight

When you stand on one foot instead of two, the pressure you exert on the floor is A) less B) the same C) more D) none of the above

When you step off a curb, Earth pulls you downward. The reaction to this force is A) a slight air resistance B) nonexistent in this case C) you pulling Earth upward D) none of the above

Which body glows with electromagnetic waves? A) sun B) Earth C) both A and B D) neither A nor B

Which has the greatest density? A) 0.1kg of feathers B) 0.1 kg of feathers C) 1 kg of lead D) 10 kg of feathers

Which has zero acceleration? A) object at rest B) object moving with constant velocity C) All of the above D) object at mechanical equilibrium

Which is greater, the force on the bug or the force on the bus? A) bug B) bus C) Both are the same D) cannot say

Which of the following are electrically neutral? A) proton B) electron C) neutron D) ion E) non

Which of the following normally warms up fastest when heat is applied? A) glass B) water C) iron D) wood E) All of the above

With all other factors equal, the most likely to burn your mouth when taken directly from an oven is a food with A) none of the above B) Depends upon the quality of food C) low specific heat D) high specific heat

Your friend says that impulse equals momentum . This statement isn't correct, and the missing word is A) velocity B) force C) change D) no the statement is correct

Your weight is A) a property of mechanical equilibrium B) equal to your mass C) the gravitational attraction force between you and the Earth D) all of these

Your weight is A) actually your mass B) a property of mechanical equilibrium C) The gravitational attraction between you and the Earth D) all of the above

a Circuit breaker often serves the same purpose as a A) battery B) capacitor C) fuse D) all of the above

an object weighs 30 N on Earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which has the greater mass? A) the one on Earth B) the one on the Moon C) They have the same mass D) not enough information given

consider drops of water that leak at a steady rate from a dripping faucet as the drop fall they A) distance remains constant through out B) No answer text provided. C) they get farther D) they get closer

in out part of the universe, antimatter is A) plentiful B) long-lived C) short-lived D) non-existent

inside a magnet, magnetic field lines are conventionally drawn from A) east to west B) either way C) south to north D) north to south

the field surrounding every moving electron is A) sometimes magnetic and sometimes electric B) always magnetic but never electric C) always both electric and magnetic D) always electric but never magnetic

the pressure at the bottom of a jug filled with water does NOT depend on A) water density B) the acceleration due to gravity C) surface area of the water D) the height of the liquid E) None

Which of these often changes over time with further study? A) Facts B) Theories C) Both D) Neither

C) Both

A hydrogen atom and a carbon atom move at the same speed. Which has a greater kinetic energy?

Carbon

Molecule

Combination of 2 or 3 atoms

A 2-kg mass is held 4 m above the ground. What is the approximate potential energy of the mass with respect to the ground? A) 20J B) 40J C) 8J D) 80J

A body undergoes acceleration whenever there is a change in its A) speed B) velocity C) direction D) all of the above

A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake A) alternately expands and contracts as it rises B) becomes smaller as it rises C) rises to the top at constant volume D) becomes larger as it rises E) None

A bullet is fired from a gun. The speed of the bullet will be about the same as the speed of the recoiling gun A) because momentum is conserved. B) because velocity is conserved. C) because both velocity and momentum are conserved D) if the mass of the bullet equals the mass of the gun

A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the force exerted on the car? A) 500N B) 1000N C) 1500N D) 2000N

A car moves four times as fast as an identical car. Compared to the slower car, the faster car has A) 4 times the KE B) 8 times the KE C) 12 times the KE D) 16 times the KE

A certain transformer doubles input voltage. If the primary coil has 50 A of current, then the current in the secondary coil is A) 10 A B) 5 A C) none D) 25 A E) 100 A

A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is A) equal to its weight B) equal to its weight divided by its mass C) equal to the product of its masses times its weight D) zero

A jumbo jet has a mass of 100,000 kg. The thrust for each of its four engines is 50,000 N. What is the jet's acceleration in meters per second per second when taking off? A) 0.25 B) 4 C) 1 D) 2 E) None

A main difference between gravitational and electric forces is that electrical forces A) act over short distance B) obey inverse square law C) attract D) repel or attract

A moving object has A) momentum B) energy C) speed D) all of the above

A nucleus with an atomic number of 10 and a mass number of 22 must have A) 10 protons B) 12 neutrons C) 22 nucleons D) all of the above

A one-ton blimp hovers in the air. The buoyant force acting on it is A) zero B) less than one ton C) more than one ton D) one ton

A player catches a ball. Consider the action force to be the impact of the ball against the player's glove. The reaction to this force is the A) friction of the ground against the player's shoes B) muscular effort in the player's arms C) player's grip on the glove D) force the glove exerts on the ball E) None

A satellite in orbit around the Earth is above Earth's A) neither of the above B) gravitational field C) both of the above D) atmosphere

A step-up transformer increases A) neither energy or power B) energy C) power D) voltage

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a A) high conductivity B) low conductivity C) high specific heat D) low specific heat

A temperature difference of 10 degrees Celsius is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the A) both B) Fahrenheit scale C) No answer text provdied D) Kelvin scale

A truly educated person is knowledgeable about A) Science B) the arts C) religion D) All of the above

An archer shoots an arrow. Consider the action force to be the bowstring against the arrow. The reaction to this force is the A) weight of the arrow B) air resistance against the bow C) friction of the ground against the archer's feet D) arrow's push against the bowstring

An object in mechanical equilibrium is an object A) at rest B) moving with constant velocity C) having no acceleration D) all of the above

An object that has potential energy may have this energy because of its A) speed B) acceleration C) momentum D) location

As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere, its A) volume decreases B) density increases C) weight increases D) none

As an object freely falls, its A) both B) none C) acceleration increases D) velocity increases

As you go to higher elevations above sea level the boiling point of water A) stay the same B) changes with the initial temperature of the water C) increases D) decrases

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to A) -4 oC B) -32 oC C) 0 oC D) 4 oC

Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-g block of solid iron has same A) mass B) volume C) inertia D) density E) all of these

Compared to a single lamp connected to a battery, two identical lamps connected in series to the same battery will carry A) depends upon where it is measured B) more current C) the same D) less current

Compared to the primary voltage, the secondary voltage may be A) larger B) the same or smaller but not larger C) smaller D) larger, smaller, or the same

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same A) volume B) all of the above C) weight D) none E) mass

Consider a lamp powered by a battery. Charge flows A) out of the battery and into the lamp B) from the negative terminal to the positive terminal C) with a . slight time delay after closing the switch D) through both the battery and the lamp

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is A) water contracts when freezing B) the ground contracts when colder, pulling pipes out C) the thawing process releases pressure on the pipes D) water expands when freezing E) none

Evaporation is a cooling process because A) heat is radiated during the process B) the temperature of the remaining liquid decreases C) of conduction and convection D) the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid

Heat a copper wire and its electric resistance A) decreases B) remains unchanged C) none of the above D) increases

How many different elements are in a water molecule? A) three B) one C) None D) Two E) four

Ice has a lower density than water because ice A) molecules are more compact in the solid state B) density decreases with decreasing temperature C) molecules vibrate at lower rates than water molecules D) is made of open-structured, hexagonal crystals E) sinks

If a freely falling object were somehow equipped with a speedometer on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is 20 m/s2, then its speed reading would increase each second by A) 10 m/s B) depends on the initial speed C) 40 m/s D) 20 m/s

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a mercury thermometer would rise when the temperature A) none of these B) no answer text provided C) increases D) Decreases

In a hydraulic device, it is impossible for the A) output piston to move farther than the input piston B) force output to exceed the force input C) output piston's speed to exceed the input piston's speed D) energy output to exceed energy input

In each second of fall, the distance a freely falling object will fall is A) the same, but not 5 m or 10 m B) about 5 m C) about 10 m D) increasing E) None of these

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than nonpadded ones because an occupant hitting the dash has A) decreased impulse B) decreased time of impact C) increase momentum D) increase time of impact

Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is because A) none B) of nuclear forces C) atoms are constantly vibrating even at absolute zero D) of electrical forces E) of gravitational forces

Superconductors are noted for their A) high resistance B) low cost C) low resistance D) zero resistance

The average speed of driving 30 km in 1 hour is the same average speed as driving A) 30 km in one half hour B) 30 km in two hours C) 60 km in one half hour D) 60 km in two hours

The direction of an electric field is the direction of the force that the field would exert on A) an electron B) molecule C) a neutral test charge D) a proton

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold in the night is evidence that sand has A) no specific heat B) no answer text provided C) a high specific heat D) a low specific heat

The force exerted on the tires of a car to directly accelerate it along a road is exerted by the A) engine B) tires C) air D) road

The force of friction can occur A) with sliding objects B) in water C) in air D) all of the above

The force on an apple hitting the ground depends upon A) the speed of the apple just before it hits B) the time of impact with the ground C) whether or not the apple bounces D) all of the above

The intensity of cosmic rays bombarding the Earth's surface is largest at the A) equator B) mid-latitude C) same everywhere D) poles

The mass of cubic meter of water is A) 1 kg B) 10 kg C) 100 kg D) 1000 kg

The most basics science A) Chemistry B) Biology C) Math D) Physics

The origin of the elements is A) nature's secret B) Earth itself C) The sun D) the stars

The principal advantage of ac power over dc power is that A) ac voltage oscillates while dc voltage does not B) ac circuits multiply power more easily C) ac circuits are safer D) ac voltage can be transformed via conventional transformers

The process of boiling A) cools the water being boiled B) depends on atmospheric pressure C) is a change of phase below the water surface D) all of the above

The reason that buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object is that A) it acts in a direction to oppose gravity B) if it acted downward, nothing would float C) the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force D) upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the top of the submerged object

The reason that buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object is that A) it acts in a direction to oppose gravity B) the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force C) if it acted downward, nothing would float D) upward pressure against the bottom is greater than downward pressure against the top of the submerged object

The smallest particle of those listed below is A) a proton B) an atom C) a molecule D) a quark E) A neutron

The unit of electric charge, the coulomb, is the charge on A) one electron B) a specific number of neutrons C) a neutron D) a specific number of electrons

The white-hot sparks that strike your skin from a 4th-of-july-type sparkler don't harm you because A) the energy per molecule is very low B) they have a low temperature C) it doesn't matter D) the energy per molecule is high, but little energy is transferred because of the few molecules in the spark

What is known about atoms is that they are A) perpetually moving B) tinier than the wavelengths of visible light C) recycling among innumerable forms D) All of the above

What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface? A) 250N B) 509.8 N C) 50 N D) 500 N

When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume and the temperature remains the same, the gas pressure A) quadruples B) halves C) remains the same D) doubles

When the distance between two stars decreases by half, the force between them. A) increases to twice as much B) decrease by one-half C) decreases by one-quarter D) increases to four times as much

When two lamps are connected in parallel to a battery, the electrical resistance that the battery senses is A) more than the resistance of either lamp B) both are the same C) none D) less than the resistance of either lamp

Which has zero acceleration? An object A) in mechanical equilibrium B) at rest C) moving at constant velocity D) All E) None

Which of the following statements is true? A) There are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances B) A large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope C) An atom is the smallest particle known to exist D) There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances E) None

Which of these statements is true? A) Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance B) Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules C) None D) Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retains chemical properties of a substance E) A molecule is the smallest particle that exists

`A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top partly because A) surface tension exists only on the surface of liquids B) it looks better C) water is denser at deeper levels D) water pressure is greater with increasing depth E) None

nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in A) the mother's womb B) none C) the food the mother eats before giving birth D) ancient stars E) the Earth

A person who says "that's only a theory" likely doesn't know that a scientific theory is a A) Guess B) Number of facts C) Hypothesis of sorts D) Vast synthesis of well-tested hypotheses and facts

Which of the following are incorrect statements about the atom? A) Atoms are smaller than the wavelength of visible light B) Atoms are mostly empty space, just as the solar system is mostly empty space C) Atoms are perpetually moving D) Atoms are manufactured in plants, and in humans during pregnancy

A kilogram is a measure of an object's A) gravity B) center of mass C) force D) weight E) mass

As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere, its A) volume decreases B) density increases C) mass decreases D) weight increases E) none of these

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same A) weight B) mass C) volume D) all of the above E) none of the above

Consider a closed sealed can of air placed on a hot stove. The contained air undergoes an increase in A) temperature and mass B) temperature C) mass D) mass and pressure E) pressure and temperature F) pressure

Friction occurs when one object rubs against A) liquid B) air C) solid E) all of the above

Ice cubes submerged at the bottom of a liquid indicate that the liquid A) is not displaced by the submerged object B) is warmer than the ice C) produces no buoyant force on the ice D) has dissolved air E) is less dense than ice

If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is A) lithium B) hydrogen C) beryllium D) boron E) Helium

The reason a life jacket you float is A) the jacket makes you weigh less B) the jacket has the same density as an average human C) the jacket repels water D) if you sink the jacket sinks E) the density of both you and the jacket together is less than your density alone

What prevents satellites such as the space shuttle from falling? A) centrifugal force B) gravity C) the absence of air drag D) centripetal force E) Nothing; they are continually falling as they orbit the Earth

Consider two planets in space that gravitationally attract each other. If the masses of both planets are doubled, and the distance between them is also doubled, then the force between them is A) half as much B) twice as much C) one quarter D) four times as much E) none of these

E- they would be the same

What kind of light has a very small wavelengths so you can see an atom

Electron Beam light

Physical sciences

Geology, astronomy, chemistry, and physics

What are the 8 noble gases?

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Uuo

If one neutron is added to the helium nucleus, the result is

Helium

What is the most abundant element?

Hydrogen

Which is the lightest element

Hydrogen

What is the lightest element and why

Hydrogen because it has no nucleus

Light bulbs always use _________ so they do not react with the filament

Inert gases

18th group

Inert/Noble gases

Religion

Involves faith and worship of a supreme being

Technology

Is the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes and to provide tools for further exploration

2 particles that are smaller than atoms

Leptons and Quarks

Mass of proton is almost equal to what

Mass of Neutron

If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is

Neon

What are the 4 steps to the scientific method?

Observation, Experiment, Data/Analysis, Final Result

What are the 5 common steps of most methods?

Observe, Question, Predict, Test Predictions, Draw a Conclusion

Length of one wave

One complete cycle

5 elements humans are made up of

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Calcium (OHNCaC)

Horizontal rows in a periodic table

Periods

What underlies all the sciences?

Physics

What are the 3 main branches of science?

Physics, Chemistry, and Biology

What was Galileo Galilei arrested for?

Popularizing the Copernican theory and for his other contributions to scientific thought

If an atom loses an electron, it becomes positive/negative iron

Positive

Positron

Positive electron (as seen in Antimatter)

Dalton

Poured pollen into a glass of water and examined under a microscope. Noticed that the particles were bouncing off water Named Brownian motion

Which two subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

Proton and Neutron

2 things that make up a Nucleus

Protons and Neutrons

Isotope

Same atomic number (number of protons), but different number of neutrons

Atom

Smallest particle you can see with your naked eye

What is the creator of all atoms

Stars

Scientific heory

Synthesis of a large body of information that encompasses well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the natural world

Art

The interpretation and expression of human experience

Mathematics

The language of science

4 characteristics of atoms

Tiny, Numerous in Number, Constantly moving, and Ageless

How many methods are there in which scientists do their work?

Unlimited

Which of these atoms has the most mass? Iron, Hydrogen, Uranium, or Lead?

Uranium

Ion

When an atom loses an electron or gains an electron

Life sciences

biology, zoology, botany

The sizes of atoms gradually _____ from left to right across the periodic table due to ______

decrease electrical force of attraction

Formula for speed

distance/time

At the time of creation, what was the smallest particle known

dust (a combination of unknown particles)

18 vertical columns on the periodic table

groups

the further down the group the ____________ they are

higher reactive

Down the group, the size of the atom ______ due to ___________

increases the addition of a new shell

The Scientific Attitude is one of _______

inquiry, experimentation, and willingness to admit error

Formula for force

mass x acceleratio

The further down the period, the nucleus becomes ______ because the force is getting _______

smaller bigger

How were the heaviest atoms formed?

supernovas

How were heavier atoms formed

thermonuclear fusion (fusion of two nuclei) in the stars

In order to see an object, what kind of light?

visible (ROYGBV colors)

If a wave length of light is smaller than the diameter of the object, then ________

you see the object

If a wave length of light is larger than the diameter of the object, then __________

you won't be able to see the object

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Physics Study Guide

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