physio lab final
If a mother has AB blood and the father also has AB blood, which is/are the possible blood type(s) of their offspring? a. A, B, AB b. AB c. A d. A, B, AB, O e. A, B
a. A, B, AB
Complete the follow statement to make it a true statement! If someone hyperventilated before holding their breath the result would be. . . a. Both choices B and C are correct b. c. An increase in cerebrospinal fluid pH c. Both choices A and C are correct d. a. The need to breath sooner than usual e. b. The ability to hold one's breath longer
a. Both choices B and C are correct
Blood pressure is dependent on which of the following variables? a. Cardiac output and vascular resistance b. Vascular resistance only c. If none of the other variables mentioned here affect blood pressure, choose this response.None d. ♡ rate only e. Cardiac output only
a. Cardiac output and vascular resistance
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): a. Promotes reabsorption of water b. Is a hormone that increases loss of water through urine c. Is produced more in males than in females d. Is the only regulator of urine production
a. Promotes reabsorption of water
find the correct match: a. T Wave: Ventricular Repolarization b. QRS Complex: Atrial Depolarization c. P Wave: Ventricular Depolarization d. QRS Complex: Atrial Contraction e. T Wave: Atrial Depolarization
a. T wave: ventricular repolarization
Which of the following statements is false? a. a buffer requires a strong acid and its base to function. b. pH is used to describe the concentration of H+ in a solution. c. H+ ions combine with bicarbonate ions to form carbonic acid d. carbonic anhydrase is the enzyme that facilitates the bicarbonate buffer system.
a. a buffer requires a strong acid and its base to function
the period during and immediately following an action potential in which a second action potential cannot be generated in response to stimulus, regardless of the strength of that stimulus, is called a/an ____ refractory period. a. absolute b. partial c. relative d. unconditional
a. absolute
a drug is administered to an isolated motor unit. you determine that an AP is occurring on the motor neuron and an AP is occurring on the muscle, but the muscle is not generating tension. what is the drug doing? a. blocking calcium release from the SR b. blocking ACh release from the neuron blocking calcium reuptake from the sacroplasm d. blocking ACh receptors on the muscle
a. blocking calcium release from the SR
While measuring one's blood pressure, the point at which the sound of turbulent blood flow ceasesis the... a. Diastolic pressure b. Pulse pressure c. Systolic pressure d. Mean Arterial Pressure
a. diastolic pressure
In the heart muscle experiment, epinephrine was administered in conjunction with phentolamine (an alpha blocker) or propranolol (a beta blocker). The resulting heart rate and strength of contraction were measured. The epinephrine + phentolamine results in an isolated heart were the same as epinephrine alone. The epinephrine + propranolol results are lower than epinephrine alone. What can we infer from these results? a. epinephrine binds to beta adrenergic receptors b. pronanolol inhibits the effects of phentolamine c. phentolamine is a competitive inhibitor of beta receptors d. epinephrine binds to alpha adrenergic receptors
a. epinephrine binds to beta adrenergic receptors
a motor unit consists of a. group of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron b. none of the above c. a single muscle cell innervated by multiple motor neurons d. groups of muscle fibers innervated by groups of motor neurons
a. group of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron
when a violinist plays a ___ notes on the violin, the wavelength of the sound is shorter and the frequency greater than when a ____ note is played a. higher, lower b. lower, higher c. louder, softer d. softer, louder
a. higher, lower
the term used to describe the type of solution in which cells will gain water from their environment is ___ a. hypotonic b. catatonic c. hypertonic d. isotonic
a. hypotonic
the intensity of muscle contraction is regulated by... a. multiple motor unit recruitment b. a and b are correct c. changing the frequency of muscle stimulation d. accumulation of hydrogen ions from lactic acid
a. multiple motor unit recruitment?
Which of the following represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximal forced expiration? a. Residual Volume b. Functional Residual Volume c. Tidal Volume d. Vital Capacity
a. residual volume
enzyme __ describes a condition where all enzymes present are bound by substrate and are working at maximum rate. a. saturation b. denaturing c. activation d. degradations
a. saturation
which of the following bands or zones of a sarcomere change their size during a muscle contraction? a. the I band and the H zone b. I band c. H zone d. A band e. the A band and the H zone f. the I band and the A band
a. the I band and the H zone
A drug called digoxin hinders the calcium secondary pumps only on the sarcolemma but has no effect on the Ca++ ATPase pumps in sarcoplasmic reticulum that pump Ca++ ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) between contractions. Digoxin decreases the amount of calcium that is returned to the extracellular fluid. What will result from this drug application? a. The strength of contraction will increase b. The action potentials in the contractile cardiac myocytes will summate leading to a tetanic contraction. c. The heart will not be affected d. The strength of contraction will decrease
a. the strength of contraction will increase
in the ♡ simulation that you will use during lab #8 (the one this next week) what is the purpose of the Krebs solution? a. to provide nutrients to the ♡ and keep the tissue alive b. to inflate the balloon and allow measurement of contraction strength c. to simulate blood flow through the atria and ventricles d. to amplify the signal to be measured during the simulation
a. to provide nutrients to the ♡ and keep the tissue alive
the ABO blood system is based on the ___ existing on the surface of the rbc and the ____ present in the plasma
antigen, antibodies
the average resting membrane potential of a neuron is normally a. 10 mV b. -70 mV c. 70 mV d. 0 mV e. 10 mV
b. -70 mV
What is the blood type of a person whose blood agglutinates in the Anti-A serum, does not agglutinate in the Anti-B serum, and does not agglutinate in the Anti-D (Rh) serum? a. O positive b. A negative c. B negative d. B positive e. A positive
b. A-
Which of the following best describes bilirubinuria? a. Glycolytic enzymes found in the urine b. An excess of converted heme groups in the urine c. Large amounts of protein found in the urine d. Large amounts of ketone bodies found in the urine
b. An excess of converted heme groups in the urine
Which of the following is a formula that calculates Vital capacity? a. TV+IRV b. TV+IRV+ERV c. ERV+RV d. TV+IRV+ERV+RV
b. TV+IRV+ERV
the membrane potential of a neuron at rest is a result of ion imbalances across the plasma membrane. which of the following statements is TRUE about resting membrane potential? a. higher concentration of Na+ ions on the inside of the cell when compared to the outside b. a higher concentration of K+ ions on the inside of the cell when compared to the outside c. a higher concentration of K+ ions on the outside of the cell when compared to the inside d. a high concentration of anions on the outside of the cell when compared to the inside
b. a higher concentration of K+ ions on the inside of the cell when compared to the outside
Which of the following statements is false? a. a peroxisome in the liver would produce more oxygen at pH 7 than at pH 10. b. a peroxisome in the liver would produce more oxygen at room temperature than at 37C c. a peroxisome in the liver would produce more oxygen at 37C than at 22. d. a peroxisome in the liver would produce more water at a pH 7 than pH 4.
b. a peroxisome in the liver would produce more oxygen at room temperature than at 37C.
which of the following best describes HCO3- a. strong base b. a bicarbonate ion c. alkalosis d. a strong acid
b. bicarbonate ion
which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is false? a. cardiac muscle has sarcomeres b. cardiac muscle is not striated c. cardiac muscle has the troponin-tropomyosin system d. myocardial cells have gap junctions
b. cardiac muscle is not striated
the force of a skeletal muscle contraction is affected by all of the following except a. length-tension relationship b. if all of these affect force of contraction, choose this response c. the frequency of stimulation d. the relative size of the muscle fibers e. the number of muscle cells stimulated (recruitment)
b. if all of these affect force of contraction, choose this response
ouabain is a poison that blocks the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase pumps. if the Na+/K+ ATPase pumps are blocked, then the concentrations of Na+ inside the cell will a. decrease b. increase c. remain unchanged
b. increase
you have two experiments. experiment A has a rate of 3.72 mm/sec and experiment B has a rate of 5.14 mm/sec. what might have you done in experiment B to cause the reaction rate to be faster than experiment A? a. increased the amount of substrate in experiment A b. increase the amount of substrate in experiment B c. you increased the amount of enzyme in experiment a d. decreased the temperature in experiment B
b. increased the amount of substrate in experiment B
diffusion a. is the movement of molecules from low concentrations to higher concentrations b. is the movement from high concentrations to lower concetrations c. always requires energy d. is not affected by temperature or size of the molecules.
b. is the movement from high concentrations to lower concentrations.
which of the following statements about osmosis is false: a. it involves diffusion b. it requires active transport c. it involves a selectively permeable membrane d. it requires a difference in solvent concentration on either side of a membrane.
b. it requires active transport
catalase is an active enzyme found most abundantly in cells of the a. spleen b. liver c. stomach d. pancreas
b. liver
osmotic pressure is defined as the amount of pressure that must be applied to prevent net flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a ___ solute concentration to a ____ solute concentration a. higher, lower b. lower, higher
b. lower, higher
a patient comes in with a pH of 7.25 and tests show that they have low HCO3- levels and low PaCO2 levels. which description (diagnosis) describes these circumstances? a. respiratory acidosis b. metabolic acidosis c. respiratory alkalosis d. metabolic alkalosis
b. metabolic acidosis
which of the following is the correct sequence of events in excitation-contraction coupling? a. NT release, muscle cell AP, ADP-driven power stroke, CA2+ release from SR, sliding of myofilaments b. muscle cell AP, NT release, Ca2+ release from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ADP-driven power stroke c.motor neuron AP, NT release, muscle cell AP, Ca2+ release from SR, ADP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments d. motor neuron AP, NT release, muscle cell AP, sliding of myofilaments, Ca2+ release from SR, ADP-driven power stroke
b. muscle cell AP, NT release, Ca2+ release from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ADP-driven power stroke
nicotine mimics the effects of ACH receptors especially nicotonic receptors. what effect would injecting nicotine near a cholinergic axon terminal have on the spontaneous action potentials? a. nicotine tends to decrease spontaneous action potential generation b. nicotine tends to increase spontaneous action potential generation c. nicotine will usually have no effect on spontaneous action potential generation
b. nicotine tends to increase spontaneous action potential generation
which of the following is a true statement about osmosis a. all of the above are true statements about osmosis b. osmosis is the movement of solvent from regions of low solute concentration to the regions of higher solute concentration c. osmosis refers to the net movement of solute through a selectively permeable membrane d. the movement of water is restricted
b. osmosis is the movement of solvent from regions of low solute concentrations to regions of higher solute concentration
___ receptors respond when they first receive a stimulus but cease to respond if the strength of the stimulus remains constant. a. slowly adapting receptors b. rapidly adapting receptors c. both a and b d. none of the above
b. rapidly adapting receptors
enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction without altering the cellular ___ which would harm the cell. a. oxidants b. temperature c. CO2 d. triglycerides
b. temperature
which of the following is a TRUE statement about a neuron at rest: a. there is more sodium on the inside of a neuron and more potassium on the outside of a neuron. b. there is more potassium on the inside of a neuron and more sodium on the outside of a neuron. c. there is no difference in potassium and sodium concentrations between the inside and outside neuronal environments where a neuron is at rest
b. there is more potassium on the inside of a neuron and more sodium on the outside of a neuron.
Which of the following includes ALL of the measured lung volumes (i.e. TV+IRV+ERV+RV) a. Vital Capacity b. Total Lung Capacity c. Forced Vital Capacity d. Tidal Volume
b. total lung capacity
which gated channels are primarily responsible for depolarization phase of an action potential in a neuron? a. ligand or chemical gated sodium channels b. voltage-gated sodium channels c. voltage-gated potassium channels d. voltage-gated calcium channels
b. voltage-gated sodium channels
Which portion of the ECG image corresponds with the depolarization of the ventricles? a. T wave b. QT interval c. QRS complex d. PR interval e. P Wave
c. QRS complex
which of the following statements is true of cross-matching blood types? a. It is a test carried out prior to a blood transfusion to avoid a hemolytic reaction. b. Clumping of the red blood cells during the test indicate incompatibility. c. All of the above statements are true of crossmatching. d. It is done to avoid leaking hemoglobin, which may lead to renal failure.
c. all of the above statements are true
what portion of a motor neuron is responsible for the start of an action potential a. axon terminal b. node of Ranvier c. axon hillock d. dendrites
c. axon hillock
proprioceptors provide a sense of a. warmth/cold b. pain c. body position d. momentum
c. body position
which of the following couples could have a fetus at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis? a. father: AB- mother B+ b. father: B+ mother: O- c. father: B+ mother: O- d. father: O- mother: AB-
c. father: B+ mother O-
increasing the stimulus ____ causes temporal summation a. voltage b. duration c. frequency d. current
c. frequency
what kind of stimulus causes the basilar membrane close to the base or oval window of the cochlea to vibrate? a. low amplitude with varying pitch b. low pitch with varying amplitude c. high pitch with varying amplitude d. high amplitude with varying pitch
c. high pitch with varying amplitude
the susbstrate in lab 3 was __ and the enzyme was ____ a. water, catalase b. hydrogen peroxide, oxygen c. hydrogen peroxide, catalase d. oxygen, water
c. hydrogen peroxide, catalase
During which portion of the ECG does the second heart sound occur? a. Immediately prior to start of the T wave b. Immediately prior to start of the QRS complex c. Just after the start of the T wave d. Just after the start of the QRS complex
c. just after the start of the T wave
what is the name for the experiment setup that you will be using for lab #8 (the one this next week)? a. lub-dub simulator b. cardiac controller c. langendorff d. benedicts
c. langendorff
____ is the capacity of an excited neuron to redcue the activity of its neightbors, and can be helpful in locating somatosensory stimuli. a. adaptation b. stimulus coding c. lateral inhibition d. referred sensation
c. lateral inhibition
the unequal distribution of positively and negatively charged particles around the cell membrane creates the ____. at rest, it is normally about ___ a. membrane potential, +30 mV b. equilibrium potential, -30 mV c. membrane potential, -70 mV d. equilibrium potential, +70 mV
c. membrane potential, -70 mV
Which couple could potentially give birth to a child that is a universal recipient? a. Mother: O- Father: O- b. Mother: A- Father: B- c. Mother: B- Father: A+ d. Mother: A+ Father: O+ e. Mother: AB- Father: O+
c. mother: B- father: A+
what result(s) does parasympathetic nervous system activation have on the ♡? a. only ♡ rate increases b. the ♡ rate and strength of contraction increase c. only ♡ rate decreases d. only the strength of contraction increases e. the ♡ rate and strength of contraction decreases
c. only ♡ rate decreases
in blood, the hematocrit directly measures the a. amount of leukocytes only b. clotting ability of platelets c. percent of blood volume occupied by the erythrocytes d. amount of plasma in the blood
c. percent of blood volume occupied by the erythrocytes
if CO2 is added, what will be the result? CO2+H2O<---->H2CO3<----> H+ + HCO3- a. the increased CO2 will increase the pH b. the formula will shift to the left to produce more CO2 c. the formula will shift to the right to produce more H+ and HCO3- d. the CO2 will disappear because of the buffer and nothing else will change.
c. the formula will shift to the right to produce more H+ and HCO3-
how is the intensity of a stimulus encoded during information transmission to the central nervous system? a. the NT released from the afferent neuron is different based on stimulus intensity. b. second order neuron is dedicated to a certain stimulus intensity. one transmits a signal for a strong stimulus and another transmits a signal for a weak stimulus c. the frequency of action potentials transmitted to the CNS is greater for a stronger stimulus d. the amplitude of action potentials transmitted to the CNS is greater for a stronger stimulus
c. the frequency of action potentials transmitted to the CNS is greater for a stronger stimulus.
verapamil blocks voltage-gated calcium channels. why did the administration of verapamil in the lab effect the strength of ♡ contraction a. verapamil stops the signals from the motor nerves via pre-synaptic calcium blockade b. verapamil stops the AP from traveling through the ♡ c. verapamil affects the level of calcium binding to troponin in the muscle fiber d. strenght of contraction depends on potassium leakage
c. verapamil affects the level of calcium binding to troponin in the muscle fiber
which gated channels are primarily responsible for repolarization of an action potential and resting membrane potential? a. ligand or chemical gated sodium channels b. voltage-gated sodium channels c. voltage-gated potassium channels d. voltage-gated calcium channels
c. voltage-gated potassium channels
Relaxation of the diaphragm __________________ (increases/decreases) the volume of the thoracic cavity. This causes a(an) (increase/decrease) in the intra-alveolar pressure and causes air to flow (into/out of) the lungs. a. Decreases, decrease, out of b. Increases, decrease, into c. Increases, decrease, out of d. Decreases, increase, out of e. Decreases, increase, into
d. Decreases, increase, out of
Which of the following cannot be a possible parental genotype of a person with O+? a. None of these genotypes are possibilities. b. All of these genotypes are possibilities. c. IA i d. IA IB e. IB i
d. IAIB
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding a pneumothorax? a. A pnuemothorax can result from physical injury to the parietal or visceral pleura. b. Results in a partially or completely collapsed lung. c. Results in the intrapleural pressure becoming equal to and in some cases greater than the atmospheric pressure. d. If all of the above statements are TRUE, choose this response. e. A pneumothorax can occur spontaneously!
d. If all of the above statements are TRUE, choose this response.
Which portion of the ECG image corresponds with the repolarization of the ventricles? a. P Wave b. PR interval c. QT interval d. T wave e. QRS complex
d. T wave
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding an electrocardiogram? a. A 12 lead ECG is a comprehensive picture of the heart's electrical activity. b. All of the above statements are true. c. At least 2 electrodes are necessary for an ECG recording. d. The appearance of an ECG will not vary based on the location of recording electrodes.
d. The appearance of an ECG will not vary based on the location of recording electrodes.
which of the following may NOT act as a buffer a. phosphates b. proteins c. bicarbonate d. all of these e. none of these
d. all of these
which of the following conditions would not directly contribute to a low hematocrit? a. iron deficiency b. hemolysis c. hemorrhage d. an individual with a restrictive lung disease and impaired oxygen delivery
d. an individual with a restrictive lung disease and impaired oxygen delivery
during maximum effort of 10-15 seconds, fatigue due to a. accumulation of H+ ions from lactic acid b. none of the above c. depletion of ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen d. depletion of ATP and creatine phosphate
d. depletion of ATP and creatine phosphate
when ACh and epinephrine were administered in the lab in equal amounts, which one had the stronger effect? a. there was no effect with either b. both has the same strenght c. acetycholine d. epinephrine
d. epinephrine
increasing the concentration of enzyme in a solution will cause a reaction rate to do what? a. increase the energy required for the reaction to occur. b. decrease the temperature of the solution. c. decrease the reaction rate. d. increase the amount of product produced.
d. increase the amount of product produced.
which of the following would decrease or slow the rate of a chemical reaction? a. removing any enzyme inhibitors b. moderately increasing the temperature of the solution c. increasing the concentration of reactants d. increasing the energy of activation e. adding a catalyst
d. increasing the energy of activation.
a ___ whose ___ is color-blind is more likely to also be color-blind. a. male, father b. female, mother c. female, father d. male, mother
d. male, mother
the receptor which initiates the stretch reflex, demonstrated in the lab is a ____ a. monosynaptic receptor b. golgi tendon organ c. joint receptors d. muscle spindle fibers
d. muscle spindle fibers
an optometrist examining a patient, finds that the light entering her eye is coming to a focal point in front of the retina. what is your diagnosis and what shape of lens would you prescribe? a. presbyopia, concave b. hyperopia, convex c. emmetropia, convex d. myopia, concave
d. myopia, concave
a solution containing an enzyme is mildly heated but does not boil. then, quickly substrate was added to the enzyme solution. what would most likely happen to the reaction rate? a. the rate should stay the same because the enzyme is denatured b. the rate should decrease because of the increased amount of enzyme c. the rate should decrease because the enzyme is more efficient d. the rate should increase because of the increased temperature.
d. the rate should increase because of the increased temperature.
Implied by the results of the heart muscle experiment, what effect does sympathetic nervous system activation and increase release of epinephrine have on the heart muscle? a. Only the heart rate increases b. The heart rate and strength of contraction decreases c. Only the strength of contraction increases d. The heart rate and strength of contraction increases e. Only the heart rate decreases
d. the ♡ rate and strength of contraction increases
in the two-point threshold experiment, you should have seen that there are differing distances between receptors in certain body areas. this would lead you to infer that.. a. there is more area in the sensory cortex of the brain associated with the area with the largest distance between receptors b. there is no dedicated area in the brain for each specific body region c. there is no difference in the area of the sensory cortex of the brain associated with different body regions d. there is more area in the sensory cortex of the brain associated with the area with the smallest distance between receptors.
d. there is more area in the sensory cortex of the brain associated with the area with the smallest distance between receptors
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the FEV1/FVC ratio? a. A decrease in its value to less than 70% is indicative of an obstructive pulmonary disease. b. It is the ratio of the amount of air you can force out in 1 second to the total amount you can force out. c. If all of the above statements are TRUE, choose this response. d. It is used as an important diagnostic tool. e. A decrease in its value is to less than 60% is indicative of a restrictive lung disease.
e. A decrease in its value is to less than 60% is indicative of a restrictive lung disease.
A hemorrhaging patient arrives at the emergency department that has AB- blood. You are all out of AB- blood. Which other type could you transfuse into them? a. B+ b. O+ c. Any blood type, it is the universal recipient. d. AB+ e. A-
e. A-
which of the following statements about enzymes is true? a. enzymes function as biological catalysts b. enzymes increase the rate of a chemical reaction c. enzymes are proteins d. none of the answers are true except this one! e. all of the answers are true
e. all of the answers are true
which of the of the following statements about diffusion is false: a. above zero kelvin (absolute zero), all atoms, molecules, and ions are in constant motion b. molecules have higher kinetic energy at higher temperatures and therefore diffuse more rapidly c. if all of these statements are TRUE, choose this response d. diffusion is the process by which molecules move from one location to another spontaneously down their concentration gradients. e. larger molecules diffuse at the same rate as smaller particles
e. larger molecules diffuse at the same rate as smaller particles
to increase muscle strength (as occurs with a strength training regime), the ___ component changes over months or years, and the ____ component changes within days or weeks
muscular, neural
A falling pH and a rise in PaCO2 due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates________? respiratory acidosis metabolic acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis
respiratory acidosis
