physio

Name the structure indicated by the number 4 in the diagram.

a) Aortic semilunar valves

Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?

a) Muscle and liver

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how the rate of breathing is effected by exercise would most likely be called a(n)

a) Physiologist

What is the best definition of the origin of a muscle?

a) The attachment of a muscle to a bone which is relatively fixed in position

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by _____.

a) smooth muscle

A negative feedback system is one in which: a) the system reverses the direction of the initial condition to restore homeostasis. b) the system intensifies the direction of the initial condition to restore homeostasis. c) it is a stimulatory- stimulatory one. d) it is the most destructive to the human body.

a) the system reverses the direction of the initial condition to restore homeostasis.

Which of the following order represents the correct sequence of parts through which the blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs? 1. Right atrium 2. Tricuspid valve 3. Right ventricle 4. Pulmonary valve 5. Pulmonary artery a) 4, 1, 2, 5 and 3 b) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 c) 3, 1, 2, 4 and 5 d) 2, 5, 4, and 3

b) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

In the diagram, B represents

b) A myofiber.

Given the fact that calcium is stored in bone, how does the body restore the normal level of calcium in the blood for other systems to function when the blood calcium levels are below normal?

b) Increase osteoclast activity and decrease osteoblast activity

If an individual is in homeostasis, which of the following can NOT be present?

b) Low blood pH

The large surface area in the gut directly facilitates _____.

b) absorption

High blood cholesterol levels increase the risk of a myocardial infarction (heart attack) because

b) as cholesterol levels rise, plaque forms in blood vessels which leads to vessel occlusion(blockage) and sometimes high blood pressure.

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of organization in decreasing order of complexity?

b) chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism

myosin and actin

b) make up the thick and thin myofilaments of the myofibrils.

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because _____.

b) only certain foods contain them

Chemical signals exchanged between potential reproductive partners are called

b) pheromones.

Cardiac muscle cells are both

b) striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

Calcium ions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (use lettered choices below) 1. bind to actin and move the actin myofilament. 2. are released into the sarcoplasm following an action potential of the T-Tubles in the sacoplasmic reticulum. 3. are lower in concentration in the sarcoplasmic reticulum than in the sarcoplasm during relaxation. 4. pass through calcium releasing channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

c) 2 and 4

During periods of physical exercise there is an increase of carbon dioxide, ie. ↑[pCO2]; and

c) An increased production of carbonic acid and the pH of the body fluid tends to fall

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of all connective tissues

c) Avascular

What is the original source of energy that muscle cells use to contract (shorten)?

c) Chemical bonds in food molecules

A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break on the:

c) Diaphysis

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is knows as

c) Metabolism

Which of the following is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?

c) Spinal cord

During starvation the body depletes its energy stores in what order? a) proteins >>> carbohydrates >>> fats b) carbohydrates >>> proteins >>> fats c) carbohydrates >>> fats >>> proteins d) none of the above

c) carbohydrates >>> fats >>> proteins

Which of the following is/are a cause(s) of vasoconstriction?

c) stress or hormone concentration

Male internal sex organs consist of the

c) testes, epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, and prostate gland.

Prolonged hyperventilation, as experienced during an anxiety attack, is accompanied by 1. Respiratory acidosis 2. Respiratory alkalosis 3. A blood pH greater than 7.45 4. A blood pH less than 7.1

d) 2 and 3

Place the following into the order they would be severed (cut) by a knife during surgery. 1. Stratum lucidum 5. Dermis 2. Stratum corneum 6. Skeletal muscle 3. Stratum basale 7. Superficial fasciae (subcutaneous layer) 4. Stratum granulosum

d) 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 7, 6

An excitatory post-synaptic potential is characterized by: a) Increased permeability of the postsynaptic membrane to sodium ions b) Always producing a hyperpolarization in the neuron c) Only producing one action potential in the post-synaptic neuron d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which one of the following female structures is homologous to the dorsal portion (head) of the penis?

d) Clitoris

Which of the following is an amino acid that operates at inhibitory synapses in the brain?

d) GABA

Name the structure indicated by the number 5 in the diagram

d) Left ventricle

What is the name of the bone indicated by the number 2 in the diagram?

d) Temporal

How is the resting membrane potential of -70mV (millivolts) best interpreted?

d) The inside of the cell is 70mV more negative than the outside

Interstitial fluid is _____. a) the internal environment inside animal cells b) identical to the composition of blood c) found only in the lumen of the small intestine d) a common site of exchange between blood and body cells

d) a common site of exchange between blood and body cells

Histamines trigger dilation of nearby blood vessels, and increase in their permeability. Which of the signs of inflammation are therefore associated with histamine release?

d) all of the signs of inflammation

Most types of communication between cells utilize _____. a) the movement of the cells b) the exchange of DNA between the cells c) the exchange of cytosol between the cells d) chemical or electrical signals

d) chemical or electrical signals

Muscles work in opposing pairs. This involves the

d) contraction of one member of a pair of muscles, and the relaxation of the other member.

The two body systems that regulate homeostasis are the

d) nervous and endocrine systems.

Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is _____. a) simple columnar epithelium b) stratified squamous epithelium c) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium d) simple squamous epithelium

d) simple squamous epithelium

A cell that contains proteins enabling a hormone to selectively bind to its plasma membrane is called a(n)

d) target cell.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are regulatory substances that cause peripheral vasoconstriction, which means that they cause the blood vessels in the skin to narrow. Why is it important for the body to be able to narrow blood vessels in the skin? a) Narrowing those blood vessels may divert blood from the skin to tissues that need it more. b) Narrowing those blood vessels may prevent heat loss from the skin. c) Narrowing those blood vessels may reduce blood flow from an injury. d) a, b, and c are correct.

d.

Dr. Smith explains to her patient that he has an advanced stage of pancreatic cancer and is given six months to a year to live. Which one of the following combinations best describes the doctor's explanation to her patient? 1. diagnosis 2. symptoms 3. signs 4. disease 5. prognosis a) 1 and 2 b) 2, 3 and 4 c) 1 and 5 d) all of these

maybe c